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Lighting Techniques in Art, 2004.
An examination of the evolution of lighting techniques in various periods of art throughout history.
2,457 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the evolution of sculpture, from the architecturally-based Gothic period to the return to Antiquity and Roman art, and new ideas about light use and perspective in the Renaissance to the very Catholic and extravagant Baroque period, and the many interluding movements that finally brought sculpture to a more modern place in the 19th century with the works of Realism, shows both a desire to return to artistic roots and a need to grow beyond that which has already been created. It explains that each period had innovative techniques and original artistic ideas, which would influence all art that followed by creating a new standard that could be adhered to, added onto, or completely revolted against by the next generation of artists. It concludes that sculpture continues to reflect the movements of religion, architecture, painting, and science in every period of time.
From the Paper
"The human mind is only capable of sight by means of taking light through the eye and interpreting that within the brain. Although people did not fully understand the scientific properties of light until relatively recently, artists throughout time have had the particular challenge of creating an illusion of the existence of light within an art piece. Human sight has an incredible range, feeding the mind images of the surrounding world from near complete darkness to the brightest of sunlight conditions. It is through this range that the world becomes reality, and it is therefore the place of art to attempt to capture this range of light. However, traditional pigments have a very limited range, and therefore the artist must find ways to make the available colors combine to create an illusion that may be interpreted by the viewer as similar to reality. The lighting techniques of painters took a significant turn in the Early Renaissance period which moved their work much closer to nature in appearance through a change in lighting styles, and this continued to influence the art periods that followed."
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Lighting Techniques in "My Darling Clementine", 2002.
A review of the 1946 film "My Darling Clementine" with an emphasis on lighting techniques.
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines John Ford's Western "My Darling Clementine" (1946) and how in particular the lighting adds to the gritty and harsh nature of the landscape, the town and the characters. It looks at how Ford and his cinematographer actually use lighting and other elements to create a film that falls between the myth and the reality. The lighting suggests a harsh and realistic West, while the isolation of Wyatt Earp in scene after scene sets him apart as a laconic and yet powerful figure.
From the Paper
"The opening sequences show the use of filters to bring out the sky and the clouds over Monument Valley as the Earps bring their cattle across the valley floor. The lighting through most of this opening sequence evokes the documentary which uses only natural sunlight as a source, adding to the realism of the scene and contributing to the grittiness and harsh look of the landscape. This is not a Western that prettifies the West and its denizens. Instead, Ford approaches the West here as a hard place to live and as a place peopled by hard people. Those who seem to "belong" to this landscape will be contrasted with Clementine, who clearly does not belong, especially in the eyes of Wyatt Earp. "
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Bud Light and Coors Light, 2002.
A comparison of the international markets for the beer products Bud Light and Coors Light.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
Light beers have become a viable product in the last few years showing a certain ambiguous health consciousness on the part of the public, at least in America, so that people continue to drink beer but try to reduce their caloric intake at the same time. This paper compares the international markets for the products Bud Light (Anheuser-Busch International, Inc) and Coors Light (Coors Brewing Company).
The paper shows that taste may be a consideration in deciding which beer to purchase, but the success or failure of a lite beer in the international marketplace will depend as much on the marketing and distribution apparatus and skills of the companies that produce these beers, thus raising the issue of whether Anheuser-Busch or Coors will be better able to deliver the product to the consumer. The paper concludes that by this criterion in particular, Bud Light is in a better position than Coors Light.
From the Paper
"Coors has been making progress in the international marketplace as well, but it has also encountered some problems. Canada is a major market for beer, as noted, and Coors had an agreement with Canada's biggest brewer, Molson Breweries, for licensing rights to Coors' top-selling beers in Canada. A dispute arose in 1996 leading to an agreement that Molson would continue to brew and sell Coors Light, Canada's dominant light beer, and Original Coors through June 30, 1997, with doubts about what would happen after that. A court ruling had found that Molson had breached its licensing deal by allowing Miller Brewing Co., a unit of Philip Morris Cos. Inc., to buy a 20 percent stake without Coors' consent in 1993. Molson Breweries is also owned 40 percent each by Toronto-based Molson Cos. Ltd. and Australia's Foster's Brewing Group Ltd. Molson had to pay Coors damages in the millions of dollars (Schuettler, "Coors/Molson Agree"). Coors Light is the dominant light beer in Canada, commanding a 5 to 5.5 percent share of the beer market, and Coors can ill-afford to ignore this market (Schuettler, "Molson Shares Dive")."
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Fertilization Techniques, 2007.
This paper examines the most common infertility techniques that are available today.
2,252 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that there are a number of methods that have been developed with varying degrees of success to help women who have difficulty becoming pregnant. The writer points out that these include some of the most contemporary technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and various other procedures. In essence, the writer explains that assisted fertilization refers to technologies and techniques that can be used to enhance sperm-egg interaction. This paper outlines some of the most prevalent and contemporary of the infertility techniques in use today. The writer concludes that the suggestion is that reproductive cloning will advance, in a similar fashion to the acceptance of techniques like IVF, and that new techniques will be developed to improve upon existing methods of infertility assistance.
Outline:
Introduction
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
GIFT: Gametic Intra-fallopian Transfer
Other Techniques
New Techniques and Reproductive Cloning
From the Paper
"There are a number of advantages to this procedure, including the fact the embryo can be fertilized inside the oviduct in its natural environment. The process also takes only about an hour and can also be performed on an outpatient basis."
"There are a number of variations to both GIFT and in vitro fertilization that are important to note. These include blastocyst transfer, or the transfer of a more mature embryo; as well as the use of donor eggs from another woman and the use of a surrogate mother and the transfer of frozen embryos."
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Implementing Lean Manufacturing Techniques, 2003.
Discusses the difficulties of implementing lean manufacturing techniques and the need for top management support if a company is to be successful in the implementation of the techniques.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the increasing pressure on companies to produce more with fewer human resources. It looks at approaches to lean management techniques and the most successful process of implementation. The paper considers time and activity studies, both traditional methods and computer-based methods, and how, if done properly, they can be used effectively in the implementation of the lean manufacturing techniques.
From the Paper
"Companies today are expected to compete globally, meet higher standards, and increase profits, but often with fewer people and fewer resources. Striving to meet these seemingly impossible goals, organizations began to develop lean manufacturing techniques. To improve employee productivity, time and activity studies are conducted. There are traditional methods of gathering time information which is through the use of stopwatches and personal observations. However, technology has brought about new computer-based programs too. Whatever the way that a company may decide to conduct the studies, they first need to understand the benefits that motion and time studies can bring to their organization. After the time studies occur, the company should be able to successfully put into practice the results that the studies show."
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Lighting and the Circadian Rhythm, 2008.
An analysis of the article "Lighting for the Human Circadian Clock: Recent Research Indicates that Lighting Has Become a Public Health Issue" by S. Pauley.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Lighting for the Human Circadian Clock: Recent Research Indicates that Lighting Has Become a Public Health Issue" that reveals that certain illness rates, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer, are much higher among nighttime shift workers than in the rest of the population. The paper explains the article's evidence that the disruption in the normal circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycles inhibits the production of melatonin that in turn increases cancer rates. The paper discusses the implications of this research for nighttime workers and for the general public.
From the Paper
"Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most people worked and carried on their daily life activities exclusively in the daytime and slept at night, primarily because without artificial lighting, there was no other choice. Once kerosene, gas, and incandescent lighting became widely used during the nineteenth century, people were able to make more productive use of nighttime hours, and 24-hour production became a possibility. Artificial lighting has become so common, that in modern societies, we take nighttime sporting events, all-night restaurants, and 24-hour casinos for granted. Certain industries run 'round the clock, with rotating shift workers on duty at all times."
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Coercive Marketing Techniques, 2005.
A discussion on the alleged coercive nature of marketing techniques and the validity of such allegations with references to Douglas Rushkoff's "Coercion" and John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty".
1,407 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Douglas Rushkoff, author of "Coercion", claims that marketing techniques are infringements on consumers' liberty. It also discusses how, in comparison, John Stuart Mill's principle in his work "On Liberty", shows us marketing techniques in a more positive light and how more often than not, they do not infringe on our liberty of choice. The paper discusses the various reasons why we are not subject to coercion when we shop.
From the Paper
" The difference between watching an advertisement and listening to propaganda or abiding by societal influences, is that your livelihood is affected in both the latter situations. You would not lose friends, or your job, or even your life, when you block out marketing techniques. But the same might not be true when it comes to government or societies trying to persuade you. Many a times, these influences affect your livelihood, and you are forced to allow them to influence you. Many listen to political rallies because they are worried that they would vote for the wrong party, resulting in loss of benefits or bad government (i.e. the 'harm' in the principle). "
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Film Techniques in "Sabotage", 2007.
This paper discusses the unique use of film techniques in Alfred Hitchcock's "Sabotage".
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Alfred Hitchcock, one of the most highly influential film directors and producers of all time, was known mostly for his unique use of film techniques. The writer notes that some of these techniques consist of Hitchcock's personification of the camera, the use of close-up shots, the point of view of the character, the use of humor, creating tension, as well as the use of sound. The writer then points out that these techniques are used throughout Hitchcock's 1936 film, "Sabotage". The writer maintains that the application of these techniques is what made him so widely known. The writer concludes that in the film "Sabotage", Hitchcock's techniques were successful in intriguing his viewers and keeping them in a constant state of suspense.
From the Paper
"One of Hitchcock's most famous techniques is the idea that the camera is not only just a camera, but also a camera taking on human qualities. Hitchcock, when shooting his films, would make the camera act as though it were the eyes of the viewer. The camera is playfully used almost as if it were a detective trying to figure out a crime. This keeps the audience intrigued and also allows the audience to uncover the mystery. This technique is seen in the film, "Sabotage" during the first scene where the lights have gone out and the two men find sand in the machine."
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Safety Analysis Techniques, 2002.
A review of different safety analysis techniques used in companies to examine the safety of their products.
3,094 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various safety analysis techniques employed by the companies and other research institutions world wide to testify the security and to minimize the risk factor involved in the use of their products. The paper begins by defining safety hazards and then lists common safety analysis techniques. The writer then discusses some of these techniques including Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA); Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). It concludes with examining the factors which affect the length of safety analysis.
Introduction
Defining Safety Analysis or Hazard Analysis
Common Safety Analysis Techniques
Discussion on Some Safety Analysis Techniques
Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)
Factors Affecting the Length of Safety Analysis
Research Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All the firms are legally bound to confirm their consumer?s safety in terms of the usage of product. Nevertheless, the extent to which the management and the first-line supervisors take this liability seriously depends upon the organization?s culture. Because, ?an organization's culture consists of its values, beliefs, legends, rituals, mission, goals, performance measures and its sense of responsibility to its employees, customers and community, all of which are translated into a system of expected behavior. Senior management obtains, as a result of the organization's culture, the hazards-related incident experience that it establishes as acceptable. For the personnel in the organization, what is "acceptable" is their interpretation of the reality of what management does, which may differ from what management says? (Manuele, 1997, p.160 (5)). Thus, the management?s commitment to product?s safety is largely dependent upon the organizational culture. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the organization to take adequate measures to incorporate the much-needed values and the level of promise essential for an accurate safety analysis. Definition of the term safety analysis or hazard analysis will considerably assist the readers in comprehending the significance and the use of safety analysis techniques in the corporate world."
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Psychometric Testing and Assessment Techniques, 2001.
An evaluation of various psychometric tests and assessment techniques used in the selection process.
2,605 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper critically analyzes psychometric testing and other assessment techniques used in the selection process. The author discusses whether assessment techniques add value to organizations by focusing on using selection techniques that are related to job description. The applicability of the selection techniques to the South African context is also mentioned.
From the Paper
"Selection is ?the process of choosing from a group of applicants the individual best suited for a particular position? (Carrell, Elbert, Hatfield, Grobler, Marx & van der Schyf, 1996, p.174). This process involves making a judgment about the fit between the person and the job, which is difficult because there are many subjective factors involved (Carrell et al., 1996). The selection process ?hinges on which applicants have the necessary ability and the greatest motivation to be successful employees? (Carrell et al., 1996, p.178). Most importantly a selection technique must have validity and reliability. Furthermore, all applicants are to be treated equally and in conjunction with the Labor Legislation. Selection techniques include: (1) psychometric testing, of which there are various tests to use, and (2) assessment techniques, which measure behavior and potential performance, using specifically developed simulations, based on a job analysis (Spangenberg, 1991)."
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Descriptive Techniques in Literature, 2002.
An assessment of four stories to examine how descriptive techniques are used to create memorable characters.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the writing techniques that are found in the short descriptive essays of "Po- Po" by Eric Liu, "Caught in the Widow's Web" by Gordon Grice, "Nameless, Tennessee" by William Least Heat Moon, and "The Inheritance of Tools" by Scott Russell Sanders. Through describing these techniques, the reader is made aware of the variety of literary devices that are used to form a cohesive story. An emphasis on characterization - or the techniques that the authors use to convey the natures of their characters - is the descriptive technique that is investigated in this paper.
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Risk Management Techniques, 2006.
An in-depth look at the use of futures and options as risk management techniques.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 56 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the history of risk management techniques and goes on to discuss the risk management techniques of today. The paper then takes a look at the distinction between forward contracts and futures, discussing the various advantages and disadvantages, hedging techniques, trading of futures and options, and risk exposure.
Outline:
Brief History of the Evolution of Futures and Options
Difference between Forward Contracts and Futures and the Limitations of Forward Contracts in Risk Management
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Futures and Options as Risk Management Tools
Futures as a Hedging Technique in Different Industries - Farmers, Agriculture, etc.
Trading Futures and Options
Differences between Hedgers and Speculators
Different Types of Options -Straddle, Strangles, Exotic, etc.
The Possibility of Buying and Selling Weather Derivatives and How This Help Certain Industries Reduce Their Risk Exposure
From the Paper
"Disadvantages of Options. Just like futures, options involve risk of loss and may not be suitable for use by everyone. A wise analysis of its response in the market performance is a must. Trading futures and options involve basis risk. This kind of risk can only be eliminated by incurring marginal transaction costs such as broker's fees, opportunity costs, hidden costs of illiquidity, and learning costs. However, these costs of trading options are much higher in percentage basis as compared to trading the underlying stocks, which may lead to exhaustion of profits. Since options can be traded in any underlying stocks, it becomes complex and would require maintenance otherwise it may cause difficulty in trading. Due to poor liquidity, there is a risk not to recover an investment in buying or selling options in a stock for speculative gain. A higher amount of premium may be required because of uncertainty in the cash market, thus will render hedging of the option more difficult. It is also very explicit that options are time-sensitive, thus, there is a possibility that it may expire worthless. There is also a tendency that the buyer may lose the entire premium since options are wasting asset if it still remains out-of-money until the expiration date. Like futures, the seller has to face the risk of being assigned exercise in random by the stock exchange."
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The Role of Classical Hollywood Techniques in "The Silence of the Lambs", 2002.
An examination of the role of classical Hollywood techniques in developing the relationship between Clarice Starling and Dr. Hannibal Lecter in the film "The Silence of the Lambs".
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how classical Hollywood cinema techniques such as narration, camera angles and lighting aid in the development of the relationship between the protagonists Clarice Starling and Hannibal Lecter in the film "The Silence of the Lambs". It evaluates how classical narration develops the relationship which changes from an impersonal to a more personal one, as Clarice Starling, an FBI agent, struggles to solve a problem to which Dr. Hannibal Lecter provides the answer. It also looks at how in all four of their encounters, the camera shots move from low and high-angle shots to those of eye-level shots signifying how the relationship changes from one of superiority to one of equality.
From the Paper
"In The Silence of the Lambs camera angles are another classical Hollywood technique that helps in developing the relationship between Starling and Dr. Lecter. In their first of four encounters, low-angle shots and high-angle shots were used. ?With low-angle shots, in which the camera looks up at the action or person, the audience assumes that the person looking up is inferior to what they are looking at? (Belton 45). In the first encounter the low-angle shot was used subtly, not to the extreme as in other movies. An example of a low-angle shot is when Starling is talking and the camera breaks to Dr. Lecter, showing him slightly higher. High-angle shots are used as well."
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Fusion Techniques for Image Retrieval, 2006.
An evaluation of fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images, in particular the technique using support vector machine (SVM). The paper describes an experiment that was run in order to test the stability of this technique and it details the results that were found.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fusion Techniques
SVM
Ensemble
Average and Max
Experiment
Conclusion and Observations
From the Paper
"Against the backdrop of increased digital images, an accurate image retrieval system is in demand and is supported by a number of methods. Classification is one of the most important parts of image retrieval. Of the several classification techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the most efficient and the most accurate, especially in cases where the number of samples is small [4]. In addition, to transfer data to higher dimensions, SVM can adapt for non-linear boundary problems [5]."
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Fertilization Techniques, 2007.
The writer discusses the beginnings of fertilization techniques and looks at the various processes available.
2,326 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer notes that in the past few decades, several advanced current-day fertilization techniques for women that have difficulties conceiving children have emerged at the forefront of medical technology. The writer points out that medical professionals are now able to prescribe a few different treatment options for women that are unable to get pregnant naturally. If treatment has not resulted in pregnancy after four to six menstrual cycles, fertilization techniques may be considered. The writer concludes that it appears that different techniques have roots in in vitro fertilization, which is predicted to see improvements over the next few years. The writer maintains that the future of human fertilization appears bright.
Outline:
Introduction
In Vitro (test tube) Fertilization
Third Party Donor
Gametic Intra-fallopian Transfer
Intra-cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Currently, in due to improvements in ultrasound imaging, surgery is no longer necessary for most in vitro fertilization patients. Technological progress has allowed for the use of a sonographically-guided needle to replace the surgical procedure which previously was used to recover eggs. This procedure, called Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval, requires neither hospitalization nor general anesthesia. Instead, the woman undergoes about two weeks of intensive preparation, including hormonal therapy with fertility drugs. Blood tests and ultrasound scans of the ovaries are used to determine the optimal time to retrieve the eggs from the ovary, and at the proper time, an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia will allow the female's eggs to be visualized by ultrasound and retrieved from the ovary by placing a needle through the vaginal wall. The woman experiences pain similar to a pap smear and is able to return home and resume normal activities. The embryologist places the sperm with the eggs when they are ready for fertilization, maintaining them in a laboratory dish in a nutrient mixture which acts as a substitute for the environment that would otherwise have been provided by the fallopian tubes."
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