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Kingdon?s Policy Model, 2002.
An overview of policy making and review of John Kingdon?s book, "Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies".
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how policy making today is more important than ever and how the development of methods for implementing effective policies across the board has become increasingly more complicated. It looks at how John Kingdon?s book, "Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies", tries to determine how an idea eventually becomes policy and how the author supports the use of scientific research methods to accomplish this task. It also shows how Kingdon?s theories on policy provide workable perspectives on how to locate and open the windows of opportunity for policy changes.
From the Paper
"In recent years, many health care facilities in the U. S. have closed their doors or merged with other organizations, often causing problems for patients who may not be covered under their health plans for these kinds of facility changes. In the midst of this controversy proposed legislation and reform, has been a chaotic display of social and political pressures that have impeded the process of successful policy reform.
Kingdon's theories are based on qualitative and empirical analyses of the policy?making processes at the federal level and indicates that the path to important public policy change is the survival of an idea over a long course of trial and error and debate by empowered stakeholders."
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Public Policy and Cigarette Labeling, 2004.
Uses John Kingdon?s model of public policy to trace the history of labeling the dangers of smoking on cigarette boxes.
2,183 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
When the dangers of smoking became public knowledge, the movement to have cigarettes labeled began. This paper traces the path that led to the creation of labels on cigarette packages through the study of John Kingdon?s model of public policy and shows that cigarette labeling is one of the most classic examples of Kingdon?s model in action. The paper shows that public pressure, the grass roots movements, and the window of opportunity all came together to make the government force tobacco companies to warn their own customers of the dangers in their product.
From the Paper
"When a group or an individual has the desire to garner government funds for a purpose they are in a race with many other groups or individuals who want the same thing for their cause. This creates a type of vacuum in which all of the ideas, and desires are jumbled together in one large area called lobbying. Lobbying is the path the group takes to gain both public and political support for their cause. Lobbying is done before the bill ever reaches voting stages and it is where most desires for government backing or funding die. For a group to be successful in their desire to get their concerns to the voting floor they must take advantage of the window that is created by things such as public awareness, litigation and other factors. When this window occurs, the iron is hot and it is the best time to strike according to the Kingdon model."
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The Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model, 2006.
A comparative analysis between the effectiveness of the attitudinal model and the rational choice model fo studying law.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Rational Choice Model for studying the law and the courts. This paper looks into how both models are used to understand the courts, in particular the United States Supreme Court. In addition, through a comparative analysis both models are applied to circumstances to determine which model is most appropriate when trying to understanding how the courts establish and define law.
From the Paper
"At first glance the attitudinal model and the rational choice (Strategic) model for studying the law and the courts seem vastly different. Essentially this is because they serve different purposes. The Attitudinal Model seeks to explain why justices (for our purposes justices on the Supreme Court) vote the way that they do, and the running premise is that they do so to implement their own personal policy preferences into the law. The Strategic Model seeks to explain the collective decision making process of the Supreme Court, focusing on what constrains, controls and influences the justices' decisions. However, the relationship between the Attitudinal Model and the Strategic Model for studying the law and the courts is not as clear-cut as this. This is because in an analysis of their essential foundations and applications, the strategic model, although different and contradictory at times, supplements the Attitudinal Model."
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Orem's Self-Care Model: A Professional Nursing Practice Model, 2001.
This paper examines the Self-Care Model of Nursing.
660 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of Dorothea Orem's method of nursing. She introduced the concept that nurses, as human beings, need to be allowed to treat patients according to their individual needs. The author examines this theory, and presents several examples where it has been applied successfully.
From the Paper
"Nursing isn?t only about ?doing for the patient,? but about assisting them and directing them to carry out their own self-care and self-directed life. ?A patient competent to live in the real world is competent not only to obtain and participate health care, but to do as much of it as would be done outside the institutional setting normally.? (Coleman, pp. 325-344, 1980) Self-care then, is especially important in any field of nursing because health care is more about taking care of the body outside of the institution rather than in it."
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The Due Process Model vs. The Crime Control Model, 2004.
Looks at the conflicting goals of the United States criminal justice system: to control crime and to protect the rights of the accused.
864 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The criminal justice system here in the United States has traditionally operated under the premises of two fundamentally opposing goals. One goal is the crime control goal. This goal operates under the idea that criminals should be aggressively pursued and crimes aggressively punished. The other goal is the due process goal. This goal operates under the premise that the rights of the accused need to be carefully protected in any criminal justice investigation. This paper examines both of these positions, determining which one is the better goal for the United States to pursue, and why.
From the Paper
"Liberals have been the traditional defenders of the due process model (Perron). They are certainly operating under noble guidelines. The United States Constitution itself carefully lays out the rights of the accused in a series of amendments in the Bill of Rights. The Founding Fathers were obviously very concerned about protecting the rights of the accused, or these protections would not have been included in the Constitution. Should we as a nation follow any less stringent standards in dealing with our accused today? "
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Human Resources Management Model, 2004.
Discusses and compares the "hard model" and the "soft model" in HR management theory.
7,583 words (approx. 30.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 166.95
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Abstract
The growth of the concept of a strategic approach to managing people can be attributed to rapid environmental changes that have taken place over the last two decades. This paper first examines the dichotomy between two human resource management approaches to overall employee management. It then examines the difficulties in implementing the current management model into modern companies. The two models examined are the ?hard model? of human resource management and the soft model that has replaced it in most modern organizations, especially in the services and technology sectors. The paper includes a graph and table.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Dichotomy Between Soft and Hard Models of Human Resource Management
Divergence and Rigidity Within Soft and Hard Models of Human Resource Management
Human Nature and the Employee
The Language and Reality of New Careers
Implications for Establishing the New Career Paradigm
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Soft HRM models focus on empowering employees and management to take charge of the organization, to continually learn and grow in their jobs as well as in their careers and to be willing to take risks and be innovative in their approach to their jobs. It has become almost part and parcel with today?s new information and services based economy, where older centralized command and control type management would be too unwieldy to respond to the demands of the new market place. The second effect of companies adopting the soft HRM approach is the narrowing of organizational structure. Where previously older organizations have had a vertical, highly compartmentalized management structure, those companies who have adopted the soft approach or those who start off with it, see their management structure become narrower and more responsibility for decision making rests in the hands of the employees and frontline management."
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Economic Models, 2004.
Looks at different economic models and their usefulness in resolving issues of whether or not a monopoly exists.
5,640 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the example of the increasing monopolization of the telecommunications industry to demonstrate the need for economic models that can help resolve issues of monopolization. The paper describes the purpose of economic models, the different types of models, and some of the factors and data that the models consider.
Outline
An Agent-Based Economic Model
Telecommunications market structure, development, and impact studies
Demand analysis and forecasting studies, modeling
Service and Network Cost Studies and Models
Comparative tariff, policy, and market analyses
Tariff Model -- International Comparisons
OECD Basket Comparisons of Telephone Services Charges - August 1997
Multivariable Regression
The Classical Model
The Classical Model of Production and Employment
Labor Demand
Labor Supply
Equilibrium
Aggregate Supply and Demand
Loanable Funds
Taxes on Labor Income
Animal Spirits
The Keynesian IS/LM Model
Tax Model (The Simple Keynesian Model)
Paradox of Thrift
The Mundell-Fleming Model
Real Business Cycles
The IS/MP Model
From the Paper
"With the agressive deregulation in the telecommunications industry in the United States and Europe during the early to mid-1990?s, it seemed that the local monopolies would be forced to unbundle their networks. However, MCI WorldCom, the second largest US long distance telecommunications company, announced in October 1999, that it would acquire Sprint, the third largest US long distance company, in the biggest corporate takeover in history. The merger is valued at $129 billion in cash, stock and debt. The resulting firm will be second only to AT&T in the US telecommunications industry, a company with, as of 1999, $65 billion in annual revenue, 142,000 workers and 40 million business and residential customers (McGaughlin, 1999)."
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Economic Growth Models, 2004.
This paper discusses economic growth models, especially the Solow-Swan model and the New Growth Theory models.
2,940 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the neoclassical growth model, also known as the Solow-Swan model, was considered the basis of any research on economic growth; however, the neoclassical model treated technological progress as an exogenous factor to the model, and this led to some puzzles that it could not answer. The author points out that the endogenous model that appeared in the 1980s stressed the importance of immaterial resources that had an impact on economic growth, resources such as human capital and R&D that improved technological progress and increased economic growth; the subsequent models that followed were included in the New Growth Theory trend and endogenized economic growth. The paper examines three cases of fiscal policy using government spending as growth determinants: increased government expenditures without raising taxes, tax reduction without reducing government expenditure, and increased government expenditure with constant taxes. Economic notation used.
Table of Contents
The Solow-Swan Neoclassical Growth Model
The New Growth Theory and Endogenous Models
Fiscal Policy and Government Spending as Growth Determinants
Literature Review
From the Paper
"We should take a closer look at these statements starting from the Cobb-Douglas production function Y = AKaL1-a. The idea is to endogenize the exogenous factor A. In order to do so, let?s frst write a Cobb-Douglas production function for each individual firm:
Yi = Ai Ki aLi 1-a. Concerned with the factor Ai, Arrows argued that this is represents knowledge and learning accumulated in the society throughout time with collective investments and is a common and free good to all firms. How is it accumulated? Arrow relates this accumulation to the aggregate capital in an economy by the function Ai = Gz,
where G signifies the capital accumulation, which will be used in a proportion equal to z by the firm. Following in the Cobb-Douglas individual production function, Yi = Gz Ki aLi 1-a. Note that in this equation, K, L and Y are individual firm-related, while G is economy wide, as we have agreed above. If we consider that at an aggregate level, G = K, then our equation becomes Y = K a+z L 1-a."
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Models of Family Therapy, 2008.
This paper discusses and explains different models of family therapy.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at different models and forms of therapy for families that are experiencing problems. The writer notes that natural therapy is a form of psychotherapy that does not allow for medications, but that uses techniques that are aimed at assisting the individual to overcome issues through a natural approach. The writer looks at cognitive behavioral therapy in which the problem is seen to exist through the individual's thoughts and actions. The writer then discusses structural therapy and strategic family therapy. The writer maintains that the solution focused model of family therapy identifies the outcomes that the family desires and uses those outcomes as the focus of the therapy. In the narrative model the writer notes that clients are asked to take part in a narrative history of life and in collaborative therapy the patient and the therapist work as partners in the discovery of issues and the implementation of solutions to the issues.
Outline:
Natural System Model
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Structural Model
Problem Focus Model
Strategic Model
Solution-Focused Model
Narrative Model
Collaborative Language System Model
From the Paper
"Change for the patient requires that the thoughts and actions impacting the person's life must be identified initially. This may occur through the patient speaking with the therapist and answering questions that serve to allow the therapist to determine where the issues exist. However, the patient should be the one that identifies the problem areas through discussion so that he or she is capable of understanding that change is significant.
"Techniques used in cognitive behavioral therapy are implemented once the identification of the problem has occurred. The therapist may give the patient "homework" and a new mental or physical response to a situation. That new response is used by the patient in place of the negative response and it is through practice that a new method of thought or behavior can be experienced on an ongoing basis, replacing the former thoughts and action."
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Limitations Of the Price Limit Model, 2002.
This paper analyzes the various assumptions of the limit pricing model and assesses whether it is an acceptable model or not.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the Limit Pricing Model, which uses limit pricing which is when companies form collusion or a cartel and try to maintain price levels which may or may not not maximize their profits or stop the entry of new firms in the market. One of the major limitations of the model discussed in this paper is that the model assumes collusion. Another limitation examined is that the model assumes the products to be homogeneous. The writer concludes, after discussing eight limitations of the model, that it is completely inappropriate.
From the Paper
"In an oligopoly there are a few entrepreneurs who are in tight competition with each other and due to this the market price is sticky or we can say downward rigid. Oligopolists do not usually decrease price (?sticky downward prices?), and tend to change prices together. Rivals match each others price decrease which leads to a ?price- war? and obviously they do end up losing in it and form a cartel. Cartels are an example of a collusive industry. Collusion occurs when firms in an industry agree to fix prices, divide the market among themselves, or otherwise restrict competition in some way."
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Implementation and Management of a Constraint-Based Model, 2007.
An in-depth look at the use of constraint=based modeling and programming as a basis for creating an failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)-based constraint model.
65,535 words (approx. 262.1 pages), 62 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the use of constraint-based models for monitoring and predicting the applicable aspects of FMEA, depending on the specific requirements of the product tested and the environment(s) in which they are used. According to the paper, FMEA-based constraint modeling is proposed as an approach to customizing and tailoring the integration of FMEA standards to highly unique and specific production requirements. This paper specifically discusses constraint-based modeling and programming as a foundation for creating an FMEA-based constraint model.
Table of Contents:
Implementation and Management of a Constraint Based Model
Introduction
Implementation of a Constraint Based Model
Proposed Management Model
Summary
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Successive prototype builds: Product managers determine a certain number of prototype cycles, and fix the dates for these cycles. Prototype cycle deadlines are met even if the prototype has shortcomings that require rectification. This rectification process takes place by the deadline of the next prototype cycle.
The final production line is used to produce the prototypes. While the engineering staff cannot produce a complete production line for the first prototype cycles, engineers manufacture the final prototypes completely on the line. This allows engineers to test the production line and the prototypes simultaneously."
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ERP Model for "NY Food Express", 2001.
A business plan for the development for a fast-food business in New York using the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Model.
10,913 words (approx. 43.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 216.95
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Abstract
This work presents the ERP system and a business model analysis of "NY Food Express Company", as part of its business plan. This work covers an objectives study, business control model (BCM), cross-functional interface analysis, business organization model, enterprise processes, business process models, customer order decoupling points and a decision-making process analysis. The paper uses graphs and tables to illustrate points.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Enterprise Description
Business Environment
Main Services
Core Process
Main Functions and Processes
Main Objectives
Enterprise Description
Main Services Description
Clients & Business Environment
Enterprise Objectives
General ERP Objectives
NY Food Express
Business Control Model
Control Model Ranges and Environment
Control Model Main Functions
Control Model Summary
Cross-Functional Interface Analysis
Main Cross-Functional Interfaces
Functions & Interfaces Summary
Business Organization Model
Positions in the Organization
Organizational Structure
Business Organization Model Discussion
NY Food Express Enterprise Processes
Enterprise Processes vs. Objectives
Daily Report Preparation Process
New Dispatch Center Establishment Process
Customer Order Decoupling Points
CODP Analysis
CODP Summary
Decision-Making Process Analysis
Process Description and Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The idea was to create food delivery service that would consist of a net of dispatch-centers all over New York, and each dispatch-center would serve specific area around itself. This service would replace delivery services that each business needs to maintain for itself. The company will be located in New York and hopefully will expand to other areas in the United States. It will employ hundreds of people from different origins - mostly non-professional young people, immigrants, and minorities - for the delivery service, and smaller number of employees for various levels of management, maintenance, system operation, etc. It will use hundreds of vehicles to perform deliveries and occupy tens of premises all over New York. Its potential customers will be all food preparing businesses in New York ? pizzerias, various ethnic cuisine restaurants, etc., and its consumers will be the residents of New York. The enterprise will use Internet to enhance the connection between consumers, customers, and NY Food Express operatives. The estimated net profit from every dispatch-center will be around $200 thousand a year, and it is expected to yield a stable $6-8 million a year when all New York area will be covered by the service."
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Modeling Strategies for Financial Hedging, 2008.
An examination of GARCH or generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity, which is a modeling technique that allows researchers to predict for financial variances.
962 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
The predominance of existing research related to hedging strategies relative to the futures markets is typically concerned with agricultural, foreign exchange (forex), and petroleum products. This paper attempts to offer some insight relative to the mathematical modeling techniques which financial hedging strategists employ in order to be successful at mitigating risk. The paper explains that modeling volatility within the financial markets has not received a great deal of academic attention. The paper then looks at how Siddique and Harvey, in "Auto regressive Conditional Skewness" undertook a study of auto regressive conditional skewness which utilized GARCH techniques wherein they concluded that auto regressive models might be successful at modeling time-series variations relative to asset pricing such as stock returns but not necessarily for futures and related hedging strategies. The paper shows that researchers successfully applied the GARCH model to daily returns volatility of two separate futures markets in commodities. The paper concludes that these researchers proved that every hedging entity can adapt these models to develop a functional model that can accurately incorporate intervention related to exchange rate fluctuations into a futures volatility model that works to effectively hedge each entity's particular needs and constraints.
Outline:
Abstract
Garch Modeling
Durban-Watson
Omega Function in Modelling
From the Paper
"Predicting, managing, and leveraging the uncertainty in futures market is however vital if a comprehensive market strategy is going to be developed that enables an entity to efficiently control, or at least manage, the cost-basis of its investments or operating expenses. GARCH techniques can be used to construct models that control, to some degree, conditional variances related to futures as well as spot market prices and allow better management of financial or commodities portfolios."
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e-Marketing Models, 2008.
This paper reviews several e-marketing business models and how they relate to Amazon.com.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with all the different models and their variations, it is important for a company to select one or a combination of models best suited to the organizational business plan. The author points out that the brokerage model, which brings buyers and sellers together, includes online auctions, such as eBay.com, and search agents that search the Internet for requested pricing or products, such as Indeed.com. The paper relates that the merchant model is used by Lands' End and Apple iTunes music store. The author explains that the affiliate model offers various purchase opportunities wherever people may be surfing by offering financial incentives to the site owner. The paper explains that the online shopping mall Amazon.com, which uses a combination e-marketing model, provides buyers with a "one stop shopping" experience, by handling the entire transaction from selection, payment to fulfillment and shipping for its virtual merchants such as Target and Weight Watchers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brokerage Model
Merchant Model
Affiliate Model
Amazon.com
4 P's of Marketing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Amazon.com is constantly looking at the different means for reaching new and existing customers, whether it is a specific email campaign that is written to the 4 P's of email marketing: Permission, Privacy, Profiling and Personalization. They only email potential customers who have given their permission to receive emails. They respect the privacy of their customer's information. Amazon.com is well known for gathering information on their customer's spending habit which allows them to personalize their emails to their customers. By understanding their customer's buying habits and interests, they are in affect creating individualized marketing campaigns.".
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Models of Communication, 2007.
A comparison of the broadcast model of communication with the dialogue model of communication.
1,211 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the broadcast model of communication, while superficially attractive, contains many disadvantages. The paper then compares the broadcast model of communication with the dialogue model of communication, which privileges privacy and security in inter-personal communications and argues that the dialogue model is superior. The paper also discusses the views of John Peters regarding the dialogue model, as expressed in "An excerpt from Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication" and asserts that Peters' repudiation of the dialogic model of communication is ill-founded.
From the Paper
"To close briefly, the preceding paper has asserted that Mr. Peters' repudiation of the dialogic model of communication is ill-founded. While far from perfect, the dialogue model of communication is still a model that offers the greatest likelihood of securing privacy and intimacy - and privacy is of paramount concern when seeking to facilitate the exchange of "truth" among parties. Moreover, private letters or correspondences which "go astray" are not automatically useless scraps of paper or information inasmuch as those scraps of paper or information offer the prospect of universally understood signs and symbols - signs and symbols which can be ultimately exploited by unscrupulous third parties. In the end, the dialogue model of communication is a better goal or ideal to motivate the evaluation of communication."
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