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Language, Truth and Morality, 2007.
This paper explores Rorty's and Nietzsche's philosophies about the nature of truth.
1,665 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that philosophy has been interpreted and analyzed in various ways by scholars and thinkers. Each of which established the basis of a new theory or developed the guidelines of old ones. The paper discusses the works of Richard Rorty, one of the most appreciated contemporary philosophers, and shows how in his 1989 "Contingency, Irony and Solidarity" he follows in the footsteps of Nietzsche's "Beyond Good and Evil." The paper explains Rorty's theory that philosophy should consist of a more personal experience which must be released from the strains of modern and classical dogmatism. The paper discusses how his beliefs stand against the idea of an absolute truth, that which is expressed through a common and strict language.
From the Paper
"In regard to the own self, Rorty bases his modern society on the "liberal ironist", one that unwilling to accept the surrender to the will of the others, such as Nietzsche's "herd", decides to exercise its will and "reconcile themselves to a private-public split within their final vocabularies, to the fact that resolution of doubts about one's final vocabulary has nothing to do with attempts to save other people from pain and humiliation" (Rorty 120). Here, unlike Nietzsche, Rorty points to his expectations in the liberal society."
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Morality and Truth, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the views of Plato and the Bible on morality and truth.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the concepts of morality and truth have been defined since the beginning of time, how idealists such as Plato defined morality in a deliberate manner, and how the Bible defines morality and truth in much the same manner. It looks at how the Bible has established principles and laws that govern how a society should operate, how it supports the idea that a moral and true society operates for the benefit and good of all men, and that all men are subject to the same rules and regulations. These ideas and principles are explored further within this paper.
From the Paper
"Ethics according to Plato involved deliberately thinking about one's decisions, the "art of reasoning about morality, a reflective exercise on a moral rule" (Steffensen, 1966). Morality and ethics actually are tied hand in hand according to Plato. The actual decision an individual makes regarding anything reflects upon what truths this person believes to be real. A decision is merely in essence the course of action one selects. Plato would also observe however, that some decisions lie in a person's deduction or reasoning of why one option should be taken over another. He might argue that we make a decision and only then finding a way to justify it. Plato also comments in "The Republic" that reality exists only as far as some people can see (Beatty, 1976)."
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Absolute Truth and the Relativity of Truth, 2005.
Are there absolute truths or is truth relative? A review of the philosophical concept of truth and an extended discussion of the movie, "Rashomon", to see if the question is even understandable.
5,145 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the intelligibility of the philosophical understanding of truth as appearance and reality. After reviewing the nature of the philosophical picture of what constitutes truth, there is an extended discussion of an often-cited example of truth's relativity in the movie, "Rashomon". There is then a discussion of some other examples, which attempt to clarify the philosophical picture, only to conclude that the philosophical posing of truth and appearance is actually not yet understandable.
From the Paper
"In Theaetetus Socrates quotes Protagoras with what is possibly the first clear statement of the relativist: that "man is the measure of all things" and that anything "is to me such as it appears to me, and is to you such as it appears to you1/4" (856, 152a) On the other hand, there is Plato's well-known allegory of the cave in the Seventh Book of the Republic, (747- 750, 514a-518b) in which he advances the notion that there is an ultimate truth that lies beyond our interpretations or appearances of that truth. But how understandable are both the notions of relativism and of an absolute truth?"
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The Truth About Truth, 2006.
A philosophical look at the meaning of truth.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at all the aspects of truth as we understand it. He identifies truth as something which could be universal and eternal and if it is, he examines whether it should be considered eternal or absolute. The author elaborates on these points and enters a deep discussion of how absolute truth can be assessed and defined. The author concludes the paper with his belief that truth is relative and therefore it cannot be absolute as absolute truth is eternal.
From the Paper
"One common mistake made by men is to allow ourselves to be led by our senses alone. I believe our senses do not always lead to truth. Senses can be deceiving, especially when relating dreams. In a dream one may feel things or see things, and when that person wakes up has to ponder for a second whether those things were real. Of course, those things experienced in a dream were not real, but for an instant that dreamer believed those things to be true. He was fooled by his senses. Although many will agree that in this case the senses do deceive us, still some will rely solely on their senses to guide them through life."
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Pilate as the Antithesis of Truth in Bacon's "Of Truth", 2002.
This paper discusses the essay "Of Truth" by Francis Bacon, looking primarily at the character of Pilate.
536 words (approx. 2.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 19.95
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Abstract
The writer argues that from the opening line of the essay Pilate reveals himself as the antithesis, or opposite, of truth. The paper discusses the moral stance of Bacon in 1625 when he wrote essays requiring readers to look more deeply into history.
From the Paper
"Considering the opening line itself, it should be no surprise that Pilate is jesting when he asks, "what is Truth?" Having asked this question of Jesus, disregarded truth, and chosen instead "the wickedness of falsehood and breach of faith" (6), Pilate must be facetious because his embracing a lie has resulted in the pleasure of a "corrupt love of the lie itself" (6). More than that, however, Pilate's fickleness in approaching the subject of truth and then leaving reflects the delight of Skeptics in intellectual fickleness. Of course Pilate does not stay for an answer; to listen to Bacon's (or anyone's) thoughts on truth would point out Pilate's failing as a man of God as well as a citizen, for "clear and round dealing is the honour of man's nature" (7)."
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Concepts of Relativity and Truth: Finding Your Own Truth, 2000.
A discussion of Nietzsche's belief on deconstructing truth and the concept of relativism in terms of other thinkers.
793 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 28.95
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From the Paper
"The concept of relativism makes many ideas and concepts impossible to argue. The idea that every person and group acts and is entitled to live by their own perception of the truth allows such a difference in opinions that consilience among them seems to be impossible. Friedrich Nietszche wrote that we had to "deconstruct" truth because we can't allow ourselves to rely on truths that we think are absolute. To rely on an absolute truth is to put your trust into something that may prove false. John Stuart Mill wrote that an individual should be able to seek happiness and liberty, as long as that search does not encroach upon the happiness and liberty of another. In a sense, he speculated that each man has to search for his own truth. In finding his own truth, Nietszche would urge us to question those truths constantly, to make sure in ourselves that what we are believing in is true. "
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"On Truth and Lies in a Trans-Moral Sense", 2006.
Analyzes a passage in this work by Friedrich Nietzsche which relates to pride.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Friedrich Nietzsche, the prolific German philosopher often linked to German Volkism and unjustly associated with the rise of Nazism, in 1873 penned "On Truth and Lies in a Trans-Moral Sense." Despite its seemingly esoteric, metaphysical title, the message is presented with deadly clarity. In the passage which this paper discusses, Nietzsche attacks the human failing of pride, also lambasted in Judeo-Christian tradition. However, far from using a theological morality to justify his position, the philosopher's nihilistic approach merely states that pride is meaningless and should be regarded as such. This paper analyzes a passage from Nietzsche's "On Truth and Lies in a Trans-Moral Sense," offering the writer's reflections on the passage.
From the Paper
"Thus, in one fell swoop, the philosopher destroys the intellectual palaces and sacred shrines of philosophical, empirical, and epistemological tomes written over the centuries, claiming that all these opinions are pointless, of value only to their creators and the creators' listeners but saying virtually nothing. Nietzsche deals a further blow to bevies of Oxford dons, Classical scholars, and Greenwich Village poets by comparing their pride, derived from 'knowledge,' to that of a gnat."
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The Study of Language, 2001.
The following paper examines the theories of bilingualism and multilingalism, language acquisition and language learning, making reference to a number of case studies.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the theories on language acquisition and looks at the useful distinction between acquisition and learning. The writer also comments on approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages. Lastly the writer comments on interference as a factor in language learning.
Table of Contents
Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Diglossia
First Language Acquisition
Using a text-mapping device to depict the important stages in first-language acquisition
Theories on how language is acquired
Innateness
Cognition
Input
Approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages
Interference as a factor in language learning.
From the Paper
"Diglossia is the coexistence of two forms of the same language in speech community. The one form will often be the literary or prestige dialect, and the other one can be a dialect commonly spoken by most of the population. The term diglossia could also be used to indicate bilingualism, or the speaking of two languages by the people of the same community. An example for the first definition is the use of Dutch in Belgium. Dutch is one of the official languages in Belgium. Dutch-speaking Belgians are called the 'Flemish' where the French-speaking Belgians are called 'Walloons'. Dutch spoken by Belgians is also referred to as 'Flemish', which is not a literary form of the language, but a spoken 'dialect'. They are different varieties of the same language."
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Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky, 1993.
Discusses Chomsky's theory of language acquisition, in which there exists some sort of "language organ" that makes language possible for humans & impossible for animals.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 9 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"Nativist Theories of Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky
Introduction
According to Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991), nativist theories posit the existence of a specific, innate biological capacity or organ that makes learning possible. Some of those nativist theories are specific to language acquisition, with Noam Chomsky perhaps the earliest and foremost exponent of the theory that language acquisition follows a universal pattern based on an innate language organ, or system of hard-wiring within the brain.
Noam Chomsky and Universal Grammar
Chomsky became most visible in his struggles with the researchers who were working with chimpanzees and gorillas to ..."
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Nietzsche on Reason and Morality, 2007.
An examination of Friedrich Nietzsche's views on reason and morality.
1,755 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Friedrich Nietzsche's attempts to show the empty interior of the "idols", that is, the "truths" man has taken to heart so blindly. The paper focuses on Nietzsche's views regarding two such 'truths', reason and morality, and points out that it is not so much the falsity of these idols that Nietzsche wants brought to light but their life-denying qualities that have had such a tight grasp on our lives. The paper then asserts that Nietzsche's message for future generations was to not let reason and morality reign over mankind. The paper concludes that Nietzsche advocated that we question the 'truths' we hold so dear, those that seem to him to do little more than prevent us from living.
From the Paper
"Reason is the first enemy in Nietzsche's battle against the denial of life. At first he sets out to show how reason has progressed (starting with Plato) into a current form that is such denial of life that it caused nihilism to spread across Europe. When Plato first began investigating the world he came to the conclusion that what we experience here on earth could not be the reality or nature of world as it really was in itself. The importance Plato placed upon such earthly objects and occurrences (instead of a sort of self existence) was a representative quality, in which they were mere glimpses, place-holders for reality, the 'forms' of such a world that existed beyond the heavens. Thus the world became homage to truth rather than truth itself; this event, for Nietzsche, was the 'sun beginning to set'."
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Oralism vs. American Sign Language, 2007.
This paper argues in favor of the deaf or hard of hearing using American Sign Language or their native language over oralism or other methods of communication.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the tradition of oralism vs. American Sign Language (ASL) in the West. Specifically the researcher proposes that deaf and hard of hearing students should be afforded opportunities to learn using their native language or American Sign Language. Forcing students to adopt other methods of learning including oralism or Signing Exact English (SEE) may promote frustration and inhibits learning in the classroom. This paper reviews the potential merits and demerits of each tradition, highlighting the significance of providing students with resources to use ASL in the classroom.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Personal Philosophy
The Essential Nature of Human Beings
Basic Meaning or Purpose of Life
Determination of Morality
Constancy of Life: Unchanging or Always Changing?
Philosophy of Education
My Perception of an Educational Philosophy
Why do you need a Philosophy?
What has been the Basis or Source of your Educational Philosophy?
How has your Philosophy Changed or Evolved over Time?
My formal Ideological and Philosophical Orientation
The Purpose of Education, Teaching and Schooling
Are Students Intrinsically Motivated to Learn?
Should Schools Address Human Differences such as Multiple Intelligence, Learning Styles etc. ?
Topics
Knowledge and Content
Knowledge with Knowing
My Conceptual Framework for Improving my Practice
Theoretical Framework for Improving Practice
Skills Competencies Necessary
Educational Skills Required
Communication Skills and Content
Nonverbal Communication Skills
Verbal Communication
Influence of Interpersonal Relationships
Importance of Self-Identity
Peer Relations
Influence of Support Networks
Knowledge and Learning
Direct vs. Indirect Learning
Direct vs. Indirect Communication
Conclusion
Reference
From the Paper
"Many consider American Sign Language (ASL) the standard language beneficial for hard of hearing and deaf citizens. However, oralism shares a rich history much the same as ASL, and many often argue the potential merits and demerits of using one vs. another in an educational and communicational context. Wilcox & Peyton (1999) recognize that ASL is a fully developed language with unique grammar requirements distinguished from the English language (Coltrane, 2006). Oralism contrarily, involves lip reading to understand speech instead of using ASL to communicate with one another (Coltrane, 2006). This study will help review the merits and demerits of each, questioning whether one vs. the other is more beneficial for promoting communication and sharing among the deaf or hard of hearing community, or whether a combination of both may result in less frustrating choices among the hard of hearing and deaf community. "
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Nietzsche's "On Truth and Lying", 2006.
A review of "On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense" written by Nietzsche and a discussion of the effects of the concepts on society.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes, in depth, Friedrich Nietzsche's arguments in his essay "On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense". The paper focuses on the concepts that Nietzsche describes in his essay, of the creation of the metaphor, the importance of the lie and then discusses the effects that this process has on society.
From the Paper
"Truths shape our world. They are the ideas that impose a unified meaning on the chaos and indeterminacy of our lives. People devote themselves to these truths: wars are fought, Earth is subjugated, and culture is created. These rallying cries of civilization: justice, honor, virtue, stewardship, salvation, are the ghosts of our history who have tricked us into believing they are real and deserving of our attention. Nietzsche rages against this hoax in On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense."
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Teaching the English Language, 2008.
This paper discusses task based instruction in English language learning for English second language (ESL) students and presents a teaching module combining English language learning and social issues.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a task based curriculum provides students with the opportunity to apply immediately their learning to tasks on a consistent basis. The author points out that task based instruction provides students with a true learning experience in which they are capable of demonstrating learning through actual experience. The paper indicates that, as students perform tasks they are capable of building on the knowledge and skills that they have already acquired and realizing their abilities related to the unit of instruction. The author includes a module that focuses on the combination of English language learning and social issues, which are relevant to the student's learning and growth and will lead to positive outcomes in education.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
English Language Learning and Social Issues Module
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
Part Five
Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The module will focus on the theme of social issues and the target learning stage is intermediate, at grades 9-12. At this stage of learning and development high school students are consistently focusing on social issues that impact their everyday lives. Allowing these students to focus on these issues, as well as using English as a means to that expression will motivate the students toward successful completion of the unit. Additionally, tasks that are defined for the students that will allow them to realize their goals in the unit will support the learning and ensure retention of the skills and knowledge that have been acquired."
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Communicative Competence and Language Learning, 2007.
A look at the role of communicative competence and language learning when a learner is learning a second language.
1,517 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how language learners learning a second language need to develop their communicative competence in order to be able to communicate effectively with speakers of the target language. It discusses how this is because when one uses a language, one needs to take into consideration the purpose, the context and the person that one is addressing. It shows that when one has a good command of communicative competence in the target language, one will be able to communicate in the target language without many problems.
Outline:
Grammatical Competence
Discourse Competence
Sociolinguistic Competence
Strategic Competence
From the Paper
"Most scholars agree that there is some kind of fundamental difference between being able to use the forms of the language and being able to talk about the forms of the language. The relationship between those two kinds of knowledge is a controversial topic (Alptekin, 2002)5. Chomskyan syntax would reject the sentence 'colorless green ideas sleep furiously' as although it is grammatically correct, the sentence is illogical and does not provide a clear meaning. It would also not accept sentences that have subtle semantic differences such as 'my lust for the polish people'. "
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English, The Global Language, 2005.
This paper discusses the advantages of learning English as the global languages to be used by all the world; however, this presents a danger to the native culture.
4,640 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that English is the most likely of all languages to create a useful global lingua franca (language of trade); therefore, teaching English globally is only logical. The author contends that, because of the strong link between language and culture, the globalization of the English language threatens other languages and cultures with extinction; therefore the method of teaching English as a second or foreign language is important. The paper relates that young students, who are most at risk of becoming indoctrinated into speaking English as their dominant language rather than their native language, should be taught in a bi-lingual program which stresses the values of the native language and culture, while teaching English as a useful second global lingua franca.
Table of Contents
Language Dominance and English-as-a-Second Language Education
The Relationship between Culture and Language
Can Teaching EFL be a Threat to Local Ways of Life and Languages?
The Importance and Advantages of Learning to Use English
Balancing between Globalism and Local Culture
From the Paper
"There are several ways in which English is taught as a second language in other countries. Many nations include English education in primary schools. This is common not only in countries where English is a primary official or natural language, but also in countries that merely wish their educated youth to be able to communicate in English. Most European countries teach English as a second language to their young. Most people who learn English in school will not be likely to need EFL instruction later in life. Another form of English education involves teaching by non-native English teachers who instruct academically, much as one would learn a foreign language in America. These classes may be instructed both in English and the student''s native language and tend to focus more on aspects like appropriate grammar and spelling than on mere usage. EFL instruction, on the other hand, tends to be taught by native English speakers entirely in English."
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