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Modernist Literature and the Denial of History, 1995.
A discussion on whether modernist literature engages in a denial of history through analysis of the works of James Joyce, T.S. Eliot and Joseph Conrad.
2,722 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses George Lukacs statement that modernist literature engages in a ?denial of history, of development, and thus, of perspective.? It explores how history is treated in literature by examining the ways in which so much of modernist literature and in particular James Joyce's "Ulysses" and T.S. Eliot's "The Wasteland" and Joseph Conrad?s "Heart of Darkness" are re-writings of older texts. It also looks at the way history is diminished by characters such as Leopold Bloom by discussing the importance of perspective.
From the Paper
"In these fragments, history is deconstructed, but only to be pieced together again, according to our own individual perspectives. In this way, the possibilities of history are endless: history is constantly recreated, and, in answer to Stephen Dedalus?s complaint that ?history is to blame? for the wrongs of society, we an say that we construct history itself in much the same way that we construct society: perhaps any problems are then caused by our own perspectives, or by our lack of understanding of this point - a willingness to believe in the immutability of history."
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Literature and History, 2002.
A review of the book "Maus I and II" by Art Spiegelman, "The Hunger of Memory" by Richard Rodriguez and "The Confessions of Nat Turner" by William Styron and how they relate to history.
2,244 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in "Maus I and II", Art Spiegelman, uses the comic book genre to explain the complex and un-comical of one Holocaust survivor's tale and the transmission or testimony of this tale to the son. It looks at how "The Hunger of Memory" is Richard Rodriquez?s autobiographical story of growing up and achieving success in white America and how it has affected his relationship with his own culture. It also looks at how in "The Confessions of Nat Turner", William Styron has written a story taken from an actual event in American history and digs deep into the psychology behind Nat Turner's 1831 slave revolt. It analyzes how all three books a slice of time is explored in a sort of first person narrative and how each looks at the human side of historical events and how the times and the events shaped their lives.
From the Paper
"Art Spiegelman uses the comic book format for telling his story of his family?s experiences during the Holocaust. His use of cats (the Nazis), mice (the Jews), pigs (the Poles) and other national stereotypes is designed to focus the reader?s mind on the complex issues that occurred during the Holocaust. The use of the comic book genre is intended to amplify the process of compression, simplification and devaluation not merely of the Nazi's practices before and during the Holocaust, but the reduction and simplification present in many responses to the Holocaust as well. Spiegelman moves through several different historical subject-positions and narrated events to tell his story. Not only is there the pre-holocaust, the Holocaust, and the post holocaust, but also, within one time frame, there can be other times and places co-present as well."
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The History of English Literature, 2003.
A study of the history of English Literature, using the book "An Introduction to English Literature" by Jorge Luis Barges.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
A book review of Barges' "An Introduction to English Literature" designed to educate the reader about the rich history of English Literature. Further, the book itself is written by renown author Jorge Luis Barges. His analysis concerning English Literature is focused in: The Anglo Saxon Period; The Fourteenth Century; The Seventeenth Century; The Eighteenth Century; Nineteenth Century Prose; Nineteenth Century Poetry and the end of the Nineteenth Century. Such topics are useful when presenting the reader with a thorough understanding of the history of English literature and writers.
From the Paper
"The author?s preface begins with a general introduction on how essential English Literature is to our society as a whole. Borges also offers the reader a glimpse, of how he strategically compiled essential information concerning the history of English Literature, and writers in sixty-eight pages of text. Evidently, English Literature imparts a wealth of critical information. Further, Borges goes on to explain the significance of English literature: Of all the vernacular literatures which developed during the Middle Ages on the fringe of literature in Lain, that of England is one of the oldest. To put it another way, there are few other texts that can be attributed to the end of the seventh or the beginning of the eight centuries of our era."
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Transportation through History and Literature, 2003.
Discusses changes around the turn of the 20th century in railroads and culture, studied through history and literature.
3,284 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper connects history with literature and talks about changes in the 20th century in the field of transportation. As cities grew, industry became the dominant form of economy, and transportation moved to new levels. In the past, people would stay around one location for their whole life. Once the transportation revolution ended, ordinary people had the power of moving wherever they wanted to go. The paper explains that this was one of the greatest times of change for the people of the world, and it is evident in the literature of the time.
From the Paper
"It is said that the railroads were the first to unify the United States. In a way, this is correct. Canals had been built, cities had been strategically placed on rivers for ease of transportation, roads had been built, and carriages were used considerably. However, nothing matched the awesome power of the train. Steamboats were slow, carried a moderate amount of supplies, and could only travel on waterways that were hard to build. In fact, steamboats could not even run on canals. Barges were used, pulled by horses, to transport goods. Roads easily flooded and turned to mud, and carriages were at the mercy of the weather. Because of these circumstances, transportation was long, arduous, and sometimes even dangerous. Railroads offered a way out of this quagmire of transportation. They were easy to build, they were fast, they could carry a large amount of goods on many train cars, and the cars were, for the most part, enclosed. This meant that the trains could travel through any type of weather. By the end of the 19th Century, every major city had a connection to the railroad network, and the nation became unified."
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American History Through Literature, 2007.
An analysis of the glimpse of history as provided by John Dickinson's "The Liberty Song" and "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both John Dickinson's "The Liberty Song" and Nathaniel Hawthorne's "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" reflect the conflict in America with Great Britain, just in different time periods. It looks at how "The Liberty Song" is a poem written by Dickinson after the Townshend Acts were enforced and allows us to see the attitude of many Americans towards Great Britain. The paper also discusses how Hawthorne's "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" was written before the American Revolution and how, through this work of literature, we can gain the insight to many of the ideas and behaviors of Americans during this time. The paper notes that "The Liberty Song" is forward in the demonstration of beliefs of Americans, while "My Kinsmen, Major Molineux" is a symbolic portrayal of the relationship between America and Great Britain.
From the Paper
""The Liberty Song" expresses the attitudes of Americans after the Townshend Acts. Great Britain had just successfully defended the American Colonies in the French and Indian War. Great Britain had shed its blood and spent a multitude of money protecting the colonies. In return, Great Britain could foresee no problem with taxing the American Colonies to help gain back some of the financial stability the country had lost. However, the colonies were taxed on common products being imported such as lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea. The "taxation without representation" caused riots and boycotts and led to many disputes between Great Britain and the American Colonies. "
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Literature on Native American History, 2002.
An analysis and comparison on two works relating to Native American history.
2,456 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and compares "The Treaty of Canandaigua 1794: 200 Years of Treaty Relations between the Iroquois Confederacy and the United States" by G. Peter Jemison and Anna M. Schein and James Wilson?s "The Earth Shall Weep: A History of Native America". The paper shows that "The Treaty of Canandaigua" provides an in-depth analysis of the treaty and its effects on both the Native American and European population of the United States, while "The Earth Shall Weep" encompasses the lives and history of many diverse Native American tribes, over almost their entire known history.
From the Paper
"Interestingly, James Wilson is not a Native American, and yet he writes The Earth Shall Weep as if he were. Wilson's analysis is clearly written outside of the Eurocentric, Christian view that has dominated the world stage for so long. As such, Wilson's review of Native American history is fresh and inviting. He manages to create a somewhat balanced overview of the indigenous North American population, while never idealizing or demonizing their culture. As such, Wilson's somewhat detached viewpoint works wonders in this lengthy (480 page) work by creating a book that is both instructive and balanced.
This balance is especially refreshing give the tendency of many books on native American culture to be written either from a dry, academic standpoint, or from a somewhat naive and idealistic viewpoint of indigenous North American culture. Wilson's book gives a useful review of Native American history without falling prey to the either extreme of analysis. As such, the book is engaging and readable, without being overbearing or exclusionist in its point of view."
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?Literature; Ancient Greek Literature?, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between ancient Greek burial and death rites and ancient Greek literature.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon illustrating the relevance of the obvious emphasis and taboo regarding Greek burial or death rites as it is portrayed in a significant amount of ancient Greek literature. It examines how literature has long been a relevant source that historians as well as other scholars can turn to so as to glean at least a marginal understanding regarding the societal norms of the era or culture in particular.
Outline
Introduction
Generalities Regarding Ancient Greek Burial Rites
Relevance of Literary Illustrations Regarding Ancient Greek Perspectives on Death
Burial Rites Within Ancient Greek literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the first things that essentially needs to be taken into consideration is that, as a result of their significantly un-advanced and superstitiously primitive preconceptions and beliefs, that nearly all kinds of ancient literature is tinged, to some degree or another, with elements of the super natural or paranormal. The occult, witches, curses and ghosts, all are things that are mentioned, with varying degree of figurativeness and realism, within ancient British as well as Greek literature. Moreover, there appears to be a particular degree of emphasis upon the relevance and effectuality of such things as oaths and curses, especially in regard to the likes of such being implemented in concern to a particular person?s death or burial. This something that is quite strongly portrayed when Euripides? Hippolytus, the protagonist within the play, reasserts his confidence to his father in so much as taking an oath that in death may neither sea nor earth receive my flesh, if I have proved false (Lawson, 1964)."
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Historical Context in Understanding Literature, 2002.
A review of "Maud Martha" and "Sonny's Blues" in order to understand the relationship between history and literature.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of the role history plays in creating and understanding literature. Two pieces of literature, Maud Martha and Sonny's Blues, are used as examples of history shaping literature and of the importance of understanding the history of the period in which the works were written to gain a full appreciation of the literature.
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Multi-Cultural Children's Literature, 2005.
A look at the history of multi-cultural children's literature in the United States.
2,104 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the history of multi-cultural children's literature is inextricably tied to the social history of America. This history is examined and the writer points out that the incorporation of multicultural children's literature into the popular American library has been a story of civil rights, historical trends, and individual agency. Some books examined for their contribution to this trend are Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Book", the French "Tin Tin" series by Herge Moulinsart among others.
From the Paper
"The history of Hispanic-Americans, though not as brutal as that of the African-Americans, is equally grueling in its disregard for native culture. Enslaved in South and Latin America, this demographic faced the same cultural history that the African-Americans did, but without the same causal cry for acknowledgement and involvement into the common knowledge base as witnessed by African-Americans. Many of these groups also have roots in the Native Americans (First Nations' Peoples) of the United States, and as such, have received a historically inaccurate and unflattering history though children's literature in America as the demographic with whom the brave American settler's battled and, later, the heartless killers who ravaged the west of the idolized American Cowboy."
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Asian-American Literature, 2004.
This paper reviews Asian-American history and provides a course outline for incorporating Asian-American literature studies into middle-school or high-school coursework.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Asian-American literature, which has grown considerably over the last several decades, is considered one of the subdivisions of multicultural literature. The author points out that scholarly and popular interest in Asian-American literature is of recent vintage, having found its direct roots in student activism at San Francisco State and the University of California, Berkeley in the late 1960s, which resulted in the creation of interdisciplinary ethnic studies programs; today, courses in Asian-American literature are common throughout U.S. higher education. The paper relates that Asian-American literature is an oft-contested field due to the wide variety of cultures and backgrounds in the Asian-Americans culture; however, this variety of backgrounds has given rise to writings reflective of cross-generational concerns and styles.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Course Outline
Course Abstract
Fiction
Group Project
Single Project
Survey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When considering the history of Asian-American literature, it is necessary to also look at the history of those who came to the United States since its formation. In reviewing the Asian-American literature, it is also important to note the history of Asian immigration to the United States. The Chinese first started immigrating to the United States during the mid- to late-1860s, as part of the gold rush. They provided cheap labor for farms and the transcontinental railroad. Other Asian groups joined them during this same time to work in the Hawaiian sugar plantations or California farm fields. The Asians were recognized as second-class citizens from their very first days in the country. However, they still had to contribute 50 percent of the taxes collected in California between 1850 and 1870 because of the Foreign Miners Tax of 1850. Other discriminatory events included the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1885, which initiated a ban on Chinese immigration."
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Ancient Roman Literature, 2008.
A discussion of the worth of Roman literature and a comparison of the meter and themes of Roman literature to Greek literature.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the value of the works of the great Roman poets and prose authors. The paper specifically discusses how Roman literature and poetry is criticized because it lacks originality, being greatly indebted to the Greek texts. It describes the meter and themes of Roman literature and discusses how these, and even the mere details, are most of the times only imitations of the Greek writings.
From the Paper
"Thus, Roman art can be characterized by the lack of spontaneity and speculative power. The Romans were a logical and practical people, usually engaged in political affairs or warfare. The greatest conquerors of the antiquity, the Romans were also the greatest civilizing power. Their systematic and disciplined spirit laid the foundations of the Western civilization. As it is obvious from the lyric, dramatic and epical works of the Roman writers, they Roman people was certainly not inclined to philosophy as the Greeks had been. Indeed, the only writer who can be said to have contributed meaningfully to the realm of antique philosophy is the multidimensional Cicero, who is the only Roman methodological philosopher: "Philosophy was not a natural growth at Rome: indeed, it was regarded by the average Roman with definite mistrust, and we hear that philosophers were banished from the city in 161 B. C....The Roman, essentially a man of action engaged in the practical business of war or politics, was not given to pausing on his way to reflect deeply on the nature of the world or the ultimate meaning of human life."(Bailey, 183) The Romans were thus less preoccupied with the ultimate meaning of the universe and of life, as the Greeks were, but rather with the world of action and human behavior. Usually associated with imitation rather than creation, Roman art had nevertheless its own force precisely through its absolute conformity to classicism."
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Literature Review on Zero Tolerance, 2007.
A literature review of the zero tolerance policy in an educational setting and various views regarding its effectiveness.
12,690 words (approx. 50.8 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 242.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of zero tolerance policies as a preventative measure against school violence. It points out that studies reveal conflicting opinions about zero tolerance. It argues that the research available shows a clear need for a change in how zero tolerance policies are applied and a need for various alternatives. The paper includes tables and survey statistics to illustrate this. To conclude, the paper suggests that now is the time to make adjustments in policy, practice and research to implement policies that can keep schools safe and preserve the opportunity for all students to learn.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Purpose
Review of Literature
History of Zero Tolerance
Perceptions of Teachers, Administrators and Parents
Suspension and Expulsion
School Shootings
Negative Impact of Zero Tolerance
Alternatives to Zero Tolerance Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A particular strategy that has caught the attention of many school districts in the last two decades or so is the zero tolerance policy. The zero tolerance policy has become a one-size-fits all solution to all the problems facing schools. Skiba (2000) offers this definition for zero tolerance...it is "a method of sending a message that certain behaviors will not be tolerated, by punishing all offenses severely, no matter how minor". The said purpose of the zero tolerance policy is to create a safe and secure learning environment for all students, something that is in fact a right of all students and parents to expect from any educational institution. However, in practice, it has been used to direct students who misbehave intentionally, targets serious risk students who cause disturbances in schools, and applied to students who have an emotional problem or other disability (Noguera 2003)."
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Classical Marxist Theory and Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the classical Marxist approach to literature, which views literature as essentially a social and cultural production.
8,870 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in its classical sense, Marxist theory does not deal explicitly with literature and art and does not develop an aesthetic of culture or literature. However, the theoretical trajectory of Marxist thought has impacted radically on art and literature as aspects of societal and cultural discourse. The author points out that the concept of dialectic refers specifically to the methodology or method of analysis, which is peculiar to Marxist theory;. In this sense, literature and art, as cultural products, are analyzed in relation to their social and historical context. The paper analyzes specifically " Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, "A Passage to India" by E. M. Forster's and the writings of Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Foundation of Marxist Theory and Literary Criticism
Marxism - Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Literature
The Premises of Marxist Criticism
Base and Superstructure
The Dialectic
Ideology and Alienation
Semiology and Psychoanalytic Theory.
Reader - Response Theories
A Marxist Critique of Literature
Analysis of the Echo in "A Passage to India": A dialectical reading
" Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad
Dickens
Shakespeare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this perspective, literary works are essential structures of ideological formations. In other words, literature expresses and represents the ideals and aims of class formation that persist and maintain the society. "Literature is for Marxism a particular kind of signifying practice which tends to make up what can be termed an ideological formation". Therefore, Marxist critical perspectives will attempt to explain literature from within its social context and in relation to that particular historical time period. This in turn relates to basic strategies, such as the identification of class structures and class struggle within the literature of a certain historical period."
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The Tale-Telling Tradition of Women in Caribbean Literature, 2002.
This literature essay compares two stories written by Caribbean women authors, and discusses these in relation to women's oral histories and traditions in Caribbean cultural contexts
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This literature essay compares two stories written by Caribbean women authors, and discusses these in relation to women's oral histories and traditions in Caribbean cultural contexts. Referring to the post-colonial and feminist theory, the author of this paper analyzes women's writing as a reflection of traditions with story-telling, women's "voice," and histories that are particular to women and Caribbean culture.
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World War I Literature, 2007.
A comparison of three books on World War I: "A History of the American People" by Paul Johnson, "America: A Narrative History" by George Brown Tindall and David E. Shi and "A People's History of the United States" by Howard Zinn.
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of World War I. It compares three books on the subject and discusses their use, details and easiness to understand. The paper compares "A History of the American People" by Paul Johnson, "America: A Narrative History" by George Brown Tindall and David E. Shi and "A People's History of the United States" by Howard Zinn.
From the Paper
"Zinn, however, did not go as deeply into the some of the incidents leading up to the war that were mentioned in Johnson's and Tindall's books. It is necessary to read more than Zinn's book to understand the WWI era. The best of all worlds would be a book that covers the war in an objective manner, presenting both sides, in a less formal way as Zinn does. If the Tindall/Shi book was edited down and made more reader friendly and included some of the "narratives" in Zinn's book, this would be the right approach. World War I is a difficult time to understand with all the underlying personal agendas and the ramifications that resulted from the treaties. For the layperson, it has to be clear and user friendly, as well as well-rounded."
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