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Life Cycle Analysis of Banana, 2006.
An analysis of the problems of increased banana consumption. The paper explains the storage, transportation, distribution, consumption and waste disposal in banana production. The paper includes a discussion on the environmental burden.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that life cycle assessment is a tool to assess the extent of burden caused on the environment by a commodity (in this case, bananas). The main environmental concerns when growing bananas is the use of land and water. The greater the demand for the product, the more quality and quantity of fertilizers and pesticides are needed, the use of which causes the soil quality to deteriorate. The paper uses tables to show the uses and consequences of resources used in the production, storage and distribution of bananas. In conclusion, the writer recommends that environmentally friendly modes of transportation should be used to transport commodities like bananas and that proper planning based on demand and supply analysis would prevent the need for storage and consequent refrigeration, thereby using less electricity.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Life Cycle Analysis of Banana
- Definition of Problem
Inputs and Outputs of Banana
1. Cultivation
Table - I Inputs for Banana
2. Storage After the Yield
3. Mass Transportation
Table - II Inputs for Mass Transportation of Bananas
4. Sub - Storage Before the Distribution
5. Distribution at the Retail Outlets
6. Storage at Retail Outlets & Sales
7. Consumption & Disposal of Waste
Discussion on the Environmental Burden
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Year after year harvesting of crops and plantation deteriorates the soil quality and as a result of this the nutrient content of the plants and crops falls below the required level. Thirteen elements are absolutely essential for the growth, development and maturation of plants. ( HLS Tandon, 1995) These are: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium, Boron, Chlorine, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc. Repeated harvests cause depletion of these element contents in the soil and necessitate the use of fertilizers. The plantations are to be protected against the diseases caused by warms and pests by using pesticides. Over the years the requirement of these chemicals in harvesting of almost all types of crops and plants are increasing with the increasing demand for food items. The commercial companies around the globe exploting this rise in demand of fertilizer and pesticides. They invent new products and aggressively marketing them and producing them in mass quantity in their facilities located around the globe. The manufacturing, storage, transportation and use of hazardous chemicals for manufacturing these fertilizer and pesticides imposes lot of environmental burden. The emissions hazardous chemical gases from these facilities pollute the atmosphere depriving the humane being one of their vital needs of fresh air for breathing. The people living around thee facilities and the workers apply these fertilizer and pesticides to the plants, manufacturing, transporting are all affected by these chemicals and develop serious health problems. The liquid effluents send out from these facilities cause eutrophication and acidification of lakes and other water resources. (Gilbert M. Masters, 1995). These effluents mix oxygen-demanding wastes and water born diseases creating pathogens in to water resources. Artificial production of the thirteen elements discussed earlier is one of the reasons for the increase in Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the water resources near to these facilities."
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The Accounting Cycle of Canon Inc., 2007.
An look at the accounting cycle at Canon Inc. and the importance of the accounting cycle to an organization.
1,143 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of an accounting cycle for an organization. The paper first goes through the basic steps of the accounting cycle and then looks at them in detail with respect to the selected organization, Canon Inc. It describes how Canon Inc., which is a large organization, makes use of computerized accounting methods.
Table of Contents:
The Accounting Cycle
The Steps of the Accounting Cycle
The Accounting Cycle at Canon Inc.
From the Paper
"The basic purpose of an accounting department in an organization whether it is big (having an independent and separate department) or small (where accounting department is not even a possibility) is to keep a record of accounting data and then process this data into accounting/financial information by preparing financial statements. Keeping in view the basic accounting principles the financial statements should be prepared not only on a regular basis but also on a specific regular time interval (which remains on the discretion of the organization). To meet this objective a proper framework or a series of steps is required that regularizes the whole matter and this is exactly what the accounting cycle is; a series of steps beginning right from the recording of a simple transaction to the compilation of final statements and closing of the accounts."
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Austrian Business Cycle and Gold Standard, 2002.
An examination of the Austrian business cycle and the role that the gold standard plays in the cycle and the economy.
5,351 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how Austrians are staunch believers in the gold standard, which puts them in conflict with economists all over the world that favor the current system of fiat money. It looks at how the Austrian theory of the business cycle is based on the idea of an economy-wide disturbance that happens to the market process, resulting in a downturn that is cyclical, how Austrians place a great emphasis on their business cycle, and how their theory has withstood significant criticism. It discusses how Austrians support this type of economic readjustment because they believe that it eliminates weak firms and poor investments that negatively impact the economy.
From the Paper
"The Austrian's theory is intuitive but its simplification of the process makes further explanation necessary. In most economies, expansionary policies are undertaken more than once. This makes the situation more complex as individuals begin to expect inflation and act accordingly. When people begin to expect inflation, sometimes prices actually rise faster than new money is being created. The effect of this is to create a shortage of money in the economy. While policy makers may argue that this phenomenon is a sign that still more money should be put in circulation, Austrians strongly disagree. They maintain that increasing the money supply further will only worsen the problem (Rasho, 2003)."
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The Product Life Cycle, 2005.
This paper discusses the product life cycle, a marketing paradigm, which suggests that the life cycle of the product can be assessed through various temporal categorizations.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the main phases of the product life cycle are the introduction of the product or service, growth, the establishment of adulthood, and decline. Throughout this process, the product undergoes various changes in market strategy and customer attenuation. The author points out that opponents of the paradigm generally claim it is too general and does not provide an explanation for specific cases that do not follow the model. The paper stresses that, in reality, many products reach maturity, begin to decline, and then find new strength. A product also may skip from stage to stage without following a linear pattern; therefore, the product life cycle should perhaps be best construed as a general rule to which there are plenty of exceptions.
From the Paper
"During the growth stage, the product begins to be recognized and develops a sort of life of its own. Comparing the theoretical model to its biological underpinnings, one might say that this is the stage in which the product goes from id to ego and develops a consciousness of the external and environments. Personifying the product is of course
the point of the theory. Generally, during the growth stage the product gains competitors and a part in the market that is active."
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Software Testing In The Product Life Cycle, 2007.
A research analysis of the place of software testing in the development and life-cycle of a software product.
4,289 words (approx. 17.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to provide an overview of software testing throughout the development and life-cycle of a software product. It focuses on the need for testing and how testing fits into the software development life-cycle. The paper presents a research component that analyzes how to formulate a software testing strategy prior to deploying and releasing a software product.
Table of Contents:
Definitions and Terms in the Research
Objective
Introduction
Software Testing Overview
Purpose of Software Testing Categories
Life-cycle Phase Testing Categories
Software Testing Tools
Test Automation Overview
Product Life Cycle Test Automation
Product Life Cycle
Application Test Tools
Classic Testing Mistakes
Developing a Team of Testers is Key in Software Development and Testing
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The introduction of technology and features being developed in the rapid action which this occurs and to, at the same time, make improvement to the quality of the product and as well to respond to the issues of customers in product development is quite an initiative to undertake. Driving development and quality assurance of software are the technology market which is characterized by an extremely fast past and the revisions are released just as quickly. While quality is considered to be important in the high-tech marketplace new and robust features are considered even more important. (Ben-Yaacov and Gazlay, 2001) Four key measurements of the software product quality have been identified to be the technology, features, freedom from bugs and responsive support. (Ben-Yaacov and Gazlay, 2001)"
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Interest Rates & the Business Cycle, 2001.
Defines business cycle, theories and empirical relationships between interest rates and the cycle. 6 Diagrams.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"What economists term the business cycle has been the subject of much study since its emergence during the industrial revolution. The roller coaster behavior of growth in the economy has eluded full explanation and led to the development of a variety of schools of thought on the issue. While traditional economists focussed on money as the key cause of cyclical activity, more recent analysis has turned to technological shocks as the driving force behind the business cycle (Christiano and Fitzgerald, 1998). Despite the tendency of these most recent studies (referred to as real business cycle theory) to discount the causal relationship between interest rates and the..."
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Cycle of Life in 'Night Flying Woman', 2007.
A reflection on the role of the Ojibway cycle of life, as presented in Ignatia Broker's narrative 'Night Flying Woman'.
911 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer relates that Ojibway's concept of the cycle of life is demonstrated throughout Ignatia Broker's narrative, "Night Flying Woman". The writer points out that Broker highlights three major steps in the Ojibway's cycle of life and that she effectively illustrates the Ojibway's respect for this cycle. The author concludes that the narrative, 'Night Flying Woman' provides something for everyone to learn from, no matter what step of the cycle you are in.
From the Paper
"Birth and childhood of Ojibway children play an especially important role in the cycle of life for it is a time for the gaining of much knowledge, both for the present as well as the future. The birth of a child is imperative for the preservation of any group of people and is likely the reason Ojibway mothers usually have five children throughout their lives. Shortly after the birth of a child, the time for teaching of the tribe's ways can begin. Constant learning is encouraged at an early age when the children are made to watch the elders go about their lives, whether they be hard at work lacing strong birch-bark containers, winding string made from the bark of trees, or just talking amongst themselves and socializing with one another. This is made apparent when part of Oona's childhood is described early on in the narrative."
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The Policy Cycle, 2007.
This paper explores the relevance of the policy cycle model of public policy.
846 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the use of the policy cycle model in policy-making and examines its structure. The paper offers an analysis of how effectively the policy cycle approach explains the policy-making process. The paper then shows how the policy cycle model does not entirely achieve its stated aims and objectives.
From the Paper
"One of the main functions of the policy cycle is to assist public servants to develop public policy and guide it through government (Bridgman & Davis 2003, p. 102). Models such as the policy cycle approach generally serve a heuristic purpose, and are not intended to be an accurate account of how policy-making occurs (Fenna 1998, p. 62). Rather, as Colebatch (2002, p. 49) explains, policy cycle models are normative, and merely describe an ideological view of how public policy-making should occur. The policy cycle aims to assist policy-making by encouraging applied problem-solving and logic in the policy-making process (Howlett & Ramesh 2003, p. 13). With a model in place to guide public servants through this process, it is hoped that the task of policy-making is made more accessible and understandable."
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System Development Life-Cycle, 2004.
This paper presents an overview of the system development life-cycle (SDLC) approach to the development of information systems and software.
2,685 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses system development life-cycle (SDLC), an approach to developing an information system or software product characterized by a linear sequence of steps that progress from start to finish without revisiting any previous step. The author points out that the SDLC model is a project management tool, which is used to plan, execute, and control systems development projects. The paper reviews many models, including the Waterfall Model, which is built upon the basic steps associated with SDLC using a ?top-down? development cycle in completing the system and represents a traditional type of SDLC. Tables.
Table of Contents
Waterfall Model
Survivable Systems Analysis Model
Prototyping Model
The Exploratory Model
Spiral Model
FAST Methodology
PIECES Framework
Life Cycle Procedures
From the Paper
"Disadvantages identified by Walsham (1993) in relation to the Waterfall Model include that change to contract and costs must be renegotiated if such changes are made once construction has been initiated. As well, users must wait until the end of the project or until at least a major portion of it is complete, before observing the results. Finally, the early phases of the project often take much longer due to the time necessary to generate the detail necessary in the SSD. According to Kay (2002), another major problem associated with the Waterfall Model is that it assumes that the only role for users is in specifying requirements, and that all requirements can be specified in advance."
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Diesel Engine Cycle, 2004.
This paper examines the Diesel engine cycle, named after Rudolf Diesel.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer reviews the nature and functioning of the Diesel cycle. The writer discusses applications of the Diesel cycle through the use of Diesel engines. In this paper, the writer looks at applications of the Diesel engline cycle to both industry and consumers.
From the Paper
"This research reviews the Diesel cycle and considers applications of the Diesel cycle in industrial capacities and consumer uses. The findings of the research are presented in two major discussions. The initial discussion reviews the Diesel cycle while the second discussion considers the applications of the Diesel cycle. The diesel engine was developed in Germany by Rudolf Diesel. Although Diesel intended that the new type of engine would burn fossil fuels from the very beginning ... "
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"The Oedipus Cycle", 2002.
An examination of Sophocles' "The Oedipus Cycle".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Sophocles, The Oedipus Cycle. It argues that the cycle was written to demonstrate that the gods are unfair and should not be worshipped and obeyed.
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The Hydrologic Cycle, 2007.
An overview of the hydrologic cycle and a discussion of its various processes.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the hydrologic cycle is the term used to describe the continuous circulation of water in the Earth-atmosphere system. The paper then looks at how the most important processes that drive the hydrologic cycle are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation and runoff. The paper concludes that the extent to which people come to recognize the importance of water and the hydrologic cycle that drives it, will likely be the extent to which current and future conservation efforts will be successful.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview.
Hydrologic Processes.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the hydrologic cycle keeps things continually changing, some things remain relatively the same. For example, Fisher (2001) points out that even with all of this movement of water around the planet, everything tends to end up right back where it started when all is said and done. "In the Water Cycle game," he says, "fair or not, the oceans have and keep almost all the wealth. The total of all the fresh (that is, not salty) water on land, including lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, puddles, bathtubs, kitchen sinks, and all the water under the ground, comes to only 2.4% of Earth's water. The atmosphere contains the rest, only .001% (that's 1/100,000th), in the form of water vapor and clouds" (Fisher, 2001, p. 14). In fact, this author emphasizes that it is this infinitesimal percentage of the water that is suspended in the Earth's atmosphere at any given point time is what keeps the whole system operating."
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Life-Cycle Management, 2002.
Performs life-cycle assessments on two products - plastic bags and paper bags.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
Plastic and paper bags are considered to be substitutes for one another. The end objective of the life-cycle assessments performed on the two products in this paper, is to compare the life-cycle costs of the two products for the purpose of recommending a production strategy for a company that produces bags. Following life-cycle assessments for paper bags and plastic bags, the two products are compared, with the emphasis placed on the full costs of the products for the manufacturing company. Recommendations and conclusions based on this comparison are then presented. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"The substance releases associated with the manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of paper bags create a number of stressors. These stressors, in turn, have an impact on the ecology, human and other animal welfare, and resource conservation. The magnitude of releases into the air, water, and land are not enormous; however, the are nevertheless substantial."
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Product Life Cycle: Dryel, 2002.
This paper discusses the stages of a product's life cycle, using P & G's Dryel as an example.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The stages of a product life cycle, reflected in trends of sales, are examined using Proctor and Gamble's product "Dryel" as an example. The Introductory, Growth, Maturity and Decline stages are discussed, as well as strategies for extending profitability during the last stage of a product's life cycle.
From the Paper
"Every new product is subject to various trends that reflect the demand by consumers for that particular product. Each trend or stage is defined by changes in unit sales of the product. Firms usually witness dissimilar rates of sales as a product evolves thru introductory (development) stage, growth stage, maturity stage and finally the decline stage. These stages are the trends that define a products life, or as industry analysts have named it, the Product Life Cycle (PLC). Graphically, the typical product life cycle resembles an S-curve, each point on the curve representing various stages in the life of a product. Firms use the PLC for marketing purposes as the PLC helps the firm develop its strategy. Product management differs over the different stages of a products life. Every new product or invention is subject to such a life cycle, just as cassette tapes replaced the infamous 8-track, compact discs (CD?s) are replacing cassette tapes. This paper discusses in detail the various stages of the Product Life Cycle and how the PLC pertains to P&G?s brand Dryel, as well as addressing some of the many strategies firms use to extend a products life."
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Life Cycle of Stars, 2008.
This paper describes the life cycle of stars, which is a normal progression.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that stars have a life cycle that is simply too long for human life to perceive directly and even too long for all of human history to record. The author points out that astronomers have been able to categorize stars to show the different levels of development reached by different groups of stars. The paper relates that, over billions of years, the star slowly contracts, compensating for the heat and light energy it has lost. The author underscores that, as this contraction continues, the temperature, density and pressure at the core of the star increases. The paper tells that, as the temperature at the core rises and the star contracts, the tension between gravity pulling in and gas pressure pushing out determines the life of the star. The author describes this process through the star's life cycle from protostar to black holes.
From the Paper
"At this stage, the star is called a planetary nebula. The core of this star becomes a whiter dwarf, an extremely dense star now the size of a planet. Once the white dwarf uses all its energy, it stops shining and becomes a "black dwarf," or a dead star. Astronomers see this as the final stage for our own Sun. however, for stars with higher masses than the Sun (up to about 40 times greater), the outer layers of the star may be thrown off with much more force in a supernova, an explosion leading to the collapse of the star down to a very compact size, producing what is known as a "neutron star."
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