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Liberalism, Marxism and Feminism in Canada, 2008.
A comparison of Marxist, feminist and liberal approaches to social policy in Canada from the first nations period to the present.
1,453 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Marxist, liberal and feminist approaches that are all concerned with the needs of the oppressed. The paper looks at the liberal perspective that is especially focused on the individual's human rights and highlights its similarities and differences to the Marxist approach of the capitalist and class system. The paper discusses the feminist perspective that is primarily concerned with patriarchy and women's oppression and notes the similarities and central differences to the other perspectives.
From the Paper
"The Marxist, liberal, and feminist approaches share a pivotal characteristic in common in that all three are concerned with the needs of the oppressed. The liberal perspective is especially focused on the individual's human rights. Overall, "the Liberal Party was ultimately successful in identifying public needs, designing solutions to national social problems, and finally implementing programs". When the Liberals developed their system of social security, they did so as one aspect of a comprehensive national policy designed for social improvement. In sharp contrast to the Marxist approach, the liberal perspective is accepting of the capitalist system as not only necessary but as beneficial for the disadvantaged classes. The Liberal Party worked in stages to achieve the welfare state, the first phase being made up of National Health Grants, along with the later expansions in 1951 of the old-age pension program, and the emergence of hospital insurance in 1957."
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Liberalism vs. Marxism, 2005.
This paper discusses theoretical differences between Liberalism and Marxism on the question of state formation, its function and especially its future, the withering away of the "state".
4,625 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Marxist theory of the state is not only consistent with the understanding of society but also consistent with the historical facts, which reveals that the state is exploitative and infused with acute class bias, serving a particular end. The author points out that Liberalism falls short because it is an effort of the ruling class to replace the truth with lies and hide unpleasantness by portraying the state to be a need of society when it is really the need of only a certain class. The paper concludes that the reality of the state is only understood when it is analyzed through the lens of history, which is what Marxism does; a stateless society is not a fairy tale but a reality that existed in the past and will in the future, when it no longer serves one class. Chart. Many quotes.
Table of Contents
Liberalism
Marxism
Liberalism and the Development of the Social Contract Theory:
How does the State Wither Away According to Marx?
From the Paper
"Having turned the whole relation as it was understood upside down, Marx put forth that the civil society is "the real bedrock, real stage of history" . The state, envisioned to be a glorious classless entity, is in reality a political formation resulting from class struggles that are continuously developing in the heart of civil society. It is the "organ of a given system of production based upon a predominant form of property ownership, which invests the state with a specific class bias" . Thus, it is really the instrument, the organized political expression of the ruling economic class in the economy. Consequently, Marxism asserts that it is not the final stage in the process of human evolution or "an absolute and eternal being" , but a part of a stage bound to disappear as historical conditions change."
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Liberal Feminism vs. Lesbian Feminism, 2002.
This essay focuses on two prime theoretical aspects of feminism, namely liberal feminism and lesbian feminism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Both the theories acknowledge the fact that women have long been oppressed by predominant male attitudes and ideas, as well as an essentially patriarchal societal structure. The former theory is reformist in the sense that it seeks to work within the existing system, and wants to modify it in order to ensure women have equal opportunities as men, be they in education, career, or politics. The latter's focus is on giving women their unique sexual identity by challenging the imposition of heterosexuality and giving lesbianism its due recognition.
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Liberalism versus Feminism, 2004.
The paper is a comparative analysis of the various philosophies of liberalism and feminism.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that feminism and liberalism often have been intertwined epistemologically because, in a liberal view, the basic task of government is to protect the equal liberty of citizens and equal rights in the total system of basic liberties. The author points out that feminism, as a liberal philosophy of social rights, really only emerged in the United States in the 1970s, a decade behind the rise of the American women's movement in the 1960s. The paper stresses that, liberal Western philosophy is derived from the experience of predominantly white and heterosexual men; therefore, feminist philosophical forms, unlike past forms of liberalism, first have had to critique established views of the "self," rather than to accept the existence of the "self" as a given, and then define the best ways to protect these rights.
From the Paper
"A politician of a centrist bent may be called a liberal if he or she allows that gays and lesbians should be permitted to legally wed. A woman who runs her own business may be called a feminist. However, these individual's real political convictions may bear little resemblance to such great liberal thinkers as John Rawls and John Stuart Mill and to such self-identified feminists as Naomi Wolf and Luce Irigaray. Rawls and Mill, Wolf and Irigaray themselves span quite different areas of the political spectrum, not in terms of its continuum of liberal versus conservative, but the fact that Irigaray might deny that such a creation of a continuum of liberal v. conservative, feminist v. anti-feminist is itself a male creation, part of the polarizing, dual discourse of patriarchy."
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Liberal Feminism and Critical Race Theory, 2002.
Compares and discusses two theories - liberal feminism and critical race theory and their effect on society.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
It will be argued that, while liberal feminism presents useful insights into the general workings of patriarchy in our society, it lacks the detailed modes of analysis of critical race theory. As such, the latter represents a more significant feminist challenge to existing oppressive power structures in our society.
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Liberal Feminism and the Division of Labor, 2002.
A look at liberal feminist perspective on gender segregation in labour.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the liberal feminist perspective on gender segregation in labour. It argues that liberal feminist perspectives are inadequate in pointing to the real problems that oppress women.
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Liberalism and Neo-liberalism, 2005.
This paper discusses theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in international politics.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in international politics. The writer discusses neo-liberalism as based in liberal democracy. The writer identifies limits of both theories. Further, the writer discusses major problems and limitations with each theory.
From the Paper
"According to sociologists, market-based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm embodying first liberalism and later neo-liberalism. The purpose of this report is to discuss the theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in studying international politics and to identify the limitations of these approaches. All such theories in the context of international relations are designed to solve the problems and puzzles of state behavior by offering a causal account of a particular outcome or pattern of behavior in ... "
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Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, and International Politics, 2005.
An overview of the relationship between liberal and neo-liberal theories and international politics.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
According to sociologists, since the 1970s, market-based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm embodying first, liberalism, and later, neo-liberalism. The purpose of this report is to discuss the theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in studying international politics and to identify the limitations of these approaches.
From the Paper
"In neoliberalism, which developed in the final decades of the twentieth century, a set of economic principles became part of the accepted framework for thinking about and acting upon both the economy and the relations of states to one another. Neoliberalism assumed that a positive outcome both economically and politically would be generated through a wave of reforms ? privatizations, dismantling of social welfare programs, the retreat of the state from economic regulation, tax cuts, and the opening of national boundaries."
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Neo-Liberalism, Social Welfare and Feminization of Poverty, 2005.
The paper examines neo-liberalism, social welfare in Toronto, and the feminization of poverty.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper examines neo-liberal economics and their effects towards feminization and racialization of poverty in the Greater Toronto Area. The focus is on single mothers, a changed environment in a city close to ghettoization and the extreme difficulty of leaving the welfare system. Part of the paper includes a report on fieldwork undertaken involving discussions with welfare workers critical of the system and welfare mothers. Troubling factors include a changed Toronto culture in which the poor and their situations are not known by other citizens. Future implications are discussed.
From the Paper
"Neo-liberal economic and social welfare policies have aggravated the feminization and to a degree, a racialization of Canadian poverty, as affects greatly single mothers with dependent children. In Toronto, some factors preceded local budgetary reductions, including federal reductions in place for almost two decades. (See O'Neill: 1998, Yalnizyan: 1998) Moreover, women now face a changed culture that is less understanding of poverty, or empathetic towards the poor. Jim Stanford mentioned, a decade ago, a failure to understand that recession unemployment was not a temporary phenomenon but signaled lost, i.e. absent employment opportunities, in keeping with shifts.."
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?Liberated Parents, Liberated Children?, 2004.
A review of the book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish, which discusses their experiences attending a series of parent workshops given by child psychologist, Dr. Ginott. It looks at how its approach to parenting appears to be very simplistic in nature: do not control your children, but rather respect them for their individuality and uniqueness. It discusses how punishment is not an effective tool for establishing a trusting relationship, nor is a power trip, or being too protective or defensive. It shows how an adversarial relationship with a child will normally escalate or deteriorate as he/she gets older and becomes more defensive and less intimidated.
From the Paper
"Similarly, a child?s autonomy need not threaten a parent. Dr. Ginott saids, ?We help most by not helping.? How many parents are afraid of what will happen if their children fail? If their school project is not perfect or if their hair is sticking up or they wear clothes that are wrinkled? The problem is that the parents? self-esteem is so wrapped up in their children?s success or failure that it is taken as a personal affront. If the son a daughter does not make the team or get invited to a party, it is as if the parent did not make the grade. The child who is better prepared for the future is the one who has to remember to return his/her books to the library, finish a homework assignment or even makes the same mistake over again."
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?Liberated Parents, Liberated Children?, 2004.
A review of the parenting book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how authors Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish wrote their counter-cultural book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", regarding tips and tactics for parents to use as they raised children before the term ?counter-cultural? had become politically correct. It looks at how, in 1974, when the majority of children were being raised under the questionable, permissive advice of Dr. Spock, these authors focused on another aspect of child rearing. It looks at how they were significantly influenced by child psychologist Haim Ginott ,who believed that it was the emotional well-being of the child that would guide his actions.
From the Paper
"This differentiation between giving of ourselves to our children, and giving ourselves over to our children is the delicate line which Mazlish and Faber walk throughout their book as they discuss skills for parents to learn to build emotionally balanced and self-secure children. The approach which encourages parents to remain in their authority role in the child?s life, as well as equips the parent to connect with the child?s feeling is the element of this book which sets it apart from other works. Dr. Spock taught parents to reason with their children rather than correct them. By doing so, the well intentioned doctor instructed parents to abdicate an important role in their children?s development, which is the role of authority to which the child is accountable."
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Transnational Feminism, 2006.
A discussion of transnational feminism - feminism in the era of globalization.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper uses the quote: "Culture...consists in the way analogies are drawn between things, in the way certain thoughts are used to think others" as a focal point to make a connection between Shohat's argument that globalization just be seen as part of the much longer history of colonialism, and the sexualization of female bodies in popular culture. The paper analyzes gendered politics of power that position women differently than men, comparing to narratives of progress, development, the modern, social evolution and their opposing narratives (i.e. primitive, underdeveloped, backward uncivilized, caught in a timeless past). The paper concludes that in order for feminism to become transnational the elite women in the richer countries must be able to consider and conceive the plight of the rural women in a third world country and what their specific needs might be, even though those may be very different from their own.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
The Feminist Agenda: Transnational Feminism
Women's Organizations: Whose Agenda Calls the Tune?
Transnational Feminism: Different Cultures and Different Definitions
Colonialism and Globalization: Same or Different Agenda?
Globalization's Agenda
Women in the New Millennium
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a work in writing that addresses the agenda of the transnational feminist against war the author Bachetta et al (2001) states that the first thing that must be done in reaching the goals set forth that first the thorough analysis of the "gendered and racialized effects of nationalism" must be addressed. Brenner writes that "Capitalist Globalization has had a profound yet contradictory impact on women's lives and on the possibilities for contesting male domination in both the core and periphery of the world capitalist system." And she states that "women's life conditions are in many respects growing worse.""
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Liberalism: Past and Present, 2004.
Examines a 1764 pamphlet on the ideas of liberalism and shows how these ideas differ from the concept of liberalism today.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
Liberalism has always encompassed the basic premise that individuals are fundamentally free. The political concept of liberalism has gone through some changes over the centuries, but the philosophical concept of liberalism has remained mostly unaltered. The paper shows that the ways in which liberal ideas were put into practice during the infancy of American civilization are illustrated through a widely acclaimed pamphlet written by Governor Stephen Hopkins and published by William Goddard, entitled ?The Rights of Colonies Examined.? This pamphlet was put into publication on December 22, 1764, and consecutive editions ran in 1765 and 1766. The paper explains that the pamphlet was written in response to the imposed Revenue Act of 1764, as well as a proposed Stamp Act, which would have only caused undue economic burdens on the American colonies. The paper shows, therefore, that the liberalism expressed at this point of history is different from contemporary liberalism, both politically and practically.
From the Paper
"The pamphlet argued that the equal privileges and rights held by those in America are held as ?inherent indefeasible rights?, and as free-born subjects, are naturally entitled to rights outlined in the British Constitution. However, the author suggested that the liberty situation among the American colonies seems to be changing for the worst. It was explained how the British ministry, for some unknown reason, had passed an act that limited and hindered trade of the American colonies, and also resolved that taxes, including a duty on stamps, was necessary. This was seen as undermining the principles of liberty the colonies, as well as the British constitution, were built upon."
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Liberalism: Great or Horrible, 2006.
A critique on liberalism based on the teachings of religion and the doctrines of Karl Marx.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper states that liberalism is a subject on which people have varying views and one which some philosophers and interest groups support. The paper then continues and discusses how other thinkers and individuals find liberalism to be lacking. This is either because liberalism, in their opinion, is flawed or they simply find that liberalism does not meet their personal needs. The paper specifically discusses Karl Marx's critique on liberalism, explaining that it is based on his understanding of the position of the economically deprived. Moreover, the paper compares Marx's views on liberalism with those of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the views on liberalism that might be held by a religious person. The paper concludes that liberalism seems to be a good system of government for the present time, and while liberalism may not always be the best system of government, it seems be the best option for present day society.
From the Paper
" Marx believes that these fears move the wheels of society. This view varies from Hobbes, who believes that humans' fear and vulnerability is what makes all of us equal. Marx also firmly believes that in the modes of production there are many inequalities. Marx attests that inequalities are due to fact that the individual is kept un-free in capitalistic, money-driven societies. "This realm of natural necessity expands with his development, because his needs do too; but the productive forces to satisfy these expand at the same time". In this type of system Marx believes there is no need for humans to possess any kind of individuality, and that all creative forces are quashed. Marx again traces this back to the idea that capitalism has no need for the masses to possess any kind of individuality. Instead, he asserts that capitalism not only causes, but also encourages, the masses to be constantly producing. Marx gives an example of the concept of mass production; the example he offers is the assembly line. Marx also believes that the Capitalist's main goal is to take as much surplus value from labor as they possible can. Marx basically does not find liberalism to be a good system because he does not agree with the capitalistic system and he does not think that work defines human beings. He asserts that what one does to economically support him- or herself and family should not define the individual as a person, but the mere fact of being an individual human being should be what defines each member of society separately and uniquely. This is because Marx believes that individuals are not free and do not choose their jobs. This means that individuals are defined by not-choosing. Also, jobs are just a means to an economic end, and human creativity should instead be the end. In a capitalist government, the state enslaves the individual to his or her job and controls the person through it."
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Feminism in Native America, 2007.
An analysis of feminism in Native America and its impact on native communities.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses feminism in Native America. It begins by describing various forms of feminism and discussing three waves of feminism. It then links feminism in Native America to the third wave, which includes ecofeminism, postcolonial feminism, generational, youth feminism and embodiment, nature, culture and dualism. The paper goes on to discuss the implications of this form of feminism on the native communities.
From the Paper
"Regardless of its origins in Native communities, sexism operates with full force today and requires strategies that directly address it. Smith believes that before Native peoples fight for the future of their nations, they must decide who is included in the nation. Gender justice is often articulated as being a separate issue from issues of survival for indigenous peoples, and such an understanding presupposes that "we could actually decolonize without addressing sexism, which ignores the fact that it has been precisely through gender violence that we have lost our lands in the first place," argues Smith."
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