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Language for Individuals and Society, 2002.
An essay on the importance of language.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of language because the world is socially constructed. It includes a critical discussion of language acquisition, the opportunities and limitations, and the consequences that language produces for the individual and society.
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Language, the Individual and Society., 2002.
A discussion on human language acquisition and its consequences for the individual and society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay will explore how human beings acquire this language structure, the opportunities and limitations of this acquisition, and some of the consequences of language for the individual and society. In the context of the above assertions, language can be understood to play a double role; it both fashions humanity in its structure and simultaneously allows humanity freedom to redefine itself and the world around it
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Language and Defining Individuality, 2005.
A discussion of the works of Eva Hoffman, Malcolm X, and Maxine Hong-Kingman.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the works of Eva Hoffman, Malcolm X, and Maxine Hong-Kingman in relation to language. The paper further focuses on the writings of these individuals that expressed how language defined them as human beings, and how it further aided them in expanding their knowledge of the world. The paper examines how, through language, these writers were capable of expressing themselves in a manner that was accepted through society; yet, each grew to fully comprehend the origins of their lives, and embrace their individual characteristics that grounded them in the world.
From the Paper
"Perceptions of other people may be made through their physical appearance, their attitudes toward life, or in the manner in which they speak. Language can be considered a barrier to understanding others, or a link to stereotypes of cultures that are not universally understood. Malcolm X believed that by not fully comprehending the English language he was forcing himself to be classified as an ignorant black man. Eva Hoffman contended that through her language origins it was difficult to be accepted in a society that was supposed to be welcoming all people. Maxine Hong Kingston believed that her alternative language was distasteful to many Americans, although it was undeniably part of who she had been born to be in the world."
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Language and Society: What is Sociolinguistics., 1999.
An analysis of language and the role it plays in society. A look at the field of sociolinguistics.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
Language is one of the most powerful emblems of social behavior. The relationship of language and society puts forward a field of study called sociolinguistics. It is the study of relationships between language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and how languages function in communication. This paper discusses what sociolinguistics is all about, looks at language, dialects, gender differences in speech and the issues of language and culture.
From the Paper
"When two people communicate with each other, we call the system of communication they use language. In the normal transfer of information they also send vital social messages about who they are, where they come from, and with whom they are associated. To point out how much there is to say about language and society, let me refer to an example used by R.A.Hudson in Sociolinguistics. It pertains to a society of about 10, 000 Indians that occupy an area half in Brazil, half in Columbia. These Indians are divided in twenty tribes, which are grouped in five phratries. There are three crucial facts about this society that are subject to interest and present the relationship between society and language. First of all, each tribe speaks different language. Second, the five phratries are exogamous, which means that a man cannot marry a woman from the same phratry. Considering these two facts, we easily come to the following linguistic consequence: a man?s wife must speak different language. The third crucial fact is that marriage is patriocal. A rule states that the woman speaks to her children using only her husband?s language. The linguistic consequence is that a mother teaches her children a language she speaks as a foreigner (thus one can hardly call the children?s first language their mother tongue). This Indian community can be referred to as a ?sociolinguistic phenomenon?. It is the perfect example for the complicated relationship language-societyand a clear answer to the question why we need sociolinguistics."
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Individualism in Language, 2006.
An evaluation of the interpretation of language.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper studies language, the most important communication tool that humans use in their relationship with their fellow humans. As the paper demonstrates, words are not only the fundamental and primordial element of communication, they are also a means of connecting two individuals and giving expression and philosophical interpretation to that connection. This paper attempts to understand how that connection can be understood -- and misunderstood -- given the myriad ways language can be and is interpreted. The paper also concentrates on how the interpretation of language can alter the meaning of the actual words used in communication.
From the Paper
"The easiest way to define the intrinsic meaning of a word would be to relate it to its definition. According to Higginbotham and his "Elucidation of meaning", "there still may be a place in lexical semantics for some contribution of definitions to meaning" . Following on Higginbotham's explanation, there are several further elucidations that need to be interpreted. The first thing that comes to mind would be whether or not a definition of a word or term is identical with the meaning of that respective term. From a philosophical perspective, this cannot be so. First of all, the definition of a term is a mean by which a word is described. There is no philosophical certitude that the respective definition of a term covers all the characteristics of the word. It simply may be that some of these are left out or that the definition covers the term only from a certain perspective."
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Language and the Socially Constructed World, 2002.
Looks at the purpose, acquisition, limitations and benefits, and the consequences of language for individuals and society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of language in a socially constructed world. It discusses language acquisition, its limitations and benefits, and the consequences of language for individuals and society.
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Language as Tradition and Experience, 2004.
Examines the concept of language as tradition and experience in discourses by Chang-Rae Lee, Dennis Baron, and Amy Tan.
1,003 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Language as a tradition and experience illustrates the holistic effect of language to individuals. In the field of social psychology, it is posited that language determines thought, and this hypothesis, called the theory of linguistic relativity, is proposed by Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir. The theory shows how language determines people?s perceptions of their social realities as experienced and related to within their society. Chang-Rae Lee ("Mute in an English-Only World"), Dennis Baron ("Don?t Make English Official-Ban it Instead"), and Amy Tan ("Mother Tongue") confront this issue in discourses on language as tradition and experience. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the authors? works and arguments about language and its function and meaning for the individual and society.
From the Paper
"Baron uses the academic approach in portraying English as a tradition, a functional system of codes that enables people to interact with each other in the society. Using this as his primary thesis, Baron argues that English should not be implemented as the country?s national language, since ?it?s hardly even English anymore.? The hybridization of English in America is the result of the assimilation of other languages of people with various nationalities who immigrate and live in America. Because of the emergence of hybrid, pseudo-American languages, it cannot be possible to determine the ?purity? of English as a language anymore. Thus, implementing English per se defeats the purpose of language for society?that is, to let people interact and understand each other. However, Baron?s argument does not conclude definitively, since as he confesses, ?there is no obvious candidate? that would be fitting to become an alternative to English. Thus, Baron?s arguments is halted and brought to a standstill, since his arguments against the language pertains only to its function as tradition, and not as an argument against English as a language experienced by its users."
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Human Language, 2007.
This paper discusses human language and speech.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that speech as a phenomenon is only characteristic of humans. The introduction of speech and language is an event that cannot be compared to anything in human history. The writer points out that speech and language opened the door for easy and clear communication, thus enabling the distribution of knowledge, feelings and experiences among individual humans. The writer discusses that language plays an important role not only on the broad level of human race as a whole, but also on the level of every individual in the human race. It is not a static phenomenon. The writer notes that language changes within societies we live in but also the individuals within the societies change the language as they move from one environment to another and as they gather new experiences and knowledge. The writer concludes that language is not only a medium of communication. It also has deep significance for the cultural and social identity of an individual.
From the Paper
"The foundation of language and speech is of course in our physiological ability to express ourselves vocally. However, even though every one of us has this ability, we cannot start expressing ourselves verbally using spoken language from the moment we are born. We rather learn to speak, we learn to use the language in everyday life much like the humans did at some point in history. However, today we learn to speak with the help of our closest environment which is most often family. The first words or "vocal signs" we learn to use are often tied to the need for sharing our desires in the way most part of environment can understand and interpret. Simply by replacing mute, gesticulate "signs" of pointing, making faces or dancing, or "signs" of crying and grunting; with the "verbal sign" "angry" humans manage to establish contact with their broader environment."
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Contemporary Language, 2006.
This paper examines the development of language in relation to society today.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that contemporary language often gives us important insights into our society and culture. This is not surprising; the paper explains how after all, our words are shaped by our society and culture and our society and culture in turn shape our words. In fact the two are so integrally related that it is very much a chicken and egg situation; it is difficult to say which comes first.
From the Paper
"Language progresses with the development of society, with the result that every time Oxford University Press publishes an update of their authoritative dictionary, they need to add in new words that have been coined due to popular discourse."
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Law of Language, 2005.
A look at the impact of police language and communication on society and the judicial system.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses police communication and law of language in courts and how it has impacted society in terms of language and cultural barriers. Forensic linguistics is also examined in terms of how police and the courts of law utilize linguists in trials. This document covers linguistic techniques and approaches such as the sliding-scale method.
From the Paper
"Mention linguistics and the law in the same sentence and most people think of police cases involving handwriting or stylistic analysis to develop a writer profile for some piece of evidence, such as the ransom note in the JonBen? Ramsey murder investigation (Gibbons, 2003). Language is not only an essential component of culture, it is also part of a person's identity and serves as an important function in the exchange of ideas and information (Henrard, 2000). Language must be seen as a necessary precondition to the maintenance of human dignity (Kaplan, 1993). Language rights are crucial from the angle of substantive equality, non-discrimination on the basis of language, equal enjoyment of public services, and equal opportunities (Perkins, 2004)."
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Language, 2008.
An analysis of the theories and uses of language in different societies.
1,284 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses language as a verbal communication code. The paper describes language as a labyrinthine set of variables governing the communication process. It looks at some of the theories of language and the areas of language that they focus on. The paper also discusses the different uses of language in different cultures from an anthropological point of view.
From the Paper
"As the primary means of social discourse, language is at once universal and parochial. Surviving without language would be akin to living off of berries and nuts; it is possible but not desirable. Human beings are social creatures and language is a staple of interpersonal relationships, the glue that holds friends, families, and societies together. Even individuals who cannot rely on verbal communication like the hearing impaired have languages. Their languages use gestures instead of words but they are still languages with components like vocabulary, structure, synonymy, and semantics. Taking language for granted is easy until we encounter those who cannot communicate. For instance, autistic individuals or persons with aphasia due to stroke become visibly frustrated from their inability to capitalize on language. Unable to feed off of the building block of human communication, being language impaired is like being malnourished. I seek, through a continual enrichment of my vocabulary and awareness of linguistic form and structure, to nourish myself with language."
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The Study of Language, 2001.
The following paper examines the theories of bilingualism and multilingalism, language acquisition and language learning, making reference to a number of case studies.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the theories on language acquisition and looks at the useful distinction between acquisition and learning. The writer also comments on approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages. Lastly the writer comments on interference as a factor in language learning.
Table of Contents
Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Diglossia
First Language Acquisition
Using a text-mapping device to depict the important stages in first-language acquisition
Theories on how language is acquired
Innateness
Cognition
Input
Approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages
Interference as a factor in language learning.
From the Paper
"Diglossia is the coexistence of two forms of the same language in speech community. The one form will often be the literary or prestige dialect, and the other one can be a dialect commonly spoken by most of the population. The term diglossia could also be used to indicate bilingualism, or the speaking of two languages by the people of the same community. An example for the first definition is the use of Dutch in Belgium. Dutch is one of the official languages in Belgium. Dutch-speaking Belgians are called the ?Flemish? where the French-speaking Belgians are called ?Walloons?. Dutch spoken by Belgians is also referred to as ?Flemish?, which is not a literary form of the language, but a spoken ?dialect?. They are different varieties of the same language."
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Language, 2005.
An analysis of language and how it sets human beings apart from other species.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the acquisition of language, opportunities and limitations of language and the consequences of language for individuals and society. The paper discusses the way in which language sets human being apart from other species. However, it also presents the argument that the language skills shown by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) show that humans are not unique in this regard.
From the Paper
"Acquisition of Language, Opportunities and Limitations of Language, and the Consequences of Language for Individuals and Society One of the extraordinary things about human beings is our ability to communicate via language, whether spoken or written. In fact, it is argued that this is the one thing that sets us apart from all other species. Some have argued that the "language skills" shown by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) show that humans are not unique in this regard. (Rumbaugh and Velichkovsky) However, it is here argued that - notwithstanding the fact that chimps can learn to sign for bananas - the only species that has real language in a meaningful sense is the human species."
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Language and Sexism, 2004.
An analysis of language's role in sustaining inequality between the sexes.
2,975 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role played by language in sexism. The paper examines whether language is the cause of sexism or whether sexism causes certain language. The paper contends that this might be impossible to distinguish, but assesses that language clearly plays a key role in perpetuating sexism and inequality between men and women. The paper claims that sexist language reveals the gender-bias that is pervasive in society. Sexist language takes many forms. From gender-related words used as insults or compliments to the sexualizing of previously gender-neutral words, the paper presents a myriad of examples of how the English language helps foster a chauvinistic society. The paper explores how the normalization of the male and reliance on masculine pronouns and nouns marginalizes the existence of women in society.
From the Paper
"Gender-based words also play a role in maintaining sexual inequality when used in an insulting manner. For example, some of the most pejorative insults in the English language consist of calling a person a derogatory term for a vagina. Not only is the "p" word one of the ultimate insults that a person can levy towards a man, it has also become synonymous with an absolute lack of courage. Given that women use their vaginas to bring forth life, in what is almost universally recognized as an extremely painful process, the fact that a euphemism for the word "vagina" has become synonymous with the word "coward" indicates how language helps perpetuate sexual inequality."
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Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky, 1993.
Discusses Chomsky's theory of language acquisition, in which there exists some sort of "language organ" that makes language possible for humans & impossible for animals.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 9 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"Nativist Theories of Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky
Introduction
According to Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991), nativist theories posit the existence of a specific, innate biological capacity or organ that makes learning possible. Some of those nativist theories are specific to language acquisition, with Noam Chomsky perhaps the earliest and foremost exponent of the theory that language acquisition follows a universal pattern based on an innate language organ, or system of hard-wiring within the brain.
Noam Chomsky and Universal Grammar
Chomsky became most visible in his struggles with the researchers who were working with chimpanzees and gorillas to ..."
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