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Ethics, Copyright Laws and the Internet, 2006.
This paper discusses the growing lack of ethics in the communications industry as well as the need for more supervision and stricter guidelines when using copyrighted materials on the internet.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the general lack of awareness and regulations regarding the ethical and legal implications involving copyrighted materials displayed on the internet. Business and technology follows the imperative of development with little regard for how ethics and morals are influenced and the end result is that ethical issues are often left behind. Also discussed is the changing nature of information and technology which has resulted in the changing nature of privacy. This paper examines both copyright and patent laws and the lack of supervision of these guidelines on the internet as well as the ongoing attempts by the industry to reinforce these same laws. Topics covered in this report include: Organizational Impacts/Issues Future of the Topic Conclusion Bibliography
From the Paper
"Computers are seen as logical, rational devices, by which logical, rational actions are carried out, without any ethical implication. No blame or censure can thus be accorded when the computer suffers a breakdown or when the software has a bug. Such technology is seen as an entity on its own, without any moral intervention or evaluation. The reason for this is another result of the rapid development of technology. Few truly understand the nature of computing or information technology. Technology is used as a tool, without being attached to ethical responsibility."
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Internet Copyright Laws, 2002.
This paper discusses the responsibility that engineers face in their careers regarding the ethics of the internet copyright laws.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the images and text seen on the internet are subject to copyright laws. The paper emphasizes that, under the doctrine of fair use, partial use of a program is permitted if it is for the purpose of public betterment such as education or scholarship needs. The author lists several ways to copyright or protect the copyright of computer software.
From the Paper
"Copyright arises automatically once an original effort has been started and some aspect of it has been fixed in a tangible medium. One need not even have notice on published copies. Registration is required only if legal action is warranted (and the work originates in the U.S. -- something hereafter presumed in this discussion). However, in the U.S., giving notice and promptly registering works provide advantages with regard to remedies."
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Internet Laws, 2004.
An overview of Internet uses and the laws and other regulatory measures that are in place.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Internet has quickly developed into one of the important commercial and educational communication media of the modern world and how the unlimited possibilities of the Web have wooed all kinds of entrepreneurs to explore the online medium for expanding business. It also explores how the anonymous nature of the Internet has also contributed to security concerns, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, and privacy concerns, among other related problems, like hacking, snooping etc., and how, with computers invading the health care, insurance, and other important sectors of our life, concerns over privacy and security of data have become all the more pronounced. It looks at how, over the years, regulatory restrictions have been enforced and how they are continuously being refined to make the Internet a safe and secure place in which to learn, communicate, and do business.
Outline
Introduction
Privacy and Security Issues
The Graham-Leach-Bliley (GLBA) Financial Services Modernization Act
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
CIPA Act
Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act of 1974
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
The Regulatory Medium (Intellectual Properties)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sale of personal information is another privacy issue. Cookies are one of the ways by which companies keep track of the browsing pattern and the buying behavior of the consumer. Cookies are used to target marketing schemes as per the buying behavior of the customer. There are countless marketing companies and multilevel marketing companies sprawling on the internet. Invariably these companies sell their customer information from their customer database to other companies leading to clear breach of customer privacy. Spamming is a related issue where the net user receives unsolicited emails and marketing information. The European Union and the United States have many laws, which are meant to protect the privacy of the user and stipulations pertaining to the collection of "personally identifiable" information on the internet."
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Intellectual Property Law, 2004.
This paper discusses the problems with intellectual property law in the music and Internet industries in the European Union.
3,520 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the European Union copyright directive, especially as this relates to the music industry, is an attempt at adjustments in intellectual property law; however, it falls short of the all-encompassing clarity required in specific situations, such as certain cases within the music industry, new technological developments, and the Internet. The author points out that the three issues that impact the music industry when mergers between large companies are considered, in terms of competition law, are the gatekeeper, the source, and the path issues. The paper relates that warnings to the effect that piracy protection devices could lead to damaged equipment should be issued not only as a deterrent, but also as a courtesy and acknowledgement of the rights of the public; the industry should acknowledge that users more often than not make copies of discs for their own personal use, not for the purpose of profit.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Changing Music Industry and EU Competition Law
The Gatekeeper Issue
The Source Issue
The Path Issue
Problems Associated with the EU Copyright Directive
Copyright Laws and the Digital Age
The Repercussions of the Copyright Directive
Technological Advance and Legislation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the purpose of the Directive is repeatedly stated as increasing legal certainty, the opposite is actually the case. Although this article is meant to reconcile rights owners and their interest with the interest of users, the vagueness of the article does not appear to ensure the rights of anybody. Indeed, there appears to be an increased amount of uncertainty as opposed to the idealized certainty in the initial goal. Indeed, the legislation and its exceptions appear to create a singular amount of opportunities for abuse and misinterpretation. Furthermore there is a list of no less than 20 exceptions to the copyright law. Adding to the confusion, these exceptions are furthermore optional rather than mandatory, allowing Member States to pick and choose which to implement and which to discard."
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Privacy Laws in Canada, 2002.
Discussion of the ineffectiveness of Canadian privacy laws and policies with regard to the internet and electronic databases.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of privacy laws in Canada in the context of recent innovations in computer and communications technologies. It is argued that current legislation is antiquated and insufficient to protect citizens from government and, in particular, private sector misuse of personal information.
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Copyright Laws and Napster, 2002.
Examining the Napster law suit - the forced closure of a company which provided technology for internet users to share music files.
2,204 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the Napster lawsuit while providing a brief summary of copyright protection laws and legislation. It explores the concept of file sharing technology in general and how this related to Napster Inc. in particular. It takes a look at the Napster court case and all the details surrounding this legal issue. It concludes with an examination of the RIAA's (Recording Industry Association of America) response to copyright infringement.
From the Paper
"In today's information based world, one confrontational issue is the idea of copyright protection and how it is applied to the Internet. With the invention of the Internet and the World Wide Web, sharing files and intellectual properties amongst thousands if not millions of people became much easier. However, one problem that has been associated with this mass distribution of copyright material is the question of who holds the sole ownership of these intellectual properties. Recently, file sharing utilities such as Imesh, Scour, and most notably Napster have come under fire for infringing on copyright laws and regulations. One important ethical and legal question that has been raised is, who holds the rights to these properties. On the plaintiffs side they argue that the original creator of these intellectual properties holds the copyright and is the only one that can determine how and where these properties will be used. On the defendants side they argue that they are nothing more than a file sharing utility. Napster states that they provide a service to people to share files. Napster's argument is that they cannot be held responsible if their users engage in illegal copyright infringement and that Napster should not be held liable. However the Recording industry of America feels that Napster is nothing more than a tool, which makes the lucrative industry of copyright infringement easier."
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Business Laws, 2007.
This paper discusses the role of government in business management as seen in the minimum wage and anti-trust laws.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper states that artificially adjusting wages above market rates set by the supply and demand of labor increases unemployment because, when businesses cannot pass along the higher labor costs, they often eliminate workers though decreased production or by substituting them with more efficient technologies. The author points out that minimum wage laws are less effective at reducing social exclusion and are more damaging to businesses than other alternatives such as training programs and the earned income tax credit. The paper further relates that many of the new industries in our economy, such as the software industry, Internet-based businesses, communications services and equipment and biotechnology, many problems arise when applying anti-trust laws, , including network effects and low marginal costs and high fixed costs.
Table of Contents:
Minimum Wage Laws
Anti-trust - Microsoft
From the Paper
"Firms in new economy industries must invest great sums of money to develop their products, either in upfront research and development or in physical or virtual networks to create and deliver products. Microsoft is a natural monopoly business. Initially, it is expensive to produce software, but it is very cheap to make copies. The marginal cost of Microsoft's software is virtually zero, so average total costs decline with each copy sold. As the company established its lead, it becomes more difficult for competitors to compete against it with lower prices, since their own costs have to be recouped with fewer sales."
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"Code and other Laws in Cyberspace", 2002.
An overview of this book by Lawrence Lessing on ethical issues relating to the internet.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss "Code and Other Laws in Cyberspace" by Lawrence Lessig. By analyzing the ethical nature of the internet through the laws that are currently being made around it, we can evaluate its development.
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Software and Copyright Laws, 2006.
This paper examines the various laws and regulations which were created to protect the owners of software copyrights.
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the legalities surrounding the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and the Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act (TEACH) which were both passed to protect the owners of software copyrights. This paper discusses the issue of software copyright as it pertains mainly to the field of education. The writer contends and explains the manner in which both laws clarify several complicated issues for software users while also offering international protection to owners of copyrighted material. This paper examines the basic premise of TEACH which contains recommendations made by the U.S. Copyright Office that addresses the use of informational material and services obtained via the internet. This paper discusses the responsibilities of online educational organizations who make use of informational software. This paper also delves into the additional concerns and responsibilities facing school libraries regarding the software used on library computers.
From the Paper
"These requirements are in addition to laws and regulations previously on place. The laws are intended to give software publishers the same protections text publishers have. Just as it is illegal to photocopy textbooks to avoid buying published copies, schools cannot copy software for use on multiple computers unless they have purchased a multiple-use license. Then, they must restrict the number of copies to the number authorized in their purchase. They may not install personal copies of software they purchased for home use on a school computer; or make copies of school-owned software for either home use or to share with parents and students. In addition, the laws address the use of shareware. Sometimes people think of shareware as "free," but it is not, and schools may not use shareware beyond the date at which the shareware copyright owner demands payment. In addition, although freeware is free in that the school does not have to pay for it, the law states that people may not sell freeware."
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Copyright Laws, 2004.
An analysis of copyright infringement by students.
1,187 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses copyright laws and the frequent infringement of them by students. The paper examines the lack of education in this respect, claiming that the majority of students are unaware of the laws. The paper contends that the extensive use of the internet for research purposes and the incredibly easy method of copying and pasting, leads many students to violate copyright laws.
From the Paper
"Copyright infringement, especially with regard to the Internet and MP3 files, is a contentious issue indeed. This is why legislation such as the Digital Millennium Act has been put in place in order to curb any unauthorized use of materials. The only situation where it would be ethical for a student to use copyrighted materials without paying for them, would be with the written consent of the creator of the material. I do however believe that the Carnegie Mellon University was somewhat heavy-handed in its punishment of the students involved. The students for example have been given neither prior warning or education regarding copyright. Furthermore, only 71 students of the 250 checked were found to be in possession of unauthorized files. "
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Irish Cyberlaw Today, 2004.
An analysis of international and Irish trends in laws governing the Internet and its uses and abuses.
1,549 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a scholarly analysis of the European and Irish laws concerning the Internet and its applications, followed by a comparison of similar international laws. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The domestic and international laws governing the internet have historically attempted to respond to a medium that has been growing exponentially. Administering these laws has been particularly challenging because the medium is so new and has not existed long enough to sufficiently fully understand all of its legal implications. This is all the more true in view of the manner in which the internet continues to evolve and expand to include uncharted territory."
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Internet Marketing: How to Make Free Money on the Internet, 2001.
A discussion about the various ways a person can make free money on the Internet.
1,614 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, $ 52.95
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From the Paper
"These days, owning a computer is becoming less of an option and more of a necessity. However, owning a computer isn't always enough for people anymore. The convenience of the Internet is becoming the real necessity in people's lives. The Internet has millions of sites with information on people, news, finances, places, history, entertainment and many hundreds of other topics. This information can be accessed from the Internet through a computer. Through marketing, companies have been able to pay people money to use their good or service via the Internet. By marketing the good or service as a way for people to make free money, companies have gained the attention anyone wanting more money, students, and advertisers. The company makes money from advertising, and the person using the website gets paid by the company. Making money on the Internet requires almost no effort, but is sometimes time consuming. Ways to make money on the Internet include: surfing the web, having an Internet start page, filling out surveys and giving opinions of products and services, and listening to music. "
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Children's Safety on the Internet, 2004.
A discussion of State and federal Internet laws and regulations.
4,030 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of whether state and federal Internet laws and regulations make it any safer for children. Do we judge this level of safety by the number of child pornographers convicted or is that number an indication of a horrible reality that one cannot cure, but only prevent? In attempting to answer these questions, and a few more, the paper seeks evidence from state laws and analyzes each of the laws in different sections of the paper.
From the Paper
"One effective way parents can combat this is by using child-monitoring software and educating their children against the potential hazards of chatting with strangers. But what about computer access outside home such as in public libraries? There is certainly concern in this regard as pointed by research conducted at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, PA. The research conducted at pubic and school libraries drew on computer records of online activity, from which it was found that the actual material being downloaded in comparison with the stated reasons for Internet use were very different. The research team reviewed 917,410 images in the 18 month research period to discover that 83.5 percent of them were pornographic. This reflects the fact that trading explicit photographs is one of the most widely conducted activities over the internet."
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Privacy Rights and the Internet, 2003.
This paper discusses the ease of obtaining personal information on the internet and the lack of privacy rights including for inmates.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although a prisoner has limited rights, there are certain protections provided to prisoners under the law, which brings up questions in terms of the rights and protections offered prisoners with regards to their personal privacy and information, which can be easily found on the internet. The author points out that, at present, there are no laws regarding internet privacy and reviews the United States' long history of struggling with privacy issues using the cases "Roe V. Wade" (1977), "Olmstead vs. United States 277 U.S. 438" (1928) and "Katz vs. United States, 389 U.S. 347" (1967). The paper states that, because there currently are no laws concerning privacy on the internet, there should be no problem with using VeriSign as a company to introduce e-commerce to the inmates as this company's policy considers the protection of an individual's privacy of the utmost importance.
From the Paper
"There are also more complex searches that a person can perform on the internet. For a fee, several companies will offer a complete profile of a person. For example, a company called, US Search, will find anybody and offers services such as background checks, locators, criminal search, sex offender search, and department of corrections search. They also offer other information like marriage and divorce certificates. There are many of these sites. They work by compiling databases, similar to the ones that law enforcement uses to find people by social security number or license number. Another site compiles scientific data as well. Abika.com offers background searches, psychological profiles, DNA profiling, etc. In short, if it is part of the public record, it can be compiled in a database for businesses to sell."
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The World of Wiretapping, 2002.
This paper discusses in detail the topic of wiretapping: The technology, the methods, the uses, the law and the issue of Internet wiretapping.
3,110 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The author begins by explaining how the wiretap works and that it is easy to install. The paper continues to discuss in detail the legalities of wiretapping , the issues of personal privacy and the conflict between the needs of law enforcement and the individual's rights.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Wiretapping?
History of Wiretapping?
Is Wiretapping An Invasion of Privacy?
Who Uses Wiretapping?
State Laws Concerning Wiretapping
Conclusion
Why Is There a Need for Wiretapping?
The Need for Change in Laws Concerning Wiretapping
From the Paper
"There are several types of bugs in the market today. First, there is the "bug". It is a device that is placed in an area that can intercept any communication and conducts it out of that area to a listening post. The eavesdropper doe not have to be very far away or miles away depending on the "bug" they use. "
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