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"Lean & Mean" by Bennett Harrison, 1996.
Critical review of work on corp. restructuring & flexibility, global economy, myth of small companies, evolution of capitalism.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"In Lean and Mean Bennett Harrison, a political economist who specializes in corporate restructuring, argues that despite current talk to the contrary, it is still big companies who are responsible for creating new jobs (5). Small companies, according to Harrison's research, retain their traditional role as suppliers. The production and selling of central commodities which Harrison identifies as those visible in nearly every home, commodities such as television sets and cars, provides clues as to which industries will generate the most profit (6). What has begun to happen is that global networking has created the Grand Alliance with megacorporations such as Philips, Thomson, and NBC banding together to share technological and financial tips allowing them to increase the efficiency of their large scale..."
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Lean Management, 2007.
An analysis of the main components of lean management principles.
4,316 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper is written in the narrative style. It describes the writer's experiences, as a student, with lean management and six sigma practices. The paper goes on to analyze the history and principles of lean management by focusing on its four main components: lean customer relationships, lean product development, lean order fulfillment and the lean supply chain.
Table of Contents:
History of Lean Management
Review of Lean Principles
Lean Customer Relationships
Lean Product Development
Lean Order Fulfillment
Lean Supply Chain
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Any company that decides to practice lean management takes on the challenge of creating a culture that is conducive to change and innovation. But the challenge is worth the benefits, lean practices have helped companies like Dell, McDonalds, Toyota, Federal Express, and Miller Brewing Company become leaders in their respective markets and influential in business innovation."
"Lean Customer relationships provide time and money perks to both the customer and the supplier, this can mean that the consumer can order their desired product on-line and receive everything they need directly from the company. It helps to provide quicker, more efficient service to the customer through methods such as internet support, more efficient initial processes (seen in Dell's color-coding model), and cross-training so that customer service agents are more knowledgeable when posed with information and service questions."
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Lean Manufacturing, 2001.
Discusses the lean enterprise in terms of workflow process; features of lean manufacturing & role of cross functional teams.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Lean manufacturing techniques combine just-in-time processes with total quality management and cross functional teams in order to create an environment where inventory costs are reduced, production processes are made more efficient, individual employees have greater control over their tasks, and the company as a whole is able to deliver greater value to its customers. Companies which are just starting out are increasingly turning to lean manufacturing to provide them with a competitive edge in the market, but implementing a lean manufacturing environment in an existing organization can be challenging and require significant changes in the corporate culture. In spite of the challenges associated with implementing lean manufacturing, a large number of companies, including General Motors and Boeing, have turned to this technique."
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Lean Production, 2007.
This paper explores the business technique of lean production and its influence on employee stress.
1,551 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper offers six reasons why lean production processes are stressful for workers. The paper then provides strategies for alleviating the stress of lean production. The paper discusses how the many benefits of lean production come at the expense of workers via longer, more monitored and more stressful work hours. The paper shows how lean production is not a strategy of greater market competitiveness, but one that bases competitiveness on price reductions through major shifts in costs, regardless of the stress or long-term effects on workers.
Outline:
Summary
Strategies for Alleviating Stress in Lean Production Environments
Summary
From the Paper
"The growth of high efficiency production techniques including lean manufacturing in conjunction with the increasing strength and use of analytical tools, techniques and approaches to tracking employee and departmental performance data has created significant stress for workers throughout global manufacturing and service organizations. This has been exacerbated by management teams who in many cases lack emotional intelligence (EI) and the ability to create an environment of transformational leadership in their organizations. These two components, EI and transformational leadership, can lessen the impact of the stress of lean manufacturing and production techniques on workers, yet much of the research in this area shows it is the exception rather than the rule."
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Lean Manufacturing, 2004.
This paper discusses the concept called lean manufacturing, a manufacturing process that uses less of every resource, including material, time, and energy.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that lean manufacturing is a paradigm shift requiring that the organization be structured around the customer pull-value. The author points out that, since the early 1980s, manufacturers have moved away from the conventional Fordist push system of mass assembly line production toward a system of lean production. The paper relates that lean manufacturing is a more capable system of production than Fordism because lean manufacturing stresses quality and a quick reaction to market circumstances, using technologically advanced tools and an adaptable organization of the production process.
From the Paper
"Implementation of lean manufacturing consumes lots of time and it makes use of the concepts of effective plant layout, workplace organization, standardized work, customer demand-based manufacturing, quick changeover, one-piece flow, cellular manufacturing, batch reduction, teams, visual controls, quality at the source, point-of-use storage. Lean manufacturing also employs the contemporary essentials and technologies of scrap cutback, process enhancement in machining and tool selection over and above material selection, setting time reduction, Just-In-Time, Kaizan, top-notch manufacturing, synchronous manufacturing, and inventory management."
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Lean Manufacturing, 2004.
An analysis of the implementation of lean manufacturing as a cost-effective and time-efficient method of manufacturing.
3,870 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the implementation of lean manufacturing in a custom transducer manufacturing company. The paper explains that lean production emphasizes waste elimination. Lean manufacturing requires a disciplined form of production. Every component of the manufacturing process is analyzed repeatedly for flaws and defects.The paper claims that lean manufacturing is a difficult change to implement in an organization, and it takes great discipline from the management to the rank-and-file worker to obtain the positive results of this methodology.
From the Paper
"The age of customization in manufacturing has given way to mass production. While there were many benefits to mass production, there were some aspects of mass production that were less than desirable. One of the primary negative aspects of mass production was the inventory. Organizations had to maintain inventories in order to ensure continuous production. Inventory includes: raw materials, component parts, subassemblies, and finished goods, and the various products and supplies required in the production and distribution process. Inventory can be a liability as well as an asset: excessive, finished (goods) inventory requires large warehouses; many times, this is the first indication of bad decisions in the production and process stages."
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Lean Production, 2005.
This paper discusses lean production and why it insists on reduced space within the workplace.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that lean production refers to the outcome of work reorganization and organizational processes such as just-in-time, continuous improvement and teamwork concerned with stripping out costs. The author points out that lean production is so named because it uses less of everything compared with mass production. The paper relates that, for example, lean production uses half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time, demands reduced space everywhere and half the investment in tools.
From the Paper
"Lean production refers to the outcome of work reorganization and organizational processes such as "just-in-time, continuous improvement, and teamwork concerned with stripping out costs" (Yates, Lewchuk & Stewart, 2001, pp. 96-97). The problem with lean production is that it creates very serious negative impacts for how the worker experiences work. Lean manufacturing is so named because "it uses less of everything, compared with mass production: half the human effort in the factory, half the manufacturing space, half the investment in tools, half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time" (Rao, 1999, p. 1)."
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Lean Construction and the U.K. Construction Industry, 2002.
A look at the application of the principles of Lean Construction on the U.K. construction industry.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines the U.K. construction industry and the concepts of Lean Construction, in which the success of this company is attributed to the application of Lean Construction principles such as value, value streams, flows, pull, and perfection. It evaluates how U.K. construction companies have found that increasingly demanding customers, as well as pressures regarding environment issues, are forcing them to rethink their strategies.
Outline
The Principles of Lean Construction
The Construction Industry in the U.K.
The Egan and Lathem Reports
Supply Chain Leadership and Teamwork
The Possibility of Change
From the Paper
"It is with the above in mind that the Egan and Lathem reports highlight the changes necessary in the UK Construction Industry. The Egan Report identifies five drivers of change necessary to ensure greater profitability as well as better quality in the Construction Industry. These are: committed leadership, a focus on the customer, integrated processes and teams, a quality driven agenda and commitment to people (4GM Consulting, 2003). Furthermore the report sets targets such as 10% for annual reductions in construction cost and time, as well as a 20% annual reduction in defects. The report stresses the importance of replacing competitive tendering with long-term relationships within the industry. Clearly the win/lose relationships between partners are too adversarial to be effective."
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Toyota's Lean Production, 2008.
This paper focuses on the Toyota Production System (TPS) that creates Toyota's lean manufacturing environment.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the basic elements of lean manufacturing and describes several delivery contingencies. The paper then provides a review of Toyota Motor Corporation's Toyota production system (TPS), one of the pioneering organizational manufacturing strategies of lean manufacturing.
Outline:
Abstract
JIT Processes
Lean Processes at Toyota
From the Paper
"TPS is designed to eliminate all manner of waste, reduce inventories, and increase efficiencies throughout any production system or process. TPS is based on three simple objectives which drive all its lean processes which are: 1) to design out stress in the system, 2) eliminate all forms of waste, and 3) make production form efficient (Sato & Hoshino, 1984, p.37). These objectives within TPS have led to the development of several widely known manufacturing strategies and processes which are well known in their own right but are often not recognized as originating with Toyota's TPS."
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Bennett's Policies Great Depression, 2008.
An analysis of the policies of R.B. Bennett in Canada after the Great Depression.
1,928 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how the Great Depression was a calamity that changed the lives of all Canadians. The paper relates that the government of R.B. Bennett instituted a number of new polices, and although widely discredited at the time, laid the foundations for economic recovery and Canada's modern welfare state. The paper also studies the beliefs and motivations of Bennett as an individual, and how his responses hastened the end of The Great Depression and the beginnings of a better life for Canadians.
From the Paper
"The Great Depression was a calamity that changed the lives of all Canadians. In the three decades prior to the Great Depression, Canada had one of the world's fastest growing economies, experiencing only a brief downturn near the end of the Great War (Morton). The government of R.B. Bennett instituted a number of new polices, including the creation of work relief camps, increasing trade tariffs and creating a Third National Policy, known as the New Policy. The immediate effects of the initiatives were limited by factors outside of Bennett's control and their evaluation must be informed by an understanding of the environment in which they occurred. The prevailing attitudes of the times, a collapsing and changed economy, and Federal/Provincial squabbling over division of powers limited the effectiveness of the responses and created a mistaken belief that the Bennett government was ineffective. These policies, although widely discredited at the time, laid the foundations for economic recovery and Canada's modern welfare state.
"The policies of the Bennett government were shaped, in large part, by the attitudes and beliefs of the establishment. Many people, including the policymakers of the day, had experienced economic recessions, but these downturns in the economy had been relatively brief compared to the severity and duration of the Depression. In the run-up to the election, the previous Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, had refused to provide any federal aid to the provinces, believing the crisis would quickly pass (Bets). It is also important to note that the processes of urbanization and industrialization were of fairly recent origin in 1930, and the prevailing assumption that unemployment was a personal failing proved resilient even as the creation of a modern economy called such precepts into question. The policy responses laid out in The New Deal and the settling up of labour camps was an attempt to provide support and an opportunity for people to lift themselves out of the financial crisis. Financial assistance for those in need was seen, at the time, as a disincentive to finding work and a burden on the economy. Without work, many of the unemployed men gathered in cities seeking employment of any sort. The government feared that this mass of unemployed citizens would be fertile ground for the Communist party and the unions. The army chief, General Andy McNaughton warned Bennett that "In their ragged platoons, here are the prospective members of what Marx called the 'industrial reserve army, the storm troopers of the revolution'." The Bolshevik revolution in Russia, the Winnipeg General Strike, and ongoing labour unrest in the country were a growing concern for Bennett (Safarian). There was believed to be a need to ensure that the unemployed were not able to gather and mobilize in large numbers. Throughout his term in office, Bennett struggled with a desire to assist those in need. He was burdened by an unwillingness to enrich those he believed to be undeserving due to personal failings and by a fear of Communists fomenting revolution amongst the unemployed vagrants. Although evaluated from a modern perspective, his policies often exacerbated suffering and fomented dissent, they were informed by a need to create personal responsibility and ensure the safety of Canadian society."
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Tony Harrison, 2004.
A look at how the poet, Tony Harrison, presents his parents in his work and whether there a bias towards his father and against his mother.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Tony Harrison extensively features his parents and their death throughout his poetry. It analyzes four of his poems: "Cremation", "Book Ends I & II", "A Good Read", and "Bringing Up". It looks at how he stems from a working class background, and though he moved up the social ladder, his parents remain of the lower class. It discusses how Harrison conveys this social gap superbly with his use of language, dialect, and anecdotal snapshots of his past. Likewise, it discusses how he shows respect for his father?s legacy, despite the fact his parents were of working class status.
From the Paper
"For example, in ?Cremation? he demonstrates respect for his parents in how he shows them both to be hard working. He describes his fathers, ?one huge nightshift?. It is almost as though in Harrison?s eyes, his father worked all hours to enable them to survive. However, Harrison?s presentation here can seem negative as it is almost as though his father?s huge workload takes over his life and takes up the time when family bonding traditionally occurs. Similarly he also describes how his mother?s hard work led to her demise, ?the mangle brought it on?. Using plosives, Harrison here shows the sheer physicality that his mother had to cope with."
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The Harrison-Keyes Corporation, 2006.
A situation analysis and problem statement on the Harrison-Keyes corporation.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Harrison-Keyes corporation and some of the problems it is facing. The paper explains that Harrison-Keyes is currently experiencing complications in its attempt to once again become a profitable organization. The paper also reports that the company has previously made management changes and attempted projects that were intended to resolve internal issues, but these attempts have not addressed the real problems that exist within the organization. Therefore the tensions within the company continue to mount. The paper offers solutions to the complications the company is currently facing that focus on employee dissatisfaction, planning, and the training that must be implemented immediately in order for the company to begin a recovery and start mirroring the success that it had experienced previously.
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"Harrison Bergeron", 2006.
A review of the short story "Harrison Bergeron" by Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The writer summarizes the story and explains that it is not only a reflection of the author's concern with controlling the masses through television but is also an attack on the idea of enforced equality. The paper shows how the use of television to control people is a major theme in "Harrison Bergeron". The writer describes the dehumanization in the story, which is a result of government oppression, as well as the physical punishment that awaits rebellious people like Harrison. In conclusion, the writer states that no government is able to suppress the individual completely because of the desire of humans to be themselves and not machines.
From the Paper
"The other major theme in "Harrison Bergeron" is the concept of equality. His world is similar to that of a tyrannical dictatorship, where people have no rights, thanks "to the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments to the Constitution, and to the unceasing vigilance of agents of the United States Handicapper General" (139). This new world represents total conformity, where people like George must wear weights and radio transmitters which play loud noises to hinder their intellectual development. Vonnegut's world is the most extreme and horrifying that anyone can imagine. According to Joseph Alvarez, "If everyone were equal in every which way, the various handicaps would not be necessary" (3). Alvarez is making the statement that it is ironic of the government to enforce equality to everyone but themselves. The government does not make themselves equal to the rest of society, but higher than the rest of the population. The Handicapper General displays a slave driver approach, in which they use physical discipline to keep everyone in check. Insane people enforce the insanity in Vonnegut's futuristic America. According to literary critic Carl Mowery, "In this society, it is the H-G's job to neutralize the human attributes that every citizen was given by God" (3). The aspect of equality Vonnegut takes so literally that even a person's basic rights such as freedom of speech and freedom of choice are nonexistent."
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Bennett and Lennon on Locke, 2008.
A comparison of the views of Jonathan Bennett and Thomas Lennon, concerning John Locke's conception of ideas and qualities.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how John Locke's distinction between ideas and qualities, outlined in his "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", would become a point of contention between Jonathan Bennett and Thomas Lennon. In particular, the paper takes a look at Bennet's book "Learning from Six Philosophers" and Lennon's critical article "Bennett on Ideas and Qualities in Locke's Essay". The paper concludes that Locke can be confusing at times because the distinction between ideas and qualities is not always clearly drawn in the text, but the ideas are more clear when closely examined by later thinkers.
From the Paper
"In 1996, Jonathan Bennett offered his own version of a standard objection raised against Locke, that the distinction between ideas and qualities is ill-formed and exposes a fundamental confusion about ideas and qualities that runs throughout Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Bennett says that Locke tends to use the word "idea" to mean "quality." Bennett also says that the distinction is intended to be clear and that Locke addresses it by stating that whatever the mind perceives in itself is an idea, while qualities are those "ideas" that are produced I the mind by sensation of the object and quality in question. Locke uses a snowball as an example and says the snowball itself produces the ideas of white, cold, and round. These are qualities because they are ideas that are in the snowball and then imparted to the mind as the mind experiences the snowball."
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Lean-Manufacturing in the Automobile Industry, 2002.
An in-depth study examining the transition in automobile manufacturing from a mass production approach to a lean manufacturing approach, due to the effects of globalization.
9,480 words (approx. 37.9 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 194.95
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Abstract
The context of the problem investigated in this study is the contemporary automobile manufacturing approach where the competitive environment is increasingly global in character. Each automobile manufacturing operation in a single country is, in effect, in direct competition with counterpart operations in every other country wherever automobile manufacturing occurs. The problem is examined in the context of an automobile assembly plant of the TBC Company. The on-rush of economic globalization persuaded all American automobile manufacturers that a completely new approach to manufacturing was required in place of the hodge-podge of mass production and Japanese khan bhan techniques that had developed. The result of this conclusion was the development of lean manufacturing. The problem investigated in this study involves the transition in manufacturing from a mass production approach to a lean manufacturing approach. The main characteristics of the problem addressed are (1) materials management, (2) engineering changes, (3) machine, equipment and facility readiness, (4) labor flexibility, (5) outsourcing, and (6) cycle-time management.
Table of Contents:
Problem Context and Characteristics
Literature Review, Best Practices and Focal Organization Characteristics
Research Design
Gap Analysis
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The greater choice of suppliers in international markets makes it possible to reduce costs and improve the quality of procured materials. In relation to production, the generation of economies of scale can be realized either through (1) the concentration of all production activities or through (2) the construction of a number of plants according to the needs of specialization. Production in decentralized plants can facilitate the attainment of several objectives, including (1) lower costs, (2) learning curve economies, (3) the establishment of a company in foreign markets, (4) the introduction of new products, and (5) technical leadership (Gulati, 1995)."
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