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Knowledge-Based System Applications, 2002.
A review of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based system applications.
8,801 words (approx. 35.2 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
In this paper, an overview is provided of knowledge acquisition as it relates to expert systems. After this, specific knowledge acquisition methodologies and techniques are reviewed that have been used in the development of knowledge-based systems. Subsequently, information is provided on recent advances in knowledge acquisition. Finally, future trends based on recent developments are discussed.
Overview of Knowledge Acquisition
First Generation Knowledge Acquisition Methodological Approaches
Second Generation Knowledge Acquisition Methodological Approaches
Knowledge Acquisition Techniques by Interaction with the Expert
Interviewing
Case Study
Protocol Analysis
Critiquing
Role Playing
Simulation
Prototyping
Rapid Application Development and Joint Application Development
Teachback
Observation
Goal Related
List Related
Construct Elicitation
Sorting
Laddering
20 Questions
Document Analysis
Recent Developments in Knowledge Acquisition
Future Directions
References
From the Paper
"Knowledge acquisition represents a field of artificial intelligence focused on the development of methods, techniques and tools for building expert system knowledge bases. During the 1970s and 1980s, most researchers and practitioners believed that knowledge should be acquired via a process involving a knowledge engineer, who interviews a domain expert regarding the knowledge domain of interest. The knowledge engineer was then responsible for organizing and formalizing the extracted knowledge to the point that it was appropriate for processing by a knowledge-based system. After processing was completed, the extracted knowledge could then be tested by presenting example problems to the knowledge-based system."
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Needs-based and Process-based Theories of Motivation, 2006.
An explanation of the differences between "needs-based" and "process-based" theories of motivation.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at "needs-based" and "process-based" theories of motivation, focusing on the difference between the two.
According to the paper, there have been many attempts in the history of psychology to give an exact meaning to the concept of motivation. The paper concludes with the author's personal opinion of these theories.
From the Paper
"Other important needs-based theories of motivation have been developed by Mc Gregor -"Theory X and Theory Y", theory X stipulating that lower-order needs motivate individual behaviour and theory Y that higher-order needs motivate it-, Harzberg -"Two Factors Theory": presents a contrasting view on satisfaction and dissatisfaction- or Alderfer. The one presented by the latter scientist, named the ERG Theory classifies the core needs into three groups: existence needs - psychological and safety -, relatedness needs - mainly the desire to maintain inter-personal relationships - and growth needs, which consist in an intrinsic desire for personal development. Moreover, other three types of needs are also identified by McClelland: achievement - the need for competitive success -, affiliations - the need for friendly relationships with other people - and power, explained by the need to control the others. "
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Family-Based vs. School-Based Weight Reduction Programs, 2004.
An extensive examination of the effect family-based, as opposed to school-based, weight reduction programs have on the dietary behavior of teenagers.
12,408 words (approx. 49.6 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 238.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of obesity as a disease affecting millions of people globally. Specifically, the paper investigates obesity in young adults or teenagers. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of familial influence on the overweight adolescent and compares this method of treatment to that of the effectiveness of school-based programs geared toward adolescents. The paper presents the 'Fit and Trim' program found in Singaporean schools as an example. This paper aims to establish that the best strategy to combat and prevent this disease for this age group begins at home with parental intervention and a change in family lifestyle.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1.Background
1.2.Statement of the Problem
1.3.Definition of Terms
1.4.Brief Review of Related Literature
1.5.Highlights of Methodology
1.6.Limitations of Study
1.7.Research Expectations
1.8.Scope of Study
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
2.1.Introduction
2.2.Hypothesis
2.3.Family Intervention Versus School-based Programs
Chapter 3
Methodology
3.1.Introduction
3.2.Design and Measurement
3.3.Procedure
3.4.1.Surveys and Questionnaires
Chapter 4
Results and Findings
4.1.Analysis
4.2.Descriptive Statistics
4.3.Variables
Chapter 5
Discussions and Conclusions
5.1.Re-evaluation of Hypothesis
5.2.Re-visiting Literature
5.3.Shortcomings of Research
5.4.Implications
5.5 Recommendations for the Future
References
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Appendix VII
Appendix VIII
From the Paper
"Obesity is a serious health issue for the individual physically and emotionally. One's weight is very much tied to his or her identity both personally and socially. It is very much an emotional issue. The media is constantly bombarding people of all age groups with the message of "Thin equals Beauty" and this remains true, especially for adolescents as most media is targeted at them in the forms of television, music, video games, magazines, card games, Internet, instant cell messaging and so on. These forms of media make it even more difficult for a message of healthy lifestyle to be dominant. This creates a society obsessed with beauty, attaining beauty and keeping beauty without any consideration of true love but only the threat of being labeled fat and ugly. This makes the implementation of a successful weight reduction program more difficult. It is clear, any intervention must be strong, persuasive and carefully thought out to remain affective and resilient to the pressure media feeds to society."
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Cash-Based vs. Accrual-Based Accounting, 2002.
An examination of the advantages and disadvantages of cash accounting over accrual-based accounting.
1,394 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the basic forms and methods of accounting for cash accounting and accrual-based accounting and compares the two. It examines which form of accounting is more beneficial to specific sectors of the economy and looks at the advantages and disadvantages of each.
From the Paper
"In the cash basis of accounting, the business records are "cash in" (deposits to the bank account) called cash receipts, and "cash out" (checks) called cash disbursements. Cash receipts - Cash disbursement = Cash flow. Each month's cash flow is added to the preceding month's cash balance yielding the current month?s cash balance.
The cash basis of accounting is more likely to be used by service businesses than by retail or manufacturing businesses. Service businesses usually do not need equipment and can sell a service they perform with nothing more than their own hands and minds. Think of people who are lawyers, writers, public relations and advertising personnel, and accountants."
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Test Of Community-based Social Skills Knowledge, 1999.
Defines and analyzes the validity and accuracy of the test used to assess social skills and the likelihood of substance abuse and the delinquency of adolescents.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 13 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
"The instrument to be analyzed is the Test of Community-based Social Skill Knowledge (TCSK). The instrument was first developed by Freedman, Rosenthal, Donahoe, Schlundt, and McFall (1978) and was used to assess the social skills of adolescents.
From the Paper
"The instrument to be analyzed is the Test of Community-based Social Skill Knowledge (TCSK). The instrument was first developed by Freedman, Rosenthal, Donahoe, Schlundt, and McFall (1978) and was used to assess the social skills of adolescents. However, the version analyzed in this paper is a modified form developed by Bullis, Bull, Johnson, and Johnson (1994) that broke the original down into separate male and female instruments, and reoriented it to focus on both adolescents and young adults.
The original form of the instrument was developed by Freedman, et al, in order to generically assess various adolescents' social skills. Subsequently, various researchers began using the scale to examine how social skills predicted or were correlated with other social-psychological constructs such ..."
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Knowledge and Expertise in the Court System, 2008.
An analysis of whether expert knowledge, that is presented in court, is in fact true and accurate knowledge and whether it is reliable in court proceedings.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the truth of knowledge and expertise within the court system and looks at whether this form of information could represent inaccurate knowledge. More specifically, the paper analyzes whether data such as scientific opinion and expertise, social science evidence and eyewitness testimony are reliable in court proceedings and whether they do, in fact, represent "knowledge."
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Knowledge and Expertise in Court
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The findings of the abovementioned researchers indicate some interesting trends in our conception of "truth", "knowledge" and "expertise" in the modern court system. Though science is honored in modern society as an almost God-like certainty, in the court system (as Bertin & Henifin point out) it holds much less weight. The combined findings indicate that court rulings are based rather on a number of forms of evidence, all of which have been called into question by the researchers. Like Bertin and Henifin, Redding and Reppucci explored a form of court evidence often scrutinized for accuracy - social science evidence. However, unlike Bertin and Henifin, Redding and Reppucci seem to lament the fact that their investigated form of evidence is often overlooked or misconstrued in the field of law, particularly by judges - the ultimate decision-makers. Lastly, like Redding and Reppucci, Kebbell and Giles explored the concept of bias in court in eliciting tainted evidence. Kebbell and Giles demonstrated that the questioning techniques of lawyers can have an impact on the accuracy of eyewitness recollection. The combined findings of these researchers indicate that knowledge and expertise in the court system under current provisions is far from conclusive."
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Knowledge Management, 2004.
A discussion on whether it is possible for an organisation to develop a knowledge base which is more than the sum of its individual employees? knowledge.
3,065 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how knowledge management is one of the hottest subjects in management studies due to the changing paradigm of management as we enter the 21st century. It attempts to show that it is possible for an organisation to develop a knowledge base, which is more than the sum of its individual employees? knowledge. It reviews the guidance given by the management literature and considers some of the important points. It also looks at some companies that have been successful in their implementation of a knowledge management system.
Outline
Introduction
Knowledge Management
Knowledge Creation
Learning Organisation
Obstacles to Creating a Knowledge Base
Knowledge Sharing
Characteristics of an Effective KM System
Knowledge Management ? 2 Different Opinions
Success Stories
Conclusions
From the Paper
"KPMG recently surveyed over 400 organisations in the UK, mainland Europe and the US and found ?81% had or were considering a knowledge management program, 79% believed that knowledge management can play an ?extremely significant? or ?significant? role in improving competitive advantage?. (KPGM Knowledge management Research Report) Similarly, a survey by PriceWaterhouseCoopers showed that 97 % of senior executives believe that ?knowledge management is a critical issue for them?. A more telling survey conducted by Tacit was that of individuals working at the interface between creating/using knowledge. In a survey of professional, managerial, and technical knowledge workers Tacit investigated employees opinion on how their employers handled knowledge sharing. The findings of the Tacit survey illustrate a serious problem, valuable knowledge is available &/or created within the organisation, but is not utilised efficiently."
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Theories of Knowledge, 2004.
This paper discusses that the ?theories of knowledge? of the philosophers, Rene Descartes and John Locke, are fundamentally different from one another in the areas of rationalism and empiricism.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that John Locke?s essential theory of knowledge, ideas, and experience expresses so called ?innate truths?, or principles, which do not fit the definition of ?idea.? The author points out that, on the other hand, Descartes argues that knowledge based on the senses is not knowledge simply because ideas based on external senses may change or be distorted; therefore, for him, knowledge must be based on the mind, as it is unaffected by external stimuli. The paper concludes that, in the end, it seems that both philosophies have their drawbacks, as well as their strengths; therefore, many consider the true nature of knowledge to be found somewhere in the middle.
From the Paper
"Locke also arrived at conclusions considering the ?self,? and knowledge of the self in his writings. He believes that the reality of ?self? is apparent in awareness. This means that all conscious ideas and experiences are hallmarks of the reality of the existence of the self, and one?s awareness of all conscious ideas, senses and experience forces one to conclude in one?s existence. Similarly, Descartes agrees that the existence of the self is proven by every state of awareness."
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Value of Knowledge, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of knowledge and looks at the transformation and application of data.
1,979 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Historically, businesses have long considered data and information the apex of business intelligence. The quandary many companies face is how to turn raw data and information into executable market intelligence or actionable knowledge. The answer in many cases is to make better use of existing databases and data warehouses through the deployment of more effective database management systems in the form of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems that are able to manipulate data in meaningful ways. The writer looks at this issue as it relates to UCB, which is a global enterprise with three primary lines of business: chemicals, films, and pharmaceuticals. The writer concludes that while there is clear value in amassing data and information and doing so is critical for most enterprises, the knowledge created from data and information is a competitive differentiator and one that UCB, among many others, has begun to leverage with lethal effectiveness.
Outline:
Overview
Data & Information
The Transformation of Data into Intelligence
Business Knowledge Application
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Business Intelligence reports may then be generated from the data written to the warehouse. In this way the data warehouse supplies the data and information for the business intelligence tools that an organization might use. For UCB implementing a data warehouse is a prerequisite to positive growth and for increased research capabilities that lead to improvements of its core corporate strategies. Considering its sourcing, inventory, and product tracking requirement in its chemical division, for example, its knowledge management requirements in its pharmaceutical division, and its research and testing information needed for reference in its films division, amassing this huge amount of data in a logical fashion is a priority. However, even more important, placing it in a repository that not only categorizes it but makes it useful to its managerial core is paramount."
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Web Applications in Engineering Company, 2002.
This paper describe the web application(s) planned or employed and identifies the current future web-based Application(s).
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the company's business strategy and the need addressed by the web-based application. The author identifies the business strategy that this application is intended to meet and the effect of putting on the web. The paper explains the identified Business Process(s), as well as the impact to them of using the Web and identifies the technology and the computer architecture being used and the technical details.
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Knowledge Management (KM), 2004.
This paper discusses knowledge management, a discipline that is a continuing process, which focuses on the creation of business performance improvements.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a new knowledge-based economy of learned individuals and organizations has evolved from the machine-based economy, which dominated the 20th century. This paper explains that, if a company is to continue on an uninterrupted path toward effectiveness in the marketplace, the knowledge must be managed and maintained within the company walls even when key people choose to exercise other employment options. The paper stresses that a method for developing and managing the knowledge within an organization is mentoring, which matches a new recruit or new hire with an experienced, successful employee in order to facilitate the transfer of company knowledge and culture.
Table of Contents
Introduction
AT&T?s Dilemma
Mentoring
Managing the Knowledge Transfer Process
From the Paper
"Just as the apprentice learns the tools of the trade from a master, businesses gain from the knowledge shared by mentors, supervisors, coworkers, project team members, and tenured employees. The business world is in the midst of an era characterized by the boundary less career--one where median employment tenure is just four and a half years, new job creation accounts for only one tenth of all career moves, and large firm decentralization is an ongoing occurrence. "I know I can't stop people from walking out the door--but how do I stop them from taking their knowledge with them?" That is, when employees leave, companies lose not only human capital, but also accumulated knowledge."
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Plato's Quest for True Knowledge, 2002.
Examining Plato's paradox of the search for true knowledge and how one will know when one has discovered this knowledge.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Plato states that for true knowledge, the process known as learning is actually a process of uncovering or recollecting what the individual already knows. It explains that as a solution to the question of how one will know when the correct answer is found this is ingenious. But this is not Plato's essential answer to the paradox. The true resolution lies in Socrates' demonstration that one can, through inquiry, come to knowledge of an object even though one has no knowledge of it to begin with.
From the Paper
"As Socrates puts it, during the discussion of what the slave has accomplished in the exercise in inquiry, "a man who does not know has in himself true opinions on a subject without having knowledge" (85c). Plato's theory of recollection may provide an explanation of how the individual is able to proceed along the path toward knowledge and how he knows when he has discovered knowledge. But recollection is, in itself, inadequate to the task of inquiry which is, as Socrates shows, essential to acquiring knowledge even if this is essentially an uncovering of knowledge the individual possesses from previous incarnations.
Socrates' method on being asked about a particular object (usually a virtue) is to deny that he has any knowledge of the object of inquiry and then to prompt the other to explain what he knows about that object. Those with whom he speaks inevitably have opinions or beliefs about the object in question. As the interlocutor supplies his answers (his opinions and beliefs) Socrates leads him, by careful questioning, to see that he does not, in fact, have the knowledge of the object that he thought he possessed. Thus Socrates invariably demonstrates to the other party that, like Socrates, he too does not know what the virtue is. This leaves the other man, as Meno says, feeling like he has been stung and numbed by the hidden barb of a sting-ray (80a). But in Meno's case the interlocutor begins to question the whole process of inquiry in which they are engaged. Meno poses a paradox for Socrates which presents a genuine puzzle."
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"Knowledge Walkouts" & EMC, 2006.
A look at whether knowledge management and enterprise content management (ECM) can save a company from "knowledge walkouts".
2,424 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and analyses the concept of "knowledge walkouts". It specifically discusses strategies for managing the creation of enterprise content management (ECM) and ensuing knowledge management strategies to alleviate the loss of key intellectual property as key employees retire.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Statement of the Problem
Findings
Defining Enterprise Content Management
Structuring Enterprise Content is the First Step to Knowledge Management
Retaining the Knowledge to Overcome "Knowledge Walkouts"
Knowledge Management for Many Organizations: Use It Or Lose It
Knowledge for the New Workforce
New Technology for the New Generation
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The fact that there are organizations whose knowledge management systems are best practices for their given industry, and have processes in place for capturing and retaining excellent components of their knowledge are still the fact that it must be used to be effective according to Gartner (2006). Based on "the last mile" of knowledge management so to speak being these processes of selectively applying the content to specific business strategies and challenges, the indexing, search, and retrieval of knowledge in these repositories becomes a completely separate issue. Once in the repository, there's little guarantee that the valuable knowledge ever emerges again. In fact, it's not valuable at all without a thorough consideration for the way new workers will access it and put it to use. Getting workers to change how they do their jobs is also a critical aspect of capturing content, according to The Hard Side of Change Management (2005). "
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Implementation and Management of a Constraint-Based Model, 2007.
An in-depth look at the use of constraint=based modeling and programming as a basis for creating an failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)-based constraint model.
65,535 words (approx. 262.1 pages), 62 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of constraint-based models for monitoring and predicting the applicable aspects of FMEA, depending on the specific requirements of the product tested and the environment(s) in which they are used. According to the paper, FMEA-based constraint modeling is proposed as an approach to customizing and tailoring the integration of FMEA standards to highly unique and specific production requirements. This paper specifically discusses constraint-based modeling and programming as a foundation for creating an FMEA-based constraint model.
Table of Contents:
Implementation and Management of a Constraint Based Model
Introduction
Implementation of a Constraint Based Model
Proposed Management Model
Summary
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Successive prototype builds: Product managers determine a certain number of prototype cycles, and fix the dates for these cycles. Prototype cycle deadlines are met even if the prototype has shortcomings that require rectification. This rectification process takes place by the deadline of the next prototype cycle.
The final production line is used to produce the prototypes. While the engineering staff cannot produce a complete production line for the first prototype cycles, engineers manufacture the final prototypes completely on the line. This allows engineers to test the production line and the prototypes simultaneously."
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Computer-Based Training, 2004.
Explores the field of developing multimedia computer-based training and Internet-based training systems.
4,633 words (approx. 18.5 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the opportunity, execution, and design process for computer and internet-based training applications. It looks at strategies and techniques for technical training, the advantages to businesses of computer-based and Internet-based training, and the best methods for building and managing a multimedia, e-learning delivery system.
From the Paper
"Computer-based training (CBT) instruction is a diverse and rapidly expanding spectrum of computer technologies that can assist in teaching and learning particular skills or processes. In our modern society, the advantages provided by CBT enable bossiness?s to custom structure training procedures to their individual learner, and thereby reduce the time commitment, and expense of training classes. When an individual learner can learn at their own pace, without affecting the progress of teaching resources of an entire class, the learner becomes the master of his destiny. The learner can access CBT at their own pace, and often at various locations. The learner is free to use his or her own strength, and quickly proceed through exercises which they find simple, and spend more time on those lessons which do not fit well with the learner?s initial understanding."
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