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Khmer Rouge & Cambodian Education, 2006.
A review of the social impact of the Khmer Rouge and today's brutal reality for Cambodian children.
2,099 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses how Cambodian children suffer under the rule of the Khmer Rouge. According to the paper, education in Cambodia still suffers from the bloody political regimes of almost 30 years ago, and while education falters, tens of thousands of children are imprisoned in the Cambodian sex slave industry and working as child laborers.
Outline:
Introduction / Hypothesis
Review of Literature
Murdering of Cambodian Teachers
Cambodian Children's Propaganda Song
Child Prostitution / Sex Slavery & Child Labor
Methods, Research Design & Analyses
Results, Discussion, Implications
From the Paper
"According to the U.S. Department of Labor report, "Incidence and Nature of Child Labor," published August 23, 2006, 44.8 percent of Cambodian children ages 5 to 14 years old were working in 2001 (notwithstanding the labor law sets the minimum age for employment at 15). The jobs held by children included agriculture (the "majority" of children work in the fields), "hazardous conditions on commercial rubber plantations, in salt production," in the fishing industry and in garbage collection. Not only are Cambodian children put into slavery for sexual services, the Labor report asserts that Cambodian children "are trafficked to Thailand and Malaysia" for sexual commercial exploitation or "bonded labor."
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Khmer Rouge, 2006.
This paper describes the history of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper notes that the beginning of the ascendancy of the Khmer Rouge and so the road to auto-genocide in Cambodia, can be found in Vietnam and the Vietnamese War, which begin in the 1950s under the French and then transferred to the conflict involving the United States on the side of South Vietnam. The paper also considers how genocide changed to auto-genocide as a culture of killing became the norm for the leadership.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the ascendancy of the Khmer Rouge and so the road to auto-genocide in Cambodia, can be found in Vietnam and the Vietnamese War, which begin in the 1950s under the French and then transferred to the conflict involving the United States on the side of South Vietnam. Kiernan (2004) traces the beginnings of the Khmer Rouge by considering Pol Pot's development in the 1960s and how that leader used genocide to eliminate certain minorities in the country. He started a process that in time turned on itself and expanded beyond the minorities of the Vietnamese, the Chinese and the Muslim Cham (Kiernan, 2004, p. 345). The Vietnamese eventually invaded Cambodia and fought against a coalition of communist and non-communist resistance elements. The Vietnamese were joined by the forces of the new Phnom Penh government."
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Khmer Rouge Propaganda, 2002.
An examination of the Khmer Rouge revolution of 1975 and how the leader, Pol Pot, managed to keep control of the citizens through an iron fist.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Pol Pot regime maintained its stronghold over the Cambodian people, through a thorough understanding and manipulation of its peoples? psychological and sociological structures. The first part of the paper looks at how the regime laid the foundations for a successful propaganda machine. It explains that this was done through dismantling important social structures of traditional Cambodian society ? the family, Buddhist religion, urban cities, schools and universities. It then looks at how the regime successfully used its propaganda machine to both punish and discourage dissent. This was done through radio broadcasts, the use of artwork, the institution of ?memory sickness? and through long-term strategies like the education of children. It concludes that in its quest for a spartan, collectivized and homogeneous society, the Pol Pot regime resulted instead in a devastated land and people.
From the Paper
"Within a week of their assent into power, preying on people?s fears of the US bombings in nearby Vietnam, Khmer Rouge soldiers drove the residents of Phnom Penh, Battambang out of the cities and into the countryside. Thousands of the evacuees, mostly the elderly and the very young, died in the mass exodus. Upon reaching the countryside, the city residents were forced to engage in agricultural labor. The new farmers were labeled ?new people.? The new people faced much resentment from the established farmers or ?old people? who already tilled the fields and who were treated more favorably by the Khmer Rouge regime (Chandler 1999: 1)."
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Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 2002.
This paper analyzes the book "First They Killed my Father" by Loung Ung which specifically discusses what happened in Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains in the review of Loung Ung's book "First They Killed my Father" that the Khmer Rouge was one of the most vicious and violent regimes in world history and asks why the world stood by and watched while two million people died horrible deaths. The author believes that while the book vividly shows the experiences of Ung's family, it is important to understand how a regime like the Khmer Rouge could gain such power, keep such power, and eradicate so many people in such a relatively short period. The author thinks that, historically, Ung's account of her four years under Khmer Rouge rule is an accurate account for the people in her area; but written by another, in another area of Cambodia, the story could have been entirely different.
From the Paper
"Before the regime, Cambodia was reasonably technologically advanced, and relied on a wide variety of trade and business options. The Khmer Rouge seemed to want to take the country backward into the dark ages, reliant on no outside corrupting "Western" influences, but also unable to compete in the modern, mechanized world. A country cannot survive when it is held back from advancing along with the rest of the world, and becoming "self-reliant" based totally on rice is not only ridiculous, it is short-sighted. As the author notes, "Though the Angkar says we are all equal in Democratic Kampuchea, we are not. We live and are treated like slaves. In our garden, the Angkar provides us with seeds and we may plant anything we choose, but everything we grow belongs not to us but to the community" (Ung 66). This shortsightedness will be the regime's downfall, as it has with any cruel and violent regime throughout history. You cannot treat people so cruelly without them rising up in revolt, no matter how much you try to control them. The killing and the viciousness turned the author into someone who truly hated Pol Pot and his regime, and it did the same to thousands of others. "His government has created a vengeful, bloodthirsty people. Pol Pot has turned me into someone who wants to kill"."
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The Cambodian Genocide, 2002.
Looks at the American perspective of the massacre of the Cambodian nation by the Khmer Rouge.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Khmer Rouge and its genocide of the Cambodian people and the reactions of the American public to the survivors of these atrocities. It also looks at the feelings of the United States government and people regarding genocide as a whole and explores the reasons the United States has failed to act to stop modern genocides from happening.
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The Cambodian Holocaust, 2005.
This paper discusses the reign of Pol Pot, the leader of the Khmer Rouge terror, from 1975 to 1979, in Cambodia, which resulted in one of the saddest effects of the Vietnam War, the Cambodian holocaust.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Pol Pot's campaign against his own people resulted in the deaths of between 700,000 and 1 million people, either as a result of execution or illness, from hunger and overwork. The author points out four main reasons why Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge came into power: (1) As a response to French colonialism at the end of World War II, (2) rivalry between Vietnamese and Chinese Communists within the party, (3) Prince Norodom Sihanouk's brutal repression and (4) U.S. economic and military destabilization of Cambodia. The paper stresses the U.S. involvement in each of these reasons.
From the Paper
"As the bombings only increased after the end of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, over 150,000 Cambodian civilians perished. Ultimately, the Cambodian civilians feared U.S. air attacks more than they feared Pol Pot and his severe tactics. Not surprisingly then, Pol Pot came into power. By April 1975, the CPK had taken over the two largest cities in Cambodia, Phnom Penh and Battambang, and defeated Lon Nol. The terror Cambodians received from the U.S. was now over, but they were entering into the holocaust that Pol Pot would bring about."
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East Baton Rouge, 2007.
This paper explores the history of the settlement of East Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the background and history of Baton Rouge. The paper describes how the territory was annexed and divided by and East Baton Rouge Parish was created. The paper explains that thousands of new families settled in East Baton Rouge Parish from across the nation due to the many highly skilled jobs available from the expanding industries and businesses, thus making Baton Rouge one of the leading industrial, educational and business centers of the south. The paper shows how East Baton Rouge is predominantly urban and comprised of many diverse ethnic groups, since settlement was based on economic stratification as opposed to ethnicity.
From the Paper
"On April 8, 1812, Louisiana was admitted into the Union (Brief). Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817 and became the State Capital in 1849.
For most of the Civil War, between 1861 and 1865, Baton Rouge was under Union control, except for a brief time in 1862 (Brief). The capital was relocated several times during the war, then in 1882, the center of government was returned to Baton Rouge, at which time the city had a population of just over 7,000 (Brief). By the beginning of the twentieth century, the town had begun to develop industrially due to its strategic location on the first bluff along the Mississippi River north of the Gulf of Mexico (Brief). Baton Rouge is now 74.74 square miles in size with approximately 230,000 people, and the population of East Baton Rouge Parish is roughly 412,000 and is 472.1 square miles in size."
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Raja Amari?s "Satin Rouge", 2005.
This paper analyzes the independent Tunisian film "Satin Rouge" by director Raja Amari, emphasizing the use of costumes, hairstyle and lighting to convey the underlying meaning of the film.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Raja Amari's second film "Satin Rouge" is a real look into Tunisian society and a culturally-based demonstration of the duality of human nature, in which the main character Lilia, a domestic figure as expected by her community, desires to emotionally and sexually express herself through her dancing in the cabaret. The author points out that the use of clothing to illustrate the juxtaposition of two or more characters is very common in near east and far eastern films, such as "Shanghai Triad", in which the use of the contrasting colors are used to suggest the roles played by specific characters. The paper relates that not only is high key lighting used but also, in some instances, back-lighting is used to generate haloing behind the heads of the dancers and Lilia, creating an angelic affect when they perform, leading to a positive view of the dancers.
From the Paper
"Within the opening scene of the film, while Lilia is cleaning and listening to music, she slowly begins to dance and undoes her tightly wound hair, allowing it to fall back onto her shoulders. During the course of the movie, Lilia often wears her hair up when she is in her home. The home is the center for domestic life and responsibilities of women in most societies, including that of the Middle East. When Lilia discovers the cabaret a little later on in the film and her friend Folla insists she dances with her in the show, Lilia's hair is again worn down and lies freely around her shoulders. This "freeing" of Lilia's hair implies a freeing of the character's emotional anxieties and grief (over her deceased husband and the pressures of raising her daughter) through her dancing in the cabaret."
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Moulin Rouge, 2005.
A discussion of the 2001 musical movie, "Moulin Rouge".
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the movie, "Moulin Rouge," is considered to be a different kind of musical than similar musical movies from decades before. It looks at the unique style used by the director, Baz Luhrmann, and how it impacts on the movie as a whole.
From the Paper
"Although likely infuriating historical puritans and those who enjoy only sedate films, Baz Luhrmann, in his directorial masterpiece, fashions the template for a new kind of musical. Modern directing and a unique plot and music screenplay assist in creating this new ?template.? Luhrmann deflects likely criticism by transforming his version of 1900 Paris into something out of a hallucinogenic fairy tale. This is not in any sense a "real" version of the City of Lights, nor is it a factual representation of the Moulin Rouge. It's a fantasy, and, because of this, the presence of songs like "The Sound of Music", "Your Song", and "Roxanne" don't seem out of place. In fact, they work surprisingly well in this context. There are also some creative touches applied to familiar tunes."
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Cambodia: The United Nations' Shame, 2005.
A look at the holocaust committed in Cambodia under the leadership of the Khmer Rouge.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper details the rise of the the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, looks at the atrocities committed against the Cambodian peoples under the leadership of Khmer Rouge leader, Pol Pot, and talks about how the international community was responsible for the conditions that allowed Pol Pot to take control of Cambodia. The paper also points out that, while those responsible for bringing such a holocaust upon the Cambodian peoples can no longer be held accountable or brought to justice, the international community can hold a 'truth commission' that would bring to light the horrific events of the past and help Cambodia bring about an atmosphere of reconciliation and hope for the future. The paper includes a 1000-word annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Approximately thirty years ago, in 1975, a murderous government led by a man with a philosophy that is almost impossible to understand, came to power in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge governed the country for only three years but, it was a three years that the Cambodians and Cambodia have not been able to recover from until now. The Khmer Rouge, under the leadership of Pol Pot carried out a holocaust years against ordinary Cambodian citizens that had committed no crime. Almost two million people died and the world did absolutely nothing to stop the killing. As Jerry Adler and Ron Moreau explains in "The Devil's Due," Pol Pot, the leader of this murderous regime, had a philosophy behind the killings. From his point of view, Cambodia and the Cambodian people were hopeless and no reform policies would change the situation or transform them into a developed and educated people."
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The Plight of Cambodian Children, 2005.
This paper discusses the plight of Cambodian children from a humanitarian perspective.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how children are affected by poverty, sex trafficking and AIDS in relation to the humanitarian relief being done to help quell these social and economic issues in Cambodia. The author uses statistic to reveal the serious problems facing children in Cambodia today caused by the war-like history of this country. The paper suggests that the decline of Khmer Rouge and the wars might enable Cambodia to recover a stable economy and to create a healthy environment for the children of this region.
From the Paper
"This international proposal presents the plight of Cambodian children through a humanitarian perspective. By divulging a recent past history of Cambodia, one can learn the desperation and destruction that seriously injured and maimed children within a war-torn country. This study will reveal how the children have undergone the terrors of poverty, sex trafficking, and a rising problem for contracting AIDS within modern Cambodia. The Vietnam War was a critical point in recent Cambodian history in the year 1970. American power placed an immense amount of pressure on King Norodo Sihanouk to stop helping the Vietnamese involved in the Communist struggles of Ho Chi Min. In this manner, Sihanouk was exiled by the communist opposition party Khmer Rouge led by General Lon Nol, to help "the growing communist opposition to American dominance in Southeast Asia" (Chandler 156)."
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The U.S. Bombing of Cambodia in 1969, 1992.
Discusses purposes, politics, effects, the rise of the Khmer Rouge, military strategy and reasons for its failure.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"On February 19, 1969, not long after Richard Nixon became President, the military command in Vietnam requested permission to commence a secret program of bombing operations within the borders of neighboring Cambodia (Shawcross, 1979, pp. 19ff). Naturally, this "secret" campaign was in no way secret from the people among whom the bombs were falling. It was "secret" only in two contexts; first, of "plausible deniability" in international diplomacy, and second .. probably a more important consideration .. of secrecy from Congressional and other opponents of the war within the United States.
The bombing of Cambodia is of broad significance in several respects. First, and most narrowly, it was an escalation of the Vietnam war, of questionable legality, in bombing the territory of a neutral nation with which the U.S. was not at war, and had ..."
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Cambodian-Vietnamese Conflict 1975 to 1993, 1994.
This paper discusses the Cambodian-Vietnamese conflict from 1975 to 1993: History, major issues, foreign involvement, political, military and cultural aspects and leadership.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The conflict between Kampuchea, or Cambodia, and Vietnam dates back to the late 1970s, though tensions between the two regions date back centuries to earlier wars and incursions on both sides. The present conflict came about in 1978 when Hanoi launched an offensive with twelve to fourteen divisions and three Khmer regiments, a total invasion force of 100,000 people. The Vietnamese units crossed the Cambodian frontier in five spearheads, initially directed into northeastern Cambodia. It is believed that in concentrating its forces in this way, Vietnam may have had several objectives. One may have been to capture as quickly as possible substantial expanses of Cambodian territory which had earlier been a spawning ground for the Khmer Rouge in the late 1960s. An early occupation would also have preempted ... "
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Cambodian Western Style Housing, 2007.
This paper analyzes the problems of developing western style housing in Cambodia, especially the urban areas of Phnom Penh.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Cambodian government has begun to make vast improvements to westernize its housing system in terms of design and in distribution of land. The author points out that, while urbanization plays a vital role in free market trade and democratic governments, the lack of purchasing power, financial strength and the legal loopholes required to obtain a new home in Phnom Penh are problems for the general Cambodian population. The paper stresses that Cambodians, who were colonized by the French in the late 19th and early 20th century, are accustomed to the centralized living styles of French flats, which provide more communal areas; whereas, the American investors are insisting on implementing western style condominiums, which differ in the sense that the facilities provide more privacy and space.
Table of Contents:
Historical Background
The Need for Land and Growth
Culture and Foreign Investment
History of Housing in Phnom Penh
Cambodian Fiscal System
The Development of French Style Flats and Western Condominiums
Legal Requirements for Construction of Housing
The Cost of Living in the New Phnom Penh
Analysis: French Style Flats versus Western Style Condominiums
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is evident that Cambodia has a distinct disadvantage compared to the rest of the Asian countries. Primarily, the remnants of war has left a poverty stricken country with the responsibility of re-shaping its entire government, providing education and health care to needy families and finding adequate professional workers to maintain a new democratic system of public administration. However, there are many advantages to starting over for Cambodia, as the United Nations and the United States have taken a great interest in the rebuilding efforts. With a new, open economy and sufficient developmental programs, Cambodia stands at a crossroads for change."
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Cambodian Women, 2006.
This brief yet concise paper examines the current status of women in post-war Cambodia, which has drastically changed for the worse since the wars of the 1970s and 1980s.
1,402 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the widening gap between the sexes in post-war Cambodia. Cambodian women have a long history of playing important public roles and in Angkorian times women served as scientists, astronomers and doctors. However, modern Cambodian society has come to place more value on the woman as a homemaker. This paper details how this situation changed drastically with the wars of the 1970s and 1980s. Many women throughout Cambodia found themselves working outside the home, filling jobs that had been previously occupied by men. Women eventually began protesting their sub-standard working conditions and demanded higher wages. This paper examines the basic needs of women that are not being met by the Cambodian government that strongly believes that boys should be educated, while girls stay home, which accounts for the low literacy rates in girls. This paper also details the various international organizations that are geared towards improving the current conditions for women in Cambodia.
From the Paper
"Over the next decade, the general per-capita income was much lower than in the rest of the region. Almost every rural household depended heavily on agriculture, particularly on wet rice cultivation. Rice has been the basis for most of Cambodia's foreign trade, for its national self-sufficiency and for its national revenues. There have been very few attempts to industrialize the country, and the manufacturing now is not yet extensive or large-scale. Most of the service sector is focused on trading activities. Furthermore, one of the legacies of thirteen years of war has been the ongoing depletion of the Cambodian workforce. Today, however, with a tentative peace, the workforce numbers about 4 million strong, and fully 50 percent of that population is made up of women."
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