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The Lesbian and Feminist Theory, 2006.
This paper examines lesbianism and feminism, based on an article by Cheshire Calhoun.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes a report by Cheshire Calhoun entitled "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" on differences between lesbianism and feminism and why these differences matter when discussing their problems. The report discusses the issue of male oppression and the various theoretical constructs used to examine these issues in society today, with reference to certain specific theorists.
From the Paper
"Cheshire Calhoun in her article "Separating Lesbian Theory from Feminist Theory" begins by citing Heidi Hartmann to the effect that Marxism and feminism had become conjoined, leading to a consideration of the nature of lesbian feminism and its relationship to Marxism and to other theoretical constructs. Many Marxist theorists have seen lesbianism as a feminist resistance to male dominance, while few lesbian theorists now see the issue in that light. Instead, they see the issue more and more in terms of women's relation to women and to a number of oppositions among lesbians as among others in society, addressing issues of ageism, racism, anti-Semitism and so on."
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The Lesbian Theory of Literary Critique, 2008.
This paper evaluates the definitional limitations within lesbian theory as a method of literary critique.
4,695 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that lesbian theory has struggled with definition. The author points out that, by its very nature, lesbian theory addresses the notion of the lesbian as 'an other', an entity marginalized beyond the dominant, patriarchal center of society. The paper stresses that, because the lesbian theory asserts its own ability to independently encompass the lesbian experience, this theory fails to acknowledge the complex and fluid nature of this otherness. The author relates that another more fundamental flaw is that, because it tries to empower the lesbian who finds her words relegated to the darker corners of the literary world, too often the theory tends toward a complete avoidance of exclusivity. The paper applies several existing modes of lesbian theory to Alicia Gaspar de Alba's book "Desert Blood" and to the poems of Emily Dickinson to reveal the extent to which these definitional flaws must be addressed.
From the Paper
"In "The Safe Sea of Women", Bonnie Zimmerman discusses the poem "I showed her Heights she never saw" by Emily Dickinson, calling it, "suggestively lesbian". Similarly, in "What is Lesbian Literature?", Lillian Faderman cites the poem "Her sweet Weight on my Heart at Night" as reason to include Dickinson's work in the canon of lesbian fiction even though, "there are no explicit suggestions of lesbian sexual relations in her poems." . Thus, both Zimmerman and Faderman assume the authority to label these poems as lesbian texts based entirely on personal assumptions made about Dickinson."
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Feminist and Anti-Feminist Films, 2005.
An analysis of the themes of male protection against male violence in the films, "Something Wild" and "Thelma and Louise".
742 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how good outlaws who are on the run from the law are a typical theme of American cinema and how both "Something Wild," directed by Jonathan Demme, and "Thelma and Louise," directed by Ridley Scott, are of the 'road movie' genre, which features the American myth of the open road and free and easy access to changing one's life through motion.
From the Paper
"Thus, both films deal with a problem-if feminism is about women's rights, what of women's rights if the law, for both men and women, is so often wrong. One reason both films provide different answers is that Something Wild involves a male and a female, while Thelma and Louise involves two females. Something Wild suggests that the female is only capable of full motion and movement on the open road in the presence of a male, while the plot of Thelma and Louise suggests that the road provides a potential means of escape for both men and women, and that the presence of men such as the cowboy/drifter of Brad Pitt can sunder female closeness."
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Queer Legal Theory, 2002.
A discussion of The 21st Century?s New Liberationist Theory and how it affects the gay community.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
An examination of the development of Queer Legal Theory in the 21st Century. This paper considers the benefit of forming alliances with previously well established theories such as: Critical Race Theory and Feminist Legal Theory. The recent development of gay and lesbian communities within mainstream society has contributed to the dismantling of invisibility and isolation. Within these communities, gays and lesbians have begun to seek legal reform in attempts to end the discrimination and oppression aimed at their communities. While QLT provides great promise independently, the potential exists for even greater reform through the joint efforts of Feminist, Critical Race and Queer Legal Theories working together to acknowledge their common oppressors and achieve their common goals.
From the Paper
"Within the realm of social sciences there exists a multitude of theories concerning nearly every aspect of human life and interaction. The purpose of these often conflicting or overlapping theories is to provide guidelines for critically examining specific issues of interest. Theories serve to organize and simply information and to guide our perceptions through the process of investigation. Within the domain of law and society, theories help to identify the roots of social conditions, define common goals, and to aid in the understanding of how the law impacts specific social groups and vice versa. Often minority groups develop theories that aim to explain their social condition and which propose methods of law reform targeted at improving their condition. Historically these groups have been isolated, oppressed and discriminated against in both the social and legal spheres. Over time the walls of isolation break down allowing individuals to join others and form sub-cultures and communities. It is with the development of such communities that minority groups begin their uphill battles against oppression and discrimination. The most well known theories originating in this manner are Feminist Theory and Critical Race Theory."
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Lesbianism, 2002.
Examines theories on the 'causes' of lesbianism.
1,078 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on lesbianism within the context of the genetic/biological and environmental causal explanation models which are being explored in professional literature. The paper demonstrates that rather than attributing lesbianism to some ill-defined impetus toward deviance or, in extreme cases, "sin," it is more appropriate and accurate to explore both the genetic/biological and environmental theories which are inherently non-judgmental toward lesbians.
From the Paper
"Since 1972, mental health professionals have been engaged in assessing and then reassessing the status of homosexuality in mental health. During the last three decades, causal explanations of lesbianism have been conceptualized as emerging from a disorder, a possible disorder, and most recently as neutral in terms of the mental status of an individual (Throckmorton, 283). In the past century, homosexuality in general as well as lesbianism in particular has provoked concern, fascination, and often repulsion. Physicians, mental health professionals, civic and religious leaders, and members of the general public have often exhibited a propensity toward treating lesbianism within the constructs of the "disease model" (Throckmorton, 284)."
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Works by Early Writers Considered to be Lesbians, 2000.
An examination of 'lesbian' literary works in history using a passage from Bonnie Zimmerman?s essay, ?Lesbians Like This and That: Some Notes on Lesbian Criticism for the Nineties? as a basis for analysis.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 30.95
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From the Paper
"The seventeenth century poem "To My Excellent Lucasia, On Our Friendship" by Katherine Philips was considered by her contemporaries as ?a pure expression of idealized, platonic love" (Faderman 18).. A nineteenth century poem by Emily Dickinson was denied as lesbian by many twentieth century critics(43). The twentieth century novel Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall typified the medical inversion of lesbianism."
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Health Issues of d Lesbians, 2003.
A discussion on health issues for lesbians and specifically lesbians between the ages of 35-55.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses physical and mental health issues for middle-aged lesbians, specifically women between the ages of 35-55. It discusses health risks for lesbians in general, and then for middle aged lesbians. It also examines the impact of homophobia on provision of health care services.
From the Paper
"According to the Institute of Medicine IOM identifying the physical and mental health issues of lesbians in general and middle aged lesbians in particular is important because while lesbians clearly share many of the ..."
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Marketing Power of the Lesbian Community, 2007.
Summarizes and discusses the articles, "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity", by Fred Fejes and "Commodity Lesbianism", by Danae Clark.
858 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at two articles dealing with the growing economic, political and marketing power of the lesbian/gay community: "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity" and "Commodity Lesbianism". The writer explains that the gay and lesbian communities are finding themselves more recognized in society because marketers and advertisers have seen the importance of the demographic for marketing campaigns. The writer suggests that this new-found attention from the marketing community has produced some interesting social and political effects. In conclusion the article suggests that capitalism is creating a new identity for the the lesbian/gay community and that this identity is built on the recognition of the lesbian community as a viable and important market that can be exploited.
From the Paper
"In "Advertising and the Political Economy of Lesbian/Gay Identity" Fred Fejes examines the complicated relationship that gays and lesbians have developed between political agency and economic power. In fact, the interesting point that Fejes makes is that it may be that gays and lesbians are gaining political equality and clout not through traditional economic means. Other minority and disenfranchised groups have, in the past, developed political equality because they have controlled some aspect of economic production and/or capital. This is not the case with the gay and lesbian communities, Fejes argues. Instead, this group is gaining political ground because mainstream society is beginning to recognize the important market position of these individuals as consumers."
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Feminist Theory and Abortion, 2008.
A discussion on abortion in light of feminist theory.
3,002 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper seeks to take a critical look at feminist theory in light of the second wave of feminism by breaking down feminism into its various belief systems and foundations. A short section on feminist bioethics is also presented including its history and foundation. The next section of the paper focuses on abortion in light of feminist theory. The paper then concludes with a personal discussion on the author's agreement with the pro-choice feminist theory on abortion. While theory and foundations on feminism are presented for both pro-choice and pro-life feminist theory, this writer believes that the maintenance of a pro-choice feminist ideology is critical.
Outline:
Abstract
Feminist Theory and Feminism
Feminist Bioethics
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - US
Abortion in Light of Feminist Theory - International
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Statement
This Writer as 'Pro-Choice' - Personal Ideology
From the Paper
"Stewart (2003) tells us that from the late 1960s into the 1970s, feminists started developing their own theory as to what feminism was, but by the 190s, there were conflicting opinions and viewpoints on the best way to challenge the patriarchy. Ermarth (2000) comments on the differing viewpoints of feminism that are all individual components of the "feminist umbrella" she refers to as 'identity politics.' To Ermarth (2000), how one identifies themselves determines their concept of feminism. Ermarth (2000) tells us that feminism can take on any meaning, although the most common refers to the social factors related to male supremacy and an opposition to any kind of domination. "
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Substance Abuse Among Lesbians, 2007.
A discussion on substance abuse as it affects the lesbian community, to discover if lesbians are, in fact, prone to a higher rate of substance abuse.
2,606 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how substance abuse has touched every demographic of America. This paper further discusses the trends and issues regarding substance abuse affecting specifically the lesbian group. The paper provides an overview of alcohol abuse in lesbians, as well as the "coming out" factor of substance abuse in lesbians. The writer recommends additional research and appropriate support programs. The paper examines how policy changes can better protect the lesbian population from discrimination and the associated stressors.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
Trends and Issues
Alcohol Abuse in Lesbians
'Coming Out' as a Factor in Substance Abuse
Treatment: A Call for Additional Research
Implications for Research, Support and Policy
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Research concerning substance abuse amongst lesbians often center on regional data. There are challenges that face substance abuse research when discussing the specific population of lesbians, however. The term 'lesbian' alone often causes confusion as it is somewhat ambiguous. In addition to this challenge, sexual orientation in research is self-reported, leading to errors, especially in subjects who may fear the stigma of being labeled as a lesbian."
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Feminist Therapy, 2006.
Looks at feminist therapy in the context of a critique of the original psychological branches and the benefits feminist therapy has to its main clientele, women.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, with the second wave of feminism, women were tired of being told that they were psychologically deficient because they were women, which led to the founding of a new therapy practice called feminist therapy, a specific branch related to feminist practices. The author points out that, based on many original psychological theories and techniques, feminist therapy seeks to empower women to change negative coping strategies and symptoms into effective ways to counter patriarchy and other forms of societal oppression. The paper relates that, in the feminist therapeutic relationship, the key is to have an open dialogue and engagement between the client and therapist as well as seeking to reduce power imbalances to improve the quality of the therapeutic relationship.
From the Paper
"Symptoms are viewed as a way to cope with the pain associated with living in an oppressive society. Feminist counselors believe that symptoms result as the ways the clients know how to cope with life stressors caused by patriarchal systems and believe that "symptoms may emerge as a consequence of coping with conflicting nontraditional and traditional demands of multiple roles" or that "symptoms often reflect influence strategies that were taught or modeled by others in the environment.""
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Feminist Ethics, 2003.
An overview of feminist ethics and how the issue is viewed in contemporary feminist circles.
3,314 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
Women have suffered from the effects of discriminatory employment practices throughout the history of America. Women have traditionally earned less and enjoyed fewer management positions than their male counterparts. The reactions from the feminist community in response to this inequitable share of the American pie have caused a number of misperceptions to develop regarding both the intent and the purpose behind the feminist movement. This paper provides an overview of feminist ethics, followed by an assessment of how the issue is viewed by contemporary feminist authors and observers. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Tong says that in order for women to develop a new sense of identity and purpose, they must adopt some new ways of thinking about how the male and female roles have evolved through the ages, and what effect these roles have had on our society today. Tong makes the point that when hard-pressed, even the most ardent feminist, like a Democrat or Republican, might have a difficult time defining precisely what the term means. For this author, feminism is not a monolithic ideology that is restricted to one aspect of these traditional relationships, rather it is one that must recognize everyone?s stake in the outcome."
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Feminist Art and the Avant-Garde, 2002.
A discussion of the emergence of radical feminist art and militant feminist artists of the 1970s.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Discusses emergence of radical feminist art & militant feminist artists of the 1970s. Work of Nancy Ellison, Alice Baber, Judy Chicago. Significant exhibitions including (Women Choose Women. Erotic Art by Women. Sexual Politics). Response & confrontation of the new avant-garde art. Major themes of 1970s feminist art. Political and aesthetic aspects.
From the Paper
"Feminist Art and the Avant-Garde
It has been noted that the artist-driven nature of radical art exhibitions that reigned by the late 1960s, when museum and gallery curators were increasingly usurping the role of the impresario, museums themselves were replacing galleries as venues, and formerly subversive artists were becoming ?tamed? by a ?society of mass consumption" (Altshuler, p. 220). While this statement is undoubtedly true, it is also true that with the emergence of radical feminist art and militant feminist artists in the 1970s, a new spirit of the avant-garde was born. The story of the avant-garde has typically been one of ?mutual support among a community and reception of art by a public, all participants enmeshed in systems of personal and economic relations (Altshuler, p. 8)."
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Lesbian Parenting and Families, 2002.
This paper discusses lesbian parenting as a unique function in society.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
While many forces in our culture have traditionally opposed lesbian parenting, let alone lesbianism itself, lesbian parenting is now growing as an acceptable phenomenon. While much discrimination against homosexuality, and therefore lesbian parenting, prevails, the evidence suggests that none of the negative premises about lesbian parenting are true.
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Diversity in the Feminist Movement, 2002.
Discusses the different philosophies and schools of thought which make up the feminist movement.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Feminist theory is a generalized, wide-ranging system of ideas about social life and human experience developed from a woman-centered perspective. By definition, feminist theory emerges from within an interdisciplinary community that includes scholars from a variety of disciplines. Feminist scholars work, first of all, to develop their own discipline (sociology) by taking into account the diverse work of Feminist theorists. Secondly, Feminist scholars seek to develop a critical understanding of society in order to effect change and make the world more just and humane.
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