| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LIFE SUPPORT WITHDRAWAL": |
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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
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Life-Support Withdrawal, 2008.
A research proposal for a study of how families deal with making end-of-life care decisions.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This research proposal involves an examination of how the decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) comprises a most significant event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. The methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who will be contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals. The research design is based on interpretive phenomenology, according to the work of M. van Manen and its focus on direct experience. The paper maintains that family members' experience of decision making related to withdrawal of life support is subjective, but also universal in many respects. The decision to withhold or withdraw interventions involves a complex process that occurs in stages. The paper concludes that the goal of the study is to show how this process is either facilitated or made more problematic for families.
Outline:
Introduction
Research Design
Theoretical Underpinning
Strengths and Limitations of Design
Participant Selection
Study Setting
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Steps to Ensure Rigor
Dissemination of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The theory underlying this study ultimately is found in the writings of Heidegger (1975, p. 11) who maintained that the individual worldview is not relative because whenever a worldview is developed, what it contains "can be formulated in propositions and rules which are related in their meaning to a specific really existing world". Individual experience, then, reflects universal experience. According to Phillips and Brown (1993), a critical hermeneutic approach proves useful in investigating the management of meaning. The approach is based on hermeneutics as an area of philosophy which relates to the theory and practice of interpretation, but is critical because it enables self-conscious reflection on social conditions. When the hermeneutic perspective is combined with a critical approach, the result is a structured approach to the analysis of the role of meaning in people's experience (Phillips & Brown, 1993). Researchers use the approach to associate ideas and symbols in ways which will explain the creation or maintenance of a permanent pattern of social relations. These include any activity which affects the network of symbols through which the individual or group understands reality. Critical hermeneutics is especially useful since it extends existing interpretive approaches (Phillips & Brown, 1993). The method can be used in longitudinal studies, in studies comparing cultural management, or in the study of groups and inter-group conflict."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2008.
This paper presents a study exploring what family members experience when deciding to withhold or discontinue life-sustaining treatment from a loved one.
1,206 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses a research study that will explore the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper examines the role of healthcare providers in this situation, presents the research question and looks at the methodology to be used.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"Life-sustaining interventions have the potential to increase the life span of patients, yet termination of these interventions in ICUs is steadily increasing. Whereas providing the options regarding withholding or withdrawing treatment is common in the ICU environment, assisting family members as they struggle with these decisions on a personal level is extremely problematic (Abbott, Sago, Breen & Abernethy, 2001). The decision to withhold or withdraw these interventions involves a complex process for family members and occurs in stages (McHale Wiegand, 2006). For many family members, they are forced to become involved with decisions about which they have little or no information and have no preparation (McHale Wiegand, 2006)."
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Family Experience and Withdrawal of Life Support, 2008.
An analysis of the factors that impact on the quality of the family's experience in the withdrawal of life support from a loved one in ICU (intensive care unit).
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses families' experiences with the withdrawal of life support from a loved one in ICU (intensive care unit) and how it is not uniform for all families because of the operation of certain factors which influence the decision-making process. Finally, the paper discusses the impact of the support that these families receive and how it is the major factor that influences the quality of the family's experience.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem and Purpose
Literature Review
Research Question
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis #1
Data Collection
Research Design #1
Statistical Analysis #1
Hypothesis #2
Sampling Strategy #2
Data Collection #2
Research Design #2
Statistical Analysis #2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Making decisions related to the withdrawal of life support in the ICU is one of the most demanding experiences the family will ever face. Nurses play a key role in the effectiveness of the decision making process and it is their understanding of the stages involved in that process which can determine the quality of the outcome. As McHale Wiegand (2006) maintains, as more families become involved in end-of-life decisions, it is essential that current research be assessed, the gaps in knowledge be identified, and that new directions for ongoing research should be established. Little is actually known about the interaction of nurses with families in this situation; what is certain is that the interaction is not uniform and that nurses need to realize what will be most effective with families who are experiencing high levels of stress."
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Interventions Regarding the End of Life, 2008.
This paper discusses families' experiences in the withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a crucial event for persons responsible for end-of-life care decisions. Research into families' experiences with decisions to withdraw life sustaining interventions from a family member has indicated that the decisions made by the patient's immediate family can impact their perceptions and their psycho-social status. The writer discusses that appropriate educational and emotional support for families appears to improve their level of comfort regarding end-of-life decision-making and can facilitate the quality of the family's experience when dealing with difficult choices for a loved one. However, the literature in these areas demonstrates incongruity regarding how to best affect positive outlook among family members, and also the type of educational information needed and the methods required to deliver it. The writer therefore seeks to clarify which strategies are most effective in promoting a positive family experience when immediate family members make end-of-life decisions for a loved one receiving clinical health services.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Purpose
Literature Review
Research Question
Hypotheses
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Making decisions related to the withdrawal of life support in the ICU is one of the most demanding experiences the family will ever face. Nurses play a key role in the effectiveness of the decision making process and it is their understanding of the stages involved in that process which can determine the quality of the outcome. As McHale Wiegand maintains, as more families become involved in end-of-life decisions, it is essential that current research be assessed, the gaps in knowledge be identified, and that new directions for ongoing research should be established. Little is actually known about the interaction of nurses with families in this situation; what is certain is that the interaction is not uniform and that nurses need to realize what will be most effective with families who are experiencing high levels of stress."
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| Term Paper # 75601 |
temporarily unavailable
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Withdrawal In Crime Of Conspiracy, 1995.
This paper discusses the defense of withdrawal, or renunciation, in the crime of conspiracy in California and New York: Common law, Model Penal Code and the Melissa Frances case as an example.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 21 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the defense of withdrawal, or renunciation, in the crime of conspiracy. The paper will use the recent example of Melissa Frances, who became involved in a plot to hire a "hit man" to kill her husband. Frances was approached by the hit man, Christopher Brown, after Brown was allegedly hired by Frances' ex-husband, Clarence Wilkinson, to kill Frances. Frances agreed to pay Brown $15,500 for Wilkinson's murder, giving Brown $500 as a down payment and a knife to be used in the murder. She later backed out of the deal and retrieved the knife, but Brown threatened to kill Wilkinson anyway if she did not give him the rest of the agreed-to money. At this point the police found out about the plot; it is unclear from the newspaper article whether Frances informed them of the situation."
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Withdrawal from Iraq, 2008.
An argument in favor of American troops withdrawing from Iraq.
1,106 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of United States troops withdrawing from Iraq, as well as those for staying there. The paper describes the advantages of withdrawing and the disadvantages of staying. It argues strongly that the only possible course of action at this stage is for America to completely withdraw from the country.
From the Paper
"When American policymakers consider what must be done next, it is painfully evident that tolerating more brazen Bush Administration lies and cynical political manipulation is no solution. At this point, withdrawal is the only viable option. As Cillizza and White (2005) note, staying in Iraq will only make things worse there, and prevent the United States from adequately supporting the vulnerable Karzai government in Afghanistan, where the Taliban and Al Qaeda are stronger than they have been since 2001."
"In conclusion, the U.S. should begin a complete withdrawal of its troops from Iraq because there are no other realistic military or political options. As the civil war escalates between the Sunnis and Shi'ites, American forces will be forced to support one side or the other, which entails the risk of drawing Iran or other neighboring states into the war, which would unleash even more bloodshed and destabilize the region for decades."
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Withdrawing and Withholding of Medical Treatment, 2004.
This paper is a literature review discussing the withdrawing and withholding of medical treatment in adult intensive care (ICU).
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that withholding and withdrawing treatment appears to be more acceptable to physicians than that of shortening life. The author defines ?withholding treatment? as the decision either not to start or not to increase treatments that may sustain life, while ?withdrawing treatment? is defined as removing a life-sustaining intervention that is being used on a patient; ?active shortening? of the dying process is an act specifically performed to end life, such as an intentional overdose, which is not ?active euthanasia? because most ICU patients can not actively participate in the decision. The paper points out that the role of law is to articulate the minimum standards that professionals must achieve in the care of patients.
Table of Contents
Definition
Geographical Perspective
Ethics and Legal Considerations
Law and the Withholding or Withdrawal of Care
Physicians Personal Perspective
Summary
From the Paper
"For example, in the United States, the care of patients at the end of their lives has become care that actively involves the patient, or if the patient is unable to participate in the decision making process, those family members who hold power of attorney to make such decisions for them. In North America, there is a trend toward earlier abandonment of life sustaining therapies. In Europe, active euthanasia is common in the Netherlands and Belgium although it is practiced legally in only one European country. The overall incidence of the withdrawal of life sustaining measures in European ICUs is not known, although withholding and withdrawing life support is actively used by most European intensivists, shortening of the dying process remains rare."
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Social Support and Health, 2008.
This paper is a complete research project, which tested three hypotheses about the relationship of social support and health.
2,755 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that several reviews have reported social support to be inversely related to total and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and changes in cardiovascular reactivity based on the difference between task levels and baseline levels of cardiovascular indicators. The author reports that cardiovascular reactivity has been suggested as a potential mediator of the benefits of social support on health such that social support affects reactivity that in turn affects health. The paper describes the methodology by which (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity were manipulated given conditions of support, no-support or alone by using a computer challenge task. The author indicates that, for stress levels, it is clear that the difference between the means for all support variables was statistically significant. The paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Hypotheses
Method
Participants
Hemodynamic Recoding
Experimental Manipulation
Tasks/Challenges
Subjective Measures
Results
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Hypothesis 3
Discussion
From the Paper
"Since there are a equal number of males and females in the experiment, and we are interested in gender interaction (as a second variable), the randomized block design allows for the use of the two-way ANOVA; since we are interested in comparing the effects of the three support conditions on SBP reactivity with gender interaction. The two factor design will contain all the information necessary to conduct two separate one-way ANOVAs on the factors related to gender and the support factors, it will also contain additional information that will show how the two factors interact with each other in terms of the SBP reactivity."
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Child Support Distribution, 2002.
A discussion of the The Child Support Distribution Act of 2000.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the need for better enforcement of child support laws is evident through a survey that showed that fewer than one-fifth of inner-city children born to single teenage mothers receive child support from their fathers and often do not receive anything. It evaluates how the Child Support Distribution Act proposes a number of provisions that are beneficial to low-income children, families and non-custodial fathers. It examines how provisions promoting responsible fatherhood will help poorly-employed and unskilled fathers improve their ability to provide for their children and how important changes would also redirect child support to prioritize mothers and children over any state reimbursement. It looks at how Child Support Distribution Act was passed and referred to the Senate but has yet to be debated on the Senate floor.
From the Paper
"Current rules also prohibit single mothers and children from receiving child support payments if they are already receiving cash assistance through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. If any payments are made under these conditions, the government retains the money and no payments benefit his children. This rule bars children and their families from receiving potentially large amounts of much-needed child support. In 1998, states collected $2.6 billion in child support for families receiving TANF. However, only $282 million was passed along to the families and children for whom the money was intended."
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Combat Air Support, 2004.
This paper discusses the development and evolution of combat air support.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that aviation was only eleven years old when war broke out in 1914, but the obvious military potential of aircraft inspired a tremendous acceleration in aviation technology during the next four years. The author points out that the concept of combat air support, specifically coordinating offensive tactical air power with ground force operations, remained virtually non-existent until 1939 when the Nazis introduced the world to an even more frightening new form of warfare, which they called 'blitzkrieg'. The paper relates that, by the Gulf War in 1991, the AH-64 Apache helicopter gunship with its computer controlled, multiple target tracking systems and night vision capabilities rounded out the modern close air support and ground attack capabilities of the American military.
Table of Contents
The Origins of Military Aviation
The Luftwaffe Introduces Tactical Combat Close Air Support
The Evolution of Tactical Combat Air Support
Modern Combat Air Support
From the Paper
"The machine gun accounted for most of the casualties in World War I trenches, so in very short time, it was also adapted for use in aircraft, but it remained too difficult to employ effectively as a tactical weapon until the Germans introduced the interrupter gear that enabled accurate forward firing through the propeller. By war?s end, military aircraft had evolved to the point that squadrons of fast, nimble combat aircraft fought bitter duals to the death high above the battlefield. The British pioneered the development of maritime aircraft, even successfully deploying HMS Ark Royal (subsequently renamed Pegasus), the world?s first, albeit primitive, ?aircraft carrier? in limited combat."
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Public Support for the U.S. Military, 2001.
This paper looks at public support of the U.S. military action in the 1990s.
2,170 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the American public's support military involvement during the Clinton/Gore administration. The author looks at several gallop poll surveys taken to gauge the American public's support for military involvement in areas around the globe. The polls taken include questions about Kosovo, the Balkans, Panama and the Middle East. The results of these surveys show that although there was wide public support to keep the military strong and prepared during this administration, when it came to actually sending troops into battle, the support was mixed. This, the author states, is keeping with American tradition of wanting to have strong military, but avoiding unnecessary involvement in conflicts abroad.
From the Paper
"Thus when one asks the question of how high was the level of public support for U.S. military involvement during the Clinton/Gore administration, one must be content to allow for some measure of uncertainty in the answer. There is also, in this case, the fact that ?U.S. military involvement? is not a homogeneous principle. Some wars are in general considered to be ?good? wars. Most Americans think that their country did the right thing in World War II. The level of public support is much less, of course, for Vietnam. There are no doubt Americans who passionately believe that the United States has done the right thing by intervening in the Balkans but thinks that we should stay out of the Middle East, just as there are no doubt Americans who think that we should be much more activist in the Middle East but stay as far away as possible from the political, military and historical powder keg of the Balkans."
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Eating Disorder Support Groups, 2006.
A discussion on factors that influence the efficacy and participant satisfaction of eating disorder support groups.
10,992 words (approx. 44.0 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 217.95
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Abstract
This study examines online and face-to-face support groups to determine which factors best predict participant's satisfaction with the group experience. The paper examines how differences between face-to-face and online groups may be accounted for by differences in severity of disorders among clients. The writer proposes that this research is important, as online support groups expand their role in the provision of eating disorder support. The paper concludes that, in order to ensure that individuals with eating disorders have access to the best treatment available, it is advantageous to the mental health profession to determine who can benefit most from low-cost treatment resources.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement Of The Problem
Definition Of Terms
Literature Review
Dsm-Iv Diagnostic Criteria For Anorexia Nervosa
Dsm_Iv Diagnostic Criteria For Bulimia Nervosa
Dsm-Iv Research Criteria For Binge Eating Disorder
Bodywhy's Eating Disorder Support Group Services: An Overview
Factors Contributing To The Effectiveness Of Eating Disorder Groups: Review Of Current Research
Methodology
Design
Sample
Results
Data Analysis
Chapter 5
Discussion
Summary Of Findings And Implications For Future Research
Group Participant Variables
Group Variables
Limitations Of Study
Implications Of Research
Conclusion
Appendices
Informed Consent Letters For Group Participants
Appendix B
Demographic Information, Group Participation History And Eating Disorder History.
Client Satisfaction Inventory
Eating Attitudes Test
Catharsis Scale
References
From the Paper
"Bodywhys, The Eating Disorders Association of Ireland's face to face and online support groups, which are facilitated by trained volunteers, aims to provide eating disorder suffers and their families with an economically and geographically accessible environment for discussing feelings and common concerns, the expression of which Meehan, Wikes, and Howard (1995) identified as one of the foundations of recovery from eating disorders. Despite the longevity of this and other eating disorder support group programs, however, systematic research with such groups has been scant."
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