| Papers [1-15] of 45 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "LEACHATE CONTROL SANITARY LANDFILLS": |
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Leachate Control In Sanitary Landfills, 1997.
Examines the formation, migration and control of toxic seepage.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 13 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"LEACHATE CONTROL FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS
Introduction
Percolated rainwater and liquefied waste materials in sanitary landfills, if not controlled, seep to the bottoms and the lateral edges of refuse piles and migrate into surrounding soil and usable groundwater. Such escape without control is now almost universally forbidden. Controls are discovered, improved, and applied; but leachate continues to form, leaching persists, and barriers or treatments are neither fool-proof nor complete."
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Landfills, 2005.
This paper discusses the environmental impact of landfills.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, at one time, there were no problems with landfills because trash, such as wood, paper, oxidizable metals and organic garbage, was biodegradable; now, Styrofoam and other plastic based wrappings and containers, in which almost everything is over-wrapped, survive decomposition for decades and decades even when crushed. The author points out the problems of trash handle in the 21st century are: (1) Landfills are filling up at an astronomical rate, (2) they are not decomposing at the rate they used to before non-biodegradable items were being added, (3) because of this inconsistent rate of biodegradability, many landfills are developing large pockets of methane gas and leachate or "garbage juice", which is a potential threat to the ground water and (4) companies are dumping highly toxic materials in the landfill. The paper stresses that the only ways we are going to make landfills nearly obsolete are by recycling, which must be supported by very strong recycling laws, and by seeking improved technologies for waste disposal and long-term chemical contamination.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Hazardous Waste and Landfills
Problems with Non Hazardous Landfills
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the group "Make Less Waste", waste prevention is any practice that reduces the amount or toxicity of waste, including making goods last longer, reusing products and reducing packaging. It's a good way to save money, reduce pollution and conserve energy. They point out some ways we can reduce the amount of waste we generate. Some suggestions include avoiding "over-packaged" products. We should look for the most purposeful, least wasteful packaging. We should re-use or refuse shopping bags and bring your own bags. One of the best ways of making less waste is to avoid disposable versions of razors, pens, lighters, batteries, plates, cups, napkins and diapers. We cam choose products made from recycled material and buy products in glass, steel, or aluminum because all of these products have some recycled content and can be recycled. If we buy concentrates, "economy" sizes, and products selected from bulk bin, we save on packaging waste. To reduce fast food packaging, ask that your fast food be wrapped only in paper and refuse bags and Styrofoam boxes. Instead of throwing them away, donate used items such as clothes, furniture and books to charitable organizations."
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Canadian Trash in Michigan Landfills, 2004.
Discusses and analyzes the topic of Canadian trash being trucked into Michigan landfills for disposal.
766 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines ways to stop Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills and argues that the Michigan waste disposal companies are not justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash and trash from other states is a major problem facing America's landfills today, and the author of this paper suggests we find new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfills before the country's current landfills are exhausted.
From the Paper
"Thus, waste from other areas would have to meet strict criteria before it could enter the state, and this would cut down tremendously on the waste coming in from Canada and other areas, leaving our landfills open for our own waste, and not filling them up as quickly. The opposition to the bill comes from landfill owners and waste industry associations, who feel they should be able to accept waste from anywhere. Clearly, the two sides must come to an agreement, and the Senate must find out how the people of Michigan feel about the solid waste from other areas coming into Michigan for disposal."
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Global Sanitary Health Conditions, 2006.
This paper is an empirical study of World Health Organization data evaluating the relationship of sanitary health conditions to the number of cases of HIV and tuberculosis.
7,765 words (approx. 31.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 168.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that home-based care is a strategy increasingly relied on by many countries adversely affected by HIV/AIDS because they have weak health systems and infrastructures and are overwhelmed by the volume of patients requiring long-term care, and yet, their sanitation and hygiene, which underpin these home care strategies, are often poor. The author uses variables such as the number of people living with HIV, GDP/Capita (US$), expenditure on health per capita (US$), access to improved water resources in urban and rural areas, access to better sanitation facilities in urban and rural areas, prevalence of contraceptives (which serves to explain the sexual behavior) and the number of new tuberculosis (TB) cases detected in a year. The paper is based on a statistical regression procedure including ANOVA on all the selected variables with the number of people with HIV and tuberculosis living in 70 countries; the data is reported by organizing these countries into global regional zones.
Table of Contents
Analysis of Data for the World
AFR (African Region)
HIV
Tuberculosis
South-East Asian Region
HIV
TB Cases
West-Pacific Region
HIV
The Eastern Mediterranean Region
HIV Cases
TB Cases
American Region
Data
HIV Cases
TB Cases
European Region (EUR)
HIV Dependent
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"While in many African countries, everyone is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, the people worst affected are those living in poor, over crowded areas that lack adequate sanitary facilities, water supply, and medical care. Having a potable water supply and latrine close to one's home is a basic human right. Access to adequate water supply and sanitation facilities helps people to live healthier lives, free from the risks of water and sanitation related illnesses and affords them the dignity that is due to them being human being. For a person living with HIV/AIDS access to water and sanitation facilities is especially critical. The risks posed by poor facilities can be fatal. It is an undeniable fact that poverty goes hand-in-hand with inadequate hygiene and sanitation facilities and people living in over crowded slum areas severely face this inadequacy. It is observed from the data obtained from WHO that the incidence of HIV is positively correlated with absolute poverty (in terms of income <$1) by a factor 0.25 and with the Gini coefficient by a factor of 0.21. In this study, data have been analyzed on various variables and has made an effort to explain the correlations and trends for each of the regions classified by the WHO."
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Landfills and Incineration, 2006.
A discussion on how best to manage the garbage from large urbanized areas.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay compares landfills versus incineration as a solution to garbage sites. It takes the stance that modern incineration is a better solution. In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centers, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other.
From the Paper
"In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centres, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other. As part of Toronto's comprehensive waste strategy, for instance, the city has made great strides in reducing, reusing, and recycling. But Hogtown, as it is aptly nicknamed, along with the Greater Toronto Area at large, has never dealt with its existing landfill needs. As a result, long since it became clear that Toronto's main source, the Keele Valley landfill, would close in 2003, Toronto simply did not..."
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Waste Dump Landfills, 1989.
Discusses garbage (toxic & non-toxic) problems, statistics, waste-to-energy plants, scrubbers, costs, incinerators, recycling and state laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Only in recent years has there been a growing awareness in the United States concerning waste dump sites. Landfills, as they are known, first came into public view in 1978 when the Love Canal incident in Niagara Falls, New York was revealed. It was discovered that toxic wastes that had been dumped into the canal in previous years by Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation had begun to seep up into houses and schools that had been built ignorantly upon the dump site. The wastes were first suspected of causing health hazards when numerous occurrences of miscarriages and birth defects were reported from the area near the canal. In 1980, President Carter declared the canal an emergency area that demanded immediate attention. He evacuated 710 families, joining another 239 families that had already (...)"
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Building on Landfill, 2002.
This paper discusses the issues of building multistory buildings on areas of landfill, areas of dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage, using Battery Park City, New York City as an example.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that one way that builders are finding available land is by using places previously thought unsafe or unsuitable to build on, such as landfill sites. This paper explains that landfill sites can safely be used to build high-rise buildings, provided the density of the landfill, the size of the foundation pieces and the deepness of the foundation pilings are taken into consideration. The author points out that there have been no reported problems from the settling of the landfill site on which Battery Park City was built.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to understand what landfills are and why they are here. Landfills are areas where the city or other municipality has dumped discarded items such as debris and garbage. The city often dumps large items there, as well, and eventually the landfill reaches its capacity. Landfills are important because debris and garbage has to go somewhere, but many people remain concerned that landfills are dangerous, and that hazardous materials are being dumped into landfills, which could harm people in the future. When someone decides to build on a landfill site, as the one in Battery Park City, the question of stability comes up. After all, they are essentially building on garbage and debris, which seems likely to shift and move as it settles."
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Alternative Landfill Covers, 2007.
This paper discusses the merits of alternative landfill cover methods as opposed to conventional techniques.
2,327 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews literature on the subject of landfill covers and shows how conventional techniques are significantly flawed. The paper notes high implementation costs and leaks through the barriers. The paper looks at alternative landfill covers methods like evapotranspiration, geomembranes and anisotropic barriers that direct water away from the landfill site instead of through it. The paper shows how alternative systems are designed to work on a site-specific basis with the local environmental conditions.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Clearly, the issue of waste management in the United States and the world is a significant one. Waste continues to pile higher every year, and landfills are filling up faster than ever (Albright et al. 71). When a landfill reaches its designated capacity, it is sealed and covered. In the past, this has meant the use of rather conventional techniques. Usually, a landfill is lined with compacted clay before even one piece of garbage is dumped there. Then, when the landfill has been filled to capacity, the entire site is covered over. The purpose of all of this engineering is simple: reduce the environmental damage and impact of the site by lessening the degree to which pollutants and contaminants can leach from the site through the introduction of either groundwater or rain."
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Alternate Uses of Landfill Gas, 2004.
A discussion of alternative uses of landfill gas and how these alternative uses benefit the environment.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how formerly environmentally damaging methane gas from landfills is now being utilized for direct-use and gas-to-electric projects that not only benefit consumers but are actually responsible for improving the environment.
From the Paper
"Three decades ago the notion of landfills was a distasteful one to most people. Landfills emit natural gases that are a by-product of decomposition of organic waste. Landfill gas emissions give off a noxious odor for those living in close proximity to landfills and the release of gases from aerobic and anaerobic oxygen free processes were thought to be detrimental to the environment. Landfill gas (LFG) is primarily composed of carbon dioxide and methane. Because of this it is flammable and potentially explosive in..."
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Landfill Methods and Techniques: New York Metro Experience, 2002.
A definition and examination of landfill methods in the N.Y. area and the potential problems with these methods.
5,321 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This report examines landfill methods and techniques in the New York metropolitan Area, offering a comparison of landfill techniques in the area, an assessment of the chemical makeup of the most common wastes and the presence of heavy metals, their uses and dangers, and the issues related to cakes and pellets. An annotated bibliography of the most critical sources used in the report (along with unannotated sources of a less critical nature) are included.
From the Paper
"Cities and counties are often confronted with a major problem when it comes to dealing with their solid waste. On the one hand, they are feeling pressure to reduce the volume of waste going to landfills; on the other, building and operating landfills is an expensive proposition these days (American City and County, 1, p. 40). Waste managers are confronted with these conflicting pressures as well as a functional environment in which increasing regulation coupled with financial pressure to make waste management an increasingly difficult, complex, and even tension-laden task.
Nowhere in the United States is this set of problems more difficult than in the New York Metropolitan area. Peter L. Grogan (p. 75) recently reported that the City faces a serious waste disposal problem; it is expected that the major landfill which has served the area for many decades, the Fresh Kills landfill, will be closed soon, and no suitable land for new landfills in the area has been identified. Recycling to reduce landfill-bound wastes has been attempted, but few positive results have as yet been reported. Consequently, the New York City Metropolitan area faces significant challenges now and in the future in this regard."
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Bradley Landfill, 2004.
Position paper on the Bradley Landfill in Sun Valley, California
3,390 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This policy analysis and recommendation addresses the question of whether or not the Bradley Landfill in Sun Valley, California should be permitted to obtain approval for a potentially significant increase in landfill height and overall waste disposal capacity.
From the Paper
" sing the framework developed by David Easton, the various stakeholder positions are presented and analyzed. Relevant research is incorporated into an analysis of the options that are available at the present time. These options include permanently closing the Bradley Landfill, maintaining the status quo and refusing permission for..."
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Hazardous Waste, 2005.
A discussion on hazardous waste and its management.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how hazardous waste is an acute problem throughout the world. The writer proposes that there is no single solution to this problem and that it is unlikely that our modern, industrialized society will become waste-free. This paper defines waste and hazardous waste. It looks at how hazardous waste is produced and how it can impact the environment as well as human health. The paper includes strategies for minimizing both the volume and impact of waste. The paper concludes that an approach that combines source reduction, reuse, recycling and burying in sanitary landfills is needed in order to properly manage both hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
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Recreational Food Service, 1996.
Laws, regulations & controls protecting consumers from food-borne illness at public events. Sanitary food cleaning, handling, storage & preparation and personal hygiene.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 9 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"RECREATIONAL FOOD SERVICE: LAWS, REGULATION, AND CONTROL
Introduction
This research reviews laws, regulations, and controls applicable to recreational food service operations. With gross sales of $4.9 billion in 1995, the recreational segment of the food service industry held a market share of 1.7 percent of the total food service industry (Bartlett, 1996, p. 48). Segment sales growth in 1995 was 2.5 percent over 1994 levels.
The recreational segment of the food service industry is subject to the same general laws, regulation, and control as applies to all operators in the food service industry (Bartlett, 1996, p. 44). Because recreational food service operations typically are located within other facilities, as opposed to being stand-alone.."
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Waste Disposal in the U.S., 1993.
Examines public policy, laws, recycling, municipal solid waste, hazardous materials, landfills, waste-to-energy plans, industrial pollution, radioactive waste and sewage treatment.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The more developed a country is, the more waste it produces. Waste, therefore, is an excellent standard-of-living indicator. The abundance of waste, however, is also a significant source of pollution, and this has become a major concern of governments all over the world.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) drew up the following categories for waste classification: municipal (mainly household) waste; industrial waste; residue from the production of energy; hospital and agricultural waste, mining spoil and demolition debris; dredge spoil, and sewage sludge--nuclear wastes were regarded separately (3:28). In the industrialized member countries of OECD, where 90 to 100 percent of garbage collection is carried out by municipal authority, people do not seem to worry about what happens to their household ..."
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Waste Management, 2007.
This paper discusses the three methods of waste disposal; landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle).
1,426 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the limitations of each the three ways of dealing with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle). In particular, the paper focuses on municipal and non-hazardous waste. The paper critically examines each of these methods and their flaws. The paper argues that the 3Rs are the most sustainable ways of dealing with waste and that, despite the flaws, some of which can be fixed, this is the best long-term solution.
Outline:
Landfill
Incineration
The 3Rs
From the Paper
"Waste disposal presents a big environmental problem that is universal to all nations of the world. Canada is no exception. "In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capital" Statistics Canada (qtd. in McLaren, 373.) Waste is an increasing problem within our consumerist society, since not only has it brought about adverse environmental impact but it is also becoming increasingly expensive to deal with it and we are producing more despite all our efforts. In Canada for example "non-hazardous waste disposal per capita was 7 per cent higher in 2000 than in 1996" (Mclaren, 373). Gandy states that "many US cities now face a tax burden for their solid waste management which is exceeded only by education and roads" (31)."
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