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Thomas Kuhn and Michael Oakeshott, 2004.
A comparative analysis of philosophies of science of Thomas Kuhn and Michael Oakeshott.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Thomas Kuhn?s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" is certainly the most influential book in terms of the way modern philosophy of science is conducted. It discusses how Kuhn?s theory of the process of scientific revolutions stems from his belief that scientific progress is not made in some tidy rational way, but, in fact, proceeds in a way that is based on all sorts of nonrational systems. In comparison, it looks at how Michael Oakeshott?s "Experience and its Modes" doesn?t discuss the history of scientific revolutions, per se, and there are a great number of resonances between Oakeshott?s and Kuhn?s respective projects. It shows how Oakeshott?s work is generally more holistic in its overall reach as it attempts to discuss the limits and nature of human epistemology on a grand scale and how his work is relevant to Kuhn?s because he does consider science as one of these modes of epistemology.
From the Paper
"Thus, the radical argument here in Kuhn?s idea is that science is not a rational process of gradual adding to already known information as theorists often claim. Rather, it is a turbulent dynamic system, in which ways of knowing are constantly shifting in dynamic ways that attack the basic epistemology of science. Anyone who doubts that basic epistemological issues are at the heart of many scientific debates rather than just accumulating new knowledge would do well to look at Quantum Mechanic for example, which, unlike most of the rest of science, claims that you cannot necessarily predict the outcome of a specific event, only the probability of a specific outcome."
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Thomas Kuhn, 2006.
A discussion of Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions, a three-stage cyclical process of change in science that encompasses normal science, crisis and revolution. The paper both supports and critiques Kuhn's views, referring to a number of Web sites related to his theory.
From the Paper
"Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolution encompasses a repetitive and ongoing cyclical process that involves three stages: normal science, crisis and scientific revolution. It is during the stage of normal science that scientists..."
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Thomas Kuhn, 2004.
Analyzes five Web sites' treatment of Thomas Kuhn's science history ideas.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and reviews five Internet sites that deal with Thomas S. Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions as paradigm shifts.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine a representative example of Internet sites that deal in some detail with Thomas S. Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions as paradigm shifts. The plan of the research will be to set forth the fundamental principles of Kuhn's theory and then to identify Internet sites that critique it with a view toward establishing a sense of how well regarded Kuhn's views are in the current period. "
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The Scientific Revolution According to Thomas Kuhn, 1999.
The paper questions whether science moves forward in a cumulative and progressive manner, or if it moves forward in leaps and bounds?
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Science can be broadly defined as the development of knowledge about the physical world. The history of science is the explanation of the development of this knowledge. Science is often viewed as cumulative and progressive by its nature. Such views, however, can have profound implications because not all scientists or theorists follow the cumulative view. Scientists use both deductive and inductive reasoning to hypothesize the possibility of a useful theory. They also seem to be able to decide or discover more easily which theories are false rather than which theories are true. While the proving or disproving of scientific theory plays a vital part in the growth of science and scientific inquiry, the way that the actual progress or creation and discovery of new ideas and paradigms of thought is at the center of scientific research. Does science move forward in a cumulative and progressive manner or does it move forward in leaps and bounds? "
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Kuhn s Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2002.
Provides an overview of Thomas Kuhn's approach to understanding scientific knowledge.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Thomas S. Kuhn's structural account on the production of scientific knowledge constructs a generalized picture of the process by which a science is born and undergoes change and development. This paper explains that for Kuhn, science is a social system. It looks at how Kuhn analyzes the structure of scientific revolutions using several key concepts. He uses the term paradigm for an archetypal experiment or problem solution that implicitly tells scientists how to look at the world. This paper discusses how Kuhn's thesis about scientific authority utilizes the notion of normal science which he defines as science that uses a past achievement as a model and guide for formulating and solving new problems about the world which are based on paradigms. In addition, scientific revolutions occur when one paradigm is replaced by another. The writer also explains that as a result, paradigms play an important role in both normal science and scientific revolutions.
From the Paper
"The production of scientific knowledge undergoes six main steps. The first is a pre-paradigm stage in which the natural phenomena that later form the subject matter of a mature science are studied and explained from widely differing points of view. Next comes the emergence of a paradigm, embodied in the published works of one or more recognized scientists, defining and exemplifying the concepts and methods of research appropriate to the study of a certain class of natural phenomena, and serving as an inspiration to further research by its promise of success in explaining those phenomena. The third stage in the development of scientific knowledge is a period of normal science in which theories are explored and scientific puzzles are solved. A critical stage is the discovery of natural phenomena that violate the expectations governed by paradigms. In this stage, new theories are designed to explain these anomalous facts and then an abrupt transition to a new paradigm takes place in which a new conceptual and methodological framework arises which replaces the old. The final stage in the structure of scientific knowledge is the continuation of normal science within the new paradigm. This continues until the whole process repeats itself."
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Natural Law According to Thomas Hobbes and St.Thomas Aquinas, 2000.
The following essay discusses the existence and meaning of natural law.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines why many theorists reject the existence of natural law as well as why many agree to its being defined as a set of innate moral principles which are common to all human beings. It is the aim of this paper to identify and discuss the important similarities and differences that exist between the two theories making reference to the theories of Thomas Hobbes (1588 - 1679) and St.Thomas Aquinas (1224/25 - 1274).
From the Paper
"Aquinas proposed that the essential quality setting human beings apart from the rest of the animal world was that of reason. In a development of Aristotle's theory.Aquinas asserts that all men naturally possess an internalized divine spark of reason,which serves as the guide to an autonomous and responsible decision making process."
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Thomas Paine as a Patriot, 2009.
A discussion of the importance of the writings of Thomas Paine and his role as a patriot.
2,831 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to educate the reader on the importance of Thomas Paine's writings and his passion for independence. It discuses Paine's influence on the common man and also his influence, if any, on men known to be "great men" in history such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin. In addition, the paper discusses whether Thomas Paine was the first to advocate the emancipation of the Negro in America, support women's rights or was the first to propose a constitutional government in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Thomas Paine Background Information
Was Thomas Paine a Patriot?
The Passion Present in his Writings
Paine's Influence on Historic Figures
Thomas Paine- Influence on Common People
Thomas Paine--the Emancipation of Slaves and Women's Rights
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As it pertains to the other aims of the research, it is evident from the passages provided, that Thomas Paine had passionate feelings about America. He wrote many essays on various topics throughout his life. In some instances he wrote essays on the same topic over a number of years or months. He understood what the forefathers were trying to accomplish in the new world and he supported their endeavors. It is evident that Thomas Paine played a significant role in formulating the ideas and philosophies associated with the declaration of independence. Without the document and without the spirit behind that document America would not be the country that it is today. It still isn't a perfect union but it does have a pretty solid political structure in place."
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Thomas Fleming's "The Purchase of Louisiana", 2007.
This paper is a book report describing Thomas Fleming's "The Purchase of Louisiana", which details the diplomacy and rivalry surrounding President Thomas Jefferson's success in obtaining the Louisiana territory.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper states that Thomas Fleming's strong research in preparation to writing "The Louisiana Purchase" indicated that the United States wanted to gain control over access to the Mississippi River to be able to ship goods through to Spain and to provide safe harbor for American ships servicing the southern states. The author points out that Fleming argues that possibly Napoleon was willing to sell the Louisiana territory because he was more interested in diverting his attention to the unconquered areas of Egypt and India rather than the undeveloped areas of Louisiana. The paper stresses that the Louisiana Purchase was a victory with the rival French, established the U.S. as a world power and gave Americans a vast new and different land in which to acquire new lifestyles.
From the Paper
"It is obvious from the book that after the "Quasi War" or the undeclared war with France, relations were at a definite strain. These battles fought only at sea and lasted from 1798 to 1800. The tensions manifested themselves with France when they began seizing American ships and goods that were trading with the British. The hostilities between the U.S. and France became a major cause of frictions and physical confrontations primarily due to the greed over land and power that permeated the world at the time."
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The Poetics of T. S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas, 2005.
This paper compares the personalities and traditions in the poetics of T. S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the poetics of Dylan Thomas and T. S. Eliot demonstrate the manner in which Thomas challenges and re-figures the previous aesthetic ideas of Eliot. The author points out that, whereas Eliot views tradition as a cultural accumulation of literary works within which the writer participates, Thomas shatters these historical bonds. The paper relates that, although both authors strive to achieve an emotional complexity and depth in their work, Thomas refuses the sublimation of the poet's personality to the literary medium by embracing the medium itself with the entirety of his personality and composition as an act of celebration rather than repression. The author underscores that, through his playful love of all the elements and structures of language, Thomas is able to achieve an emotional depth rooted in the medium of literature without the sacrifice of the poet's personality.
From the Paper
"The value Eliot places upon tradition necessitates the depersonalization of the poet and the perfection of the medium of language to sufficiently express the concentration of the past and its convergence with the experience of the present. The personal experiences and emotions of the poet are too subjective to contain the enormity of what the present represents to literary history, so therefore he must engage in "a continual surrender of himself as he is at the moment to something which is more valuable." The poet is envisioned as a catalyst that collects and transforms his emotions and experiences into a new compound that is greater than the sum of its parts."
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Clarence Thomas, 2005.
Discusses the nomination and confirmation process of Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court.
1,881 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the controversial nomination and confirmation of Supreme Court Justice, Clarence Thomas. The paper looks at some of the organizations that opposed Thomas's nomination, the role of the American Bar Association in the selection process of Supreme Court justices, their evaluation of Thomas, and the intense controversy surrounding Thomas's nomination. The paper also examines the positions and the role of different interest groups throughout the controversy, as well as the conduct of journalists reporting on the story.
The American Bar Association
Conservative Victory Party and Citizens United
Alliance for Justice
Democratic Caucus
African American Women in Defense of Ourselves
The Press
From the Paper
"The nomination of Clarence Thomas launched a great deal of concern among liberal interest groups. Like Robert Bork, Clarence Thomas was an unashamed conservative. During the Thomas confirmation hearings, the traditional liberal African American special interest groups, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), moved away from other liberal groups to support the nomination of only the second African American to the Court (Herrnson, Shaiko & Wilcox 1998)."
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Dylan Thomas and Symbolism, 2006.
Examines symbolism in the poems written by poet, Dylan Thomas.
1,588 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
When one examines the early poems of Dylan Thomas, the contents and techniques of his volumes, with a few exceptions, beckon symbolic gestures. Conversely, other works by Thomas, also rich with symbolism, contain contrasts in diction and leave one to wonder if his critics are correct. Though to classify Thomas in any way might seem a futile task, the aim of this paper is to provide an examination of the similarities and contrasts of symbolic representations found in his early poems and in the poem "There was a Saviour." The paper shows that while the early poems of Thomas are a cornucopia of symbolism paralleled in content and style, "There was a Saviour" contains an exposition and subtexts that rarely meet in any similar fashion.
From the Paper
"In the analysis of "There was a Saviour," the peculiarity of its language compels us to set about constructing a meaning for it, and allows us to wonder how it is that the diction contain many contrasts not only within its own reading, but among his other poems. The poem in its entirety presents considerable difficulty. Even the syntax is difficult. The striking thing about the syntax is the peculiarity of the tenses and pronouns. Unlike the linear fashion that his other works exhibit, in reading "Saviour" it is difficult to make out what point in time we are supposed to be made aware of."
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Gospel of Thomas, 2002.
An argument for the Gospel of Thomas.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This is a study on the use of Gospels of Thomas in a time where, if the gospels of Luke, John, Mark and Mathew were newly circulating at the same time, how the choice for Thomas' Gospel will be made. The argument presented will tell how the Gospel of Thomas was a better way than the Old Testament in bringing the message of God the common people. With the advent of Thomas as the 'twin' of Jesus and the creation of this gospel was a good change for the Church and is supported here.
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St. Thomas Aquinas' Contribution to Christian Theology, 2002.
Discussion of the Thomas Aquinas' contributions to Christian theology.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
St. Thomas Aquinas contributed a great deal to the entirety of Christian Theology both during and after his life; particularly in his writings. St. Thomas, as he is referred to in short, was an astute Biblical scholar who was as devoted to the faith in human reason as he was in God. St. Thomas' tome, Summa Theological, is, literally, the summation of his understanding of theology. In this work Aquinas single-handedly justified and 'proved' the whole of the spiritual nature, the soul, God, and a Christian life. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the contributions of St. Thomas Aquinas to Christian theology and his impact upon Christianity itself.
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Dylan Thomas Confronting Death, 2002.
This paper looks at the popular poem by Dylan Thomas "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night", analyzing it in terms of meaning and values.
973 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the poem stanza by stanza as it speaks directly to Thomas' dying father. The paper describes the power of the language as Thomas urges his father to fight the onset of death. The conclusion of the paper addresses the reader as well, reminding us of Thomas' message to everyone to relish life.
From the Paper
"Dylan Thomas? ?Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night? is a poem written to his father, who was dying at the time Thomas wrote the poem. Instead of telling his father to accept his death with graciousness and thankfulness for a long life, in this poem, Thomas urges his father to fight against his own death. Each stanza of this poem shows a different view of death from people who differ in every way but one: they all have struggled to hold on to life."
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Thomas of Woodstock in "Richard II", 2005.
An examination of the importance of Thomas of Woodstock in Shakespeare's "Richard II".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how Thomas of Woodstock (the Duke of Gloucester) has been assassinated, before William Shakespeare's "Richard II" even begins. The paper elaborates that, despite being relegated to a back-story character, Thomas of Woodstock is mentioned early and often, en route to becoming the key symbol foreshadowing the downfall of King Richard II himself. This brief essay discusses the importance of Thomas of Woodstock to the play and to the audience.
From the Paper
"Before William Shakespeare's Richard II begins, Thomas of Woodstock (the Duke of Gloucester) has been assassinated. However, despite being relegated to a back-story character, Thomas of Woodstock is mentioned early and often, en route to becoming the key symbol foreshadowing the downfall of King Richard II himself. Thomas of Woodstock (not to be confused with one his supposed killers, Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk) has died suspiciously long before the opening of Richard II."
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