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Lao She's "Rickshaw", 1994.
This paper analyzes the Chinese novel Lao She's "Rickshaw" as a portrait of social misery in Peking of 1920s and discusses the book's impact on culture.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Lao She was perhaps the best-known writer in China behind Lin Yutang, and he captured the spirit of the age of revolution and of change in China. His novel Rickshaw is his most enduring legacy, and yet it would also become an annoyance to the angry students of the Cultural Revolution and would lead to attacks on Lao She, both verbal and physical, in the 1960s. Translator Jean M. James says of Lao that he was, like Charles Dickens, a social novelist and a chronicler of Peking as Dickens was of London:
The terrible life of the poor depicted in Rickshaw is hard to believe, but sociological studies conducted in Peking in the twenties describe the same conditions and worse.
An examination of the novel and the culture that produced it shows how Lao She developed his social commentary and some of the ... "
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"Rickshaw" by Lao She, 2004.
This paper discusses the novel, "Rickshaw", written by Lao She and translated by Jean M. James, which focuses on the function of the rickshaw as a symbol in the text.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the rickshaw is a symbol of what is wrong with Chinese society and how it allows good men such as Hsiang Tzu, the protagonist in "Rickshaw" by Lao She, to evolve into pathetic survivors, who litter the streets and die meaningless deaths. he author points out that the rickshaws appear throughout the story; in fact, they could be considered other characters in the story because they are so important to the rickshaw drivers' lives. The paper states that owning your own rickshaw is a symbol of status in the rickshaw community. It symbolizes how hard the driver has worked to earn the money to pay for a new rickshaw and the driver's freedom from those who rent rickshaws to drivers; therefore, the rickshaw itself is a symbol of freedom and hope.
From the Paper
"To the drivers, the rickshaws are their lives (Lao 12), and so, they take on special significance as the story continues. When Tzu loses his rickshaw, his life takes another turn, for the rickshaw is his livelihood as well as his hope for the future, and he must start all over again on his quest for success. The rickshaw takes on special significance when the reader understands that the rickshaw could make the difference between life and death to its driver. Rickshaws are in fact the story, for the story would not exist without them. They symbolize freedom, but in Tzu's case, they also symbolize bondage, because as he works and works to buy his own rickshaws, he has no life other than work, and no desires other than the elusive rickshaw."
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'Rickshaw', 2006.
This paper discusses the social metaphor of the rickshaw about futile social striving in Lao She's 'Rickshaw'.
1,922 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the central titular metaphor of the rickshaw, both coveted and pulled by the central protagonist Hsaing Tzu, forms the core metaphor of Lao She's novel of the same name. The writer describes how the rickshaw symbolizes Tzu's desire and perceived ability to attain social success, despite his humble birth in the country and his lack of parents. The writer states that upon reading the novel, at first glance, a reader might be tempted to assume that the central visual metaphor of the rickshaw, of one enslaved being to another, as a man or woman pulls another on wheels, is merely visually striking. However, the writer explains that this relationship takes on a powerful social significance, as Tzu's desire for his rickshaw and status as a rickshaw puller come to symbolize his fetishizing of money. The writer discusses his willingness to abase himself for social mobility and eventually, the rickshaw 'relationship' between puller and pulled comes to symbolize the nature of most relationships between people over the course of the novel.
From the Paper
"Unlike family relationships, idealized in Confucian texts, commercial employment of any kind is a rickshaw relationship. A marriage entered into not for honorable reasons, but for social advancement, is also enslaving to both parties, as Tzu's wife discovers. Thus Lao She's socially conscious characters relate to objects, rather than to people and ancestors, as they should according to Confucian philosophy. A rickshaw driver like Tzu is a willing vocational slave to a trade through Chinese city dust, rain, summer heat, and winter cold. Hsaing Tzu's fetishizing his ownership of a rickshaw is still evidence of his enslavement to money and work, even though he sees it as liberation.
Tzu's fetisihizing the rickshaw, like his wife's fetishizing of the institution of marriage with a man for social advancement rather than to have children and obey her husband like a good Confucian wife, however, is not a psychological statement, as it might be in a Western novel."
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Laos and its Poverty, 2005.
An overview of some different methods of helping Laos with its current poverty crisis and also ways to reduce land degradation.
776 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Laos is a poverty stricken area of Asia and in dire needs of intervention to help make it efficient in providing enough food for everyone while maintaining a healthy environment. Laos faces environmental disaster if no one intervenes. This paper looks at how there are cost efficient ways to produce more water for crops and how the use of organic pesticides will also help to protect the crop. It discusses how protecting Laos's biodiversity is important to the environment and species that are on the endangered list.
From the Paper
"To lesson the environmental impact of slash-and-burn farming, Laos needs to choose a better and safer form of farming. "(...) Tiny dams high in the hills that catch rain or spring water, which then runs down flumes and ditches into rice paddies. The Australian project also helps to repair the village social groups that keep these irrigation systems in working order." (Bryant, 1991) This lessons the waist of water. Water quality is important to the people and the way it is used but do not know natural ways to control and treat run off from higher levels. The lower you live downhill, the less water you may receive during the dry season. "
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Martin Luther King and Lao Tzu, 2004.
Compares the philosophies of two great leaders, Martin Luther King and Chinese Lao Tzu.
1,034 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Martin Luther King of the modern United States and Lao-Tzu of ancient China were two great philosophers whose great differences stemmed from their core beliefs. The paper shows that Lao-Tzu believed that the way for humankind to achieve happiness was to connect fully with nature and to not try to control everyday events. It shows, in comparison, that Martin Luther King believed that humankind should confront evil and correct the wrongs of the world.
From the Paper
"King?s philosophy was more in line with that of Confucius, who believed that people must make a social difference. However, Lao-Tzu?s approach to ?do nothing? was not the same as King?s approach to ?do nothing? when demonstrators were attacked. Lao-Tzu?s view was mystical. He would have recognized that while Martin Luther?s King?s approach may have appeared to be ?doing nothing? at first, actually it was the final action of an elaborate plan designed to make a very big social difference. It started with King?s followers educating the activists very careful about the philosophy of non-violence. They planned where they would demonstrate, and when. They planned what they would wear and exactly what they would do when they ?did nothing.?"
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Plato's Cave vs. Lao-tzu's Way, 2002.
A critical analysis comparing Plato's "Allegory of the Cave," a section taken from "The Republic" and Lao-tzu's "Tao-te Ching."
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer shows how Plato and Lao-tzu both display similarities within their theme of enlightenment and political success and the modern day influence of their works. However, the methods of dialogue and poetry to present their writings helps to maintain their philosophical uniqueness.
From the Paper
"Philosophy is the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct . Plato, a Greek writer and teacher, is thought to be one of the most influential thinkers in Western philosophy. In his work, "The Allegory of the Cave," he discusses politics and perception within a symbolic narrative. Lao-tzu's "Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching," is another document containing philosophical ideology, focusing on government and moral behavior. Both Plato and Lao-tzu display similarities within their theme and their influence in the modern world; however, one distinct variation they possess is the method in which their material is presented."
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Thought Processes: Plato, Machiavelli, Lao-Tzu, 2002.
This paper compares the works of Plato, Machiavelli and Lao-Tzu.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the works of Plato, Machiavelli and Lao-Tzu.
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Lao Tzu's "DaoDeJing" and the "Zhuangzi", 2008.
This paper explores the themes of inaction and spontaneity as discussed in Lao Tzu's "DaoDeJing" and by the "Zhuangzi".
1,985 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Chinese philosophical tradition has produced two preeminent doctrines on the ways to achieve a balanced life: Lao Tzu's "DaoDeJing" and the "Zhuangzi" (named after its alleged author). The author points out that, although both doctrines center on a mutual concept of the Tao as a way of life, the two texts differ in their explanations of the power of non-action and the virtue of spontaneity. The paper relates that the opening passage of the "DaoDeJing", entitled 'The Way', presents a refined definition of the Tao (Dao) with a directive for negotiating the universe. The author underscores that there is a close parallel between 'wu-wei', which is the principle of non-action from 'The Way' and Zhuangzi's characterization of the flow of nature. The paper concludes that the notions regarding action and inaction in the "DaoDeJing" and the "Zhuangzi" are merely divergent interpretations of the same end goal to feel, perceive and act with balance.
From the Paper
"The concept of inaction as it is characterized in the DaoDeJing should not be taken as an endorsement of a stagnant life, a lazy approach to responsibilities or a metaphysical doctrine designed to subvert practicality in the interests of spiritual enlightenment. Quite to the contrary, it is a means though which the subscriber is advised to take on the challenges, suffering and shortcoming of expectations in life, as well as the means through which one remains level through the achievements, joy and attainment of his pursuits. Thus, it is remarked upon as a strategy of finding balance in the distracting rigors of the human experience."
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"Rickshaw", 2001.
Discusses Leo She's novel & theme of moral decadence of Chinese people. Centers on downfall of a poor rickshaw man & his moral deterioration in a greedy & morally indifferent society.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"By depicting the life of Hsiang Tzu in vivid detail and the many characters who cross his path in Rickshaw, Lao She captures the moral decadence of the Chinese people. According to Lao She, the ?Individualism? of the Chinese results in their failure to unite and commit to a national cause (James viii-ix). Hsiang Tzu, the protagonist of this book, is driven by his selfish pursuits. Believing that owning a rickshaw is the key to his financial security, he steals customers from other rickshaw pullers and leads a secluded existence except when he craves sympathy for his misfortunes. Yet Hsiang Tzu is not the only selfish character. In fact, he is frequently the victim of individuals who are even more despicable."
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CIDA's Involvement in Laos, 2002.
A look at how international help will assist farmers in Sri Lanka.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This proposed project is an effort to help landless farmers in rural Sri Lanka, a country beset by civil war since 1983. Early Grameen ventures in Bangladesh enabled peasants to buy implements. Landless peasants were helped to buy milch cows to better feed their children and create milk-selling opportunities. Grameen styled projects can now involve computer or telephone networks, or other small businesses created by former peasants.
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Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu, 1995.
Compares philosophies, impact on Taoism, ideas on immortality and individuality, implications for governing oneself and others.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine Taoism in terms of the impact of that religion of Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu. The study will compare these two men's philosophies and ideas as they relate to Taoism, and will explore the implications of their thoughts for governing oneself and others. Also included will be the consideration of the relationship of their approaches and contemporary counterculture.
A comparison with the conformity of Confucianism shows the non-conformity to be a clear reflection of contemporary counterculture. The latter rejects the traditional culture just as Taoism rejects Confucianism. It is no surprise, then, to find the contemporary counterculture leaning toward Taoist thought, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu in its attempts to find an alternative world view and a fresh, radical, individualized and more ..."
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Plato & Lao-tzu, 1999.
Describes views of Western & Eastern thinkers on nature of reality, dualism, yin-yang and idealism.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Human beings have from the beginning tried to discover the relationship between themselves and the universe in which they live. They noted the life cycle of birth, life, and death and wondered if there was something more beyond, and this a question that has been addressed by religion and philosophy ever since. Taoism as represented by the writings of Lao-Tzu and Idealism as represented by Plato differ in certain key aspects of how the world is viewed, how human beings are thought to relate to that world, and so the philosophy developed by each writer. Lao-Tzu is a pantheistic thinker and views the human being as one with the universe. Plato, like most Western philosophers, sees a dualism between man and nature and within man himself, separating mind and body. Plato is even more of a dualist in that he sees this world as a reflection of an ideal world existing on some.."
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Cultural Geography in South East Asia, 2002.
Examines the cultural geography of Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, focusing on Buddhism and ethnicity.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this paper, 3 countries in Southeast Asia (Laos, Myanmar and Thailand) are described from the perspective of cultural geography. The role of Buddhism and ethnicity are evaluated in relation to these countries and the value of a cultural geography is discussed as a tool for enabling an understanding of cultural differences and the relevance of geography to culture.
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Two Languages Universal Messages, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the Thai language and the language of the Laotians in Laos.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This presents a comparison of two languages, the Thai language spoken in Thailand and the language of the Laotians in Laos. The author of this paper takes the reader through a short explanation of the languages and then a comparison of them.
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Witnessing a Buddhist Service, 2008.
A personal account of the author's first visit to a Buddhist temple, the Lao Wat Buddhavong in Washington, D.C.
2,320 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is a personal account of witnessing a Buddhist service at the Lao Wat Buddhavong in Washington, D.C. The author concedes that despite his reading, research, and consultation with those who were influenced by eastern philosophical ideals, it was not until he paid a visit to the Laotian Buddhist temple that he began to develop a genuine understanding of the applied tenets and principles of one of the world's oldest and most pervasive faiths. He recounts in detail his experience of participating in the chanting and guided meditation of the service. To conclude, the author imparts that his experience led him to realize that the Buddhist faith is a tradition founded not upon man's attempt to transcend his nature in search of God, but instead to understand the inherently spiritual nature of himself.
From the Paper
"I was initially somewhat apprehensive when I entered the large and distinct looking Buddhist Temple which lay on a many-acred plot of land just outside of the Washington, D.C. beltway area. Based in the Laotian tradition of the Buddhist faith, the Wat Lao Buddhavong is immediately striking both inside and out, for its ornate modesty. If this notion seems a contradiction, it would appear less so to me as I would come to more intimately understand the ideology underscoring Buddhism. Indeed, as I would learn much about the duality of man as seen through the eyes of the Buddha during my one day communion with the faith, it would become increasingly clear to me that the temple itself is less a house of worship, as we might choose to view it according to the predominant Western perspective on the practice of faith, but it is a reflection of the principles and precepts of The Way. The prime concern of the Buddha, The Way refers to the path down which one's daily life must tread in the pursuit of balance."
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