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Literature Review and Analysis: Culture and Development, 2008.
A review of literature regarding childhood development in diverse cultural contexts.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of cultural variations on childhood development, by looking closer at the research that already exists on the topic. It holds that existing literature does not pay enough attention to the impact of culture, especially regarding the parent-child relationship, on developmental psychology. While the role of parenting has been long recognized as an important component in development, this recognition has existed mostly devoid of cultural context. The paper argues that culture does have an influence on development, and will consequently have an influence on any planned intervention strategy. The paper concludes that what is critically needed is further research into the subject to demonstrate statistically viable methods for conducting important therapies and interventions in different cultural settings that are backed by legitimate theory and research.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review and Analysis
Current Limitations of Family Therapy Theory
Importance of Cultural Context
Emerging Picture of Culture's Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a theoretical level, developmental psychologists and theorists have been plagued by the same impulses that beset researchers in most disciplines: the desire to devise a single, all-encompassing theory. What dedicated researcher doesn't dream of a single theory that can provide all of the answers for all of the questions that have been (and will be) asked? This impulse has led to the creation of many theories, such as attachment theory, that strive toward a grand theory of development. But attachment theory has been exaggerated in its usefulness to explain actual instances of childhood development. Lamb (2005) concludes that development is much too complex, owing largely to the complicating effects of culture, to be easily reduced to a single theoretical approach. Contrary to the tenets of attachment theory, empirical data has consistently shown that there is more to development than just the parent-child relationship (though, admittedly, this is an important component)."
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Culture and Child Development, 2002.
A cross-cultural examination of the moral development of children in the United States and Asian countries.
5,210 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the cultures of different ethnic groups in various countries play a large part in influencing the moral development of the children of the respective societies. It discusses how children from different cultures possess different values and beliefs and how, as they grow up and attend school, they are exposed to other belief systems in their environment from peers and teachers. It looks at the concept of moral development and provides a comparative analysis of the effect of culture in Asian countries and in the U.S (including minority groups).
Outline
Concept of Moral Development
American Culture
Asian Culture
Culture of Minorities in the U.S.
Interactive Cultural Effects on Individuals from the U.S. and Asia
Directions for Future Research
From the Paper
"Ironically, it is the celebration of the American freedom of and individuality that has allowed popular culture to take over the moral upbringing that was once the responsibility of families and local churches. Another characteristic of American culture that has sabotaged the moral development of the children is the promotion of change, progress and innovation in American society. Within this context, popular culture has established a powerful position with its plethora of offerings that titillate the imagination and seemingly extends the limits of what is permissible. Popular culture offers the very concepts that challenge the idea of cultural traditions that were once used to shape the moral development of American children (Myers, 2000). "
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The Literature Review, 2007.
This paper examines the function of the literature review in educational research.
876 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the literature review is an important part of any study. The paper discusses how it offers a background of the issue and provides an understanding of what other researchers have found regarding that issue. The paper looks at the process followed to conduct a literature review and explores the difficulties in identifying sources. The paper relates that information collected by means of the literature review can generally be thought of as reliable and valid.
Outline:
Purpose of the Literature Review
Process Followed to Conduct a Literature Review
Identification of Sources
Evaluation of Reliability of Sources
From the Paper
"New discoveries can lead to a re-examination of literature that has already been written on the topic and having the background knowledge of what others have found regarding the same issue can help steer the researcher toward the questions that should be asked and answered and/or the hypotheses that will be dealt with. Even if the researcher chooses to look at something new, there will undoubtedly be part of the literature review that will allow the researcher to have some background of at least part of the issue in question or similar issues that must be addressed, thus furthering the understanding of the researcher and the understanding of those that look at the subject in the future (Reed, 1998)."
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Culture and Economic Development, 2004.
This paper presents the argument that culture influences economic development.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 52 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that culture influences economic development and that certain cultures are more likely to be associated with development than others. The paper explains the role of competition and discusses globalization.
From the Paper
"Cultural and Economic Development Within the Modern World System. The territorial framework of political states has created and maintained a competitive economic system within which each state tries to insulate itself as much as possible from the rigors of the world market, while attempting simultaneously to turn the market to its own advantage."
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Culture and Cognitive Development, 2005.
Discusses how to teach multicultural children to best maximize their learning abilities.
1,736 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper shows that various cultural influences have an affect on cognitive skills of students. Teachers must be aware of what may influence how a student is apt to learn, especially in a multicultural setting. The paper shows that students in such a multicultural environment have several variables to deal with while learning.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Culture and Cognitive Development
The Changing Face of the Typical Student
Stereotypes
Assimilation and Acculturation
Thematic Units
Involving Parents
Assessment
Summary
References
From the Paper
"An example of the language stereotype seen in the U.S. is the idea that someone with a Southern drawl is slow and lazy when it comes to physical labor (Lessow-Hurley, 2005). Many people today will attach the idea that a person with a Latin accent will not perform well academically. This is a false stereotype that can negatively affect the cognitive development of a student who hears it over and over until they believe it themselves. Students and teachers alike must understand that different languages and cultures should be celebrated in the classroom, not looked upon as a hindrance to the educational process."
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Literature Review: Five Articles on the Topic of the Determinants of Academic Success in Asian and other Visible Minority Children, 2002.
This literature review will examine five scholarly articles focusing on the topic of the determinants of academic success in Asian and other visible minority children.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This literature review will examine five scholarly articles focusing on the topic of the determinants of academic success in Asian and other visible minority children. The primary subjects in each studies are children of Asian ethnicity, with children of other ethnic backgrounds selected as controls or comparisons. The five articles were chosen from the existing body of literature on the basis of a brief review which noted points of similarity and contrast in each.
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Adolescent Drug Addiction Literature Review, 2008.
A literature review of articles on the subject of adolescent drug use.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review of articles that investigate the question of whether there is a connection between the rising prevalence of drug addiction in adolescents and the increasingly young development of social problems such as poor academic performance, criminal tendency and maladjusted behavior. A close inspection of various journal studies on the topic indicate that the growing accessibility of drugs in school settings has contributed to all of these adverse consequences. The literature chosen for inclusion in the research was selected primarily for its application to the notion that drug use in adolescents is not just a problem unto itself but is indicative of much larger problems such as education and social construction, which fail to confront the problem head on. In concurrence with that topic, the studies that incorporate treatment methods tend to reflect this same impulse toward aggressive treatment and reduced penal imposition.
From the Paper
"This study casts a fairly broad net on its subject sample, using information on over 4000 babies to assess the dangers to children born to addicted mothers. Beyond the risks which are clearly present to the child while an addicted mother is pregnant, this study asserts that there is a close association between addiction in mothers and a variety of emotional, psychological and psychosocial problems in the child. The information gathered for this study was accumulated at a clinic for mothers who suffer from addiction to illegal drugs or alcohol. The study confirmed the hypothetical assertion by illustrating the correlation between drug abuse in mothers and poverty, unemployment, homelessness, susceptibility to crime and a lack of proper parenting resources such as access to healthcare. The study offers a need for resolution by the provision of treatment centers which don't just focus on the addiction problems of the mother but also treat the affected child as a patient as well."
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Global Warming: Literature Review, 2005.
A brief literature review of the studies which have been performed about global warming.
1,021 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that much of the current existing literature on global warming is based on the same preliminary studies, focuses on the same or similar elements and in general demonstrates considerable shortcomings in forming a comprehensive understanding of the overall problem of climate change.
From the Paper
"Global warming is a hot topic. Literature, publications, and opinion pieces on global warming appear almost daily in news sources and academic journals. The Internet is also replete with sources on the topic of global warming. Because global warming affects the Arctic at a far faster and more intense rate than it affects other parts of the globe, global warming in the arctic deserves far more media attention than it has received thus far. Nevertheless, many articles in trade publications can help researchers initiate a study of global warming in the arctic. Perhaps because the arctic is relatively uninhabited, the effects of global warming do not seem as severe there as they might in more populous regions of the globe. However, studies show that the Arctic exhibits the early warming signs of global warming before they reach the rest of the inhabited world. Based on a literature review conducted on the Internet, global warming in the Arctic deserves more attention and research."
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Psychological Interrogation & False Confessions: A Literature Review, 2001.
A review of literature on psychological interrogation methods, false confessions and their implications.
4,738 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that while the use of psychological interrogation methods is currently permissible by the courts in Canada, Great Britain and the U.S.A., many researchers argue that psychological interrogation is, in essence, no different than blatant coercion. Confession Law has slowly evolved over time alongside the evolution of interrogation methods. The paper discusses how prior to the 18th Century, English Common Law accepted confessions without any restrictions, which allowed confessions extracted through torture to be accepted as viable representations of objective truth. Today, the bottom line on the admissibility of confessions is that they are "typically excluded if elicited by physical violence, by a threat of harm or punishment, by a promise of leniency or immunity from prosecution, or by failure to notify a suspect of his or her constitutional rights to counsel and silence" (Kassin & McNall, 1991). The paper shows that despite these seemingly stringent laws regarding the admissibility of confessions, psychological interrogation methods are adept at circumventing the law, and continue to employ methods that run the risk of eliciting false confessions. This paper reviews the literature on Psychological Interrogation methods, false confessions and the implications of both.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychological Interrogation Tactics
Inside the Interrogation Room
Custodial Legal Advice & The Right to Silence
Psychological Interrogation Functioning as Coercion
Police Interrogations and Confessions
Communicating Promises and Threats by Pragmatic Implication
False Confessions
Occurrence of False Confessions
Creation of False Confessions
An Empirical Study On Recall
Discourse Study
Interrogative Suggestibility & Delinquent Boys
Psychological Characteristics of False Confessors
Consequences of False Confessions
From the Paper
"Interrogation, as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is the act of "questioning; formally and systematically." Interrogations within criminal justice systems are used to gather information relevant to investigations, and more importantly, to elicit confessions from suspects. Methods of interrogation have changed drastically throughout history, but the ultimate goal of obtaining confessions has held constant. While the whips and chains of the past have now exited the western world's interrogation rooms, many scholars argue that today's suspects are still subjected to psychological tortures. Psychological Interrogation is the most recent approach used by law enforcement officials to extract information from suspects."
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Literature Review Regarding Contemporary China, 2008.
A review of the literature regarding reform and thought in contemporary China.
2,964 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes three articles that relate to issues in contemporary China. It specifically examines "Rebuilding the Party's Normative Authority: China's Socialist Spiritual Civilization Campaign. Problems of Post-Communism" by Feng Chen, "Dilemmas of Thought Work in Fin de Siecle China" by D. C. Lynch and "Economic Reform and Ideological Decay: the Decline of Ideology, in Riding the Tiger - the Politics of Economic Reform in Post-Mao China" by Gordon White.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reform and Ideology
Lynch on 'Thought Work'
Gordon White and Riding the Tiger
Feng Chen
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When studied after Lynch's paper and White's early 1990s summary, Feng Chen's work seem on target. He shows the Party's intellectuals and ideologists inventing work for themselves according to 'human interest' topics such as crime, removing unwholesome influences, bringing on patriotic education for the young - and these do point to some sort of socialist function. Ironically, the CCP is to run the Chinese state whose shifts to capitalism bring social problems and work towards correcting the social problems created. Feng Chen's discussion is effective in the irony of the CCP being unable to make a "normative order" according to socialism when nearly all else it pursues is so geared to capitalism. (41) An alert reader too will see that none of this matters because the Chinese show in different ways that, first and foremost, they want the benefits of capitalism. It seems like the CCP can have its moralizing intellectual and ideological "role" if it wants, because the Chinese want to be employed and have buying power. Also, they see the clear failings of capitalism as pursued by an archaic Party in millions of visibly poor people and the migrant worker population that is mentioned by others as a strong defect of the present system. If a reader follows the Chinese press, he or she can begin to think like an everyday Chinese who does not expect accuracy from the state media, does expect to be given some message of what it means to be a Chinese citizen, how China will be "great" of course, and as Feng Chen added, some instruction to do as the Party suggests. (33)"
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Pregnant Women Abuse: Literature Review, 2005.
An examination of the literature regarding abuse of pregnant women.
2,874 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough literature review about the abuse of women during pregnancy. The paper brings in several sources and then offers a brief discussion and conclusion regarding the issue.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, notwithstanding the need for better study methodology and more reliable research from which to draw empirical data about abused pregnant women, the Gazmararian article does make several points worth mentioning: 1) an estimated 4% to 5% of all pregnant women have violence visited upon them; 2) violence is associated with "unintended pregnancies"; 3) improved knowledge of risk factors for violence "is critical for effective intervention design and implementation.""
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IIP: Literature Review, 2004.
This paper discusses the Investors in People (I.I.P.) initiative in the United Kingdom.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 24 sources, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This article contains a literature review of the Investors in People (I.I.P.) initiative in the United Kingdom. The writer looks at the goals of the I.I.P. initiative. The writer also examines the development of this initiative. After portraying the main principles of the I.I.P., the writer examines different perspectives.
From the Paper
"The Investors in People (I.I.P.) initiative is sponsored by the government of the United Kingdom (U.K.). The initiative seeks to improve the management of human resources through a framework of best practices implemented by organizations The driving principle of Investors in People is that investment in the training and development of people is essential to business success. The I.I.P. initiative was developed in consultation with the Confederation of British Industry C.B.I. and the Trade Unions Congress T.U.C. ... "
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Cultural Development of the Inuit, 2002.
This paper discusses in detail the development of the customs and social structure of the more primitive Inuit society as a direct result of its need to survive in a hostile climate. The Inuit, a member of a group of Eskimoan peoples, live in the Arctic.
4,695 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This extensive paper states that all aspects of Inuit life revolve around the survival of the group including marriage, kinships and gender role divisions. The author believes that the Inuit are highly connected with the changing of the seasons and are highly dependent upon one another. The paper states that the Inuit value respect and caring for others as an integral part of their culture because group cohesiveness and cooperation are necessary for survival. The author compares the Inuit culture with the more civilized culture of Judaism.
Table of Contents
General Description of Inuit
Food Restrictions and Symbolism
Kinship and Social Organization
Gender Roles in Inuit Society
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The eating of seal is done at a special feast called alupajaq. In this ceremony, the men gather around the seal and cut it up in a special way. The women are grouped together several feet away. The men carry on a conversation that can be heard by the women telling about hunting stories. The women talk about the seal and how nice it is to be blessed with plenty. The meat is passed from the men to the women. The women get the choicest parts of the seal."
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Literature Reviews, 2005.
A collection of short essays analyzing a variety of short stories.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper consists of five separate, two page, mini-assignments. Each paper deals with short stories and ranges across at least twenty different authors. The topics of the essays range but generally have to do with topics such as tone, plot structure, language and dialect, narrative form, and convention. The papers provide textual examples from many of the short stories.
From the Paper
"Five Literature Assignments Study Guide 6: Conventional Versus Experimental Of the following five stories, two can be classified as realistic and conventional, while the three others should be considered experimental or surrealist. This study will examine some of the textual evidence from these stories to demonstrate why I have decided to classify each one as I did. The five stories in question include: "Girl" by Jamaica Kincaid, "Women from America" by Bessie Head, "Civil Peace" by Chinua Achebe, "Night Woman" by Edwidge Danticat, and "The End of the Duel" by Borges. Four of the classifications will seem relatively self-evident, while my decision to call "Night Woman" experimental might seem a bit more questionable. To begin, consider the two stories that I feel are more traditional and realistic than the others. These are "Woman from America" by Head and "Civil Peace" by Achebe."
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The Development of the Youth Culture, 1971.
This paper discusses the development of the youth culture through its music and its relationship to the emerging social consciousness within the context of capitalism and 20th Century history. The author illustrates with various musicians: Little Richar
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Over the years most socialists have argued that in order for the radical transformation of capitalist society to take place, the emergence of a "new man" would be necessary. To them this meant a socially conscious man who understood the contradictions of capitalist society as traditionally conceived .. i.e., a man who understood his role as an alienated laborer, who understood the reasons for that alienation, and who would move to end that alienation through radical political activity. These men failed to see man in his totality as an economic, social and cultural being.
The latter half of the 1960's saw the beginnings of the development of a new historical approach which was primarily focused on the youth culture. This culture, as well as the ... "
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