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"Culture as Given, Culture as Choice", 2001.
This paper analyzes the book "Culture as Given, Culture as Choice" by Elst which studies culture and multiculturalism.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth discussion of multiculturalism, it defines it and states that an entirely different view of culture is needed in the intellectual discourse of society. Elst analyzes culture using the example of analyzing sex. Elst makes it clear in his analysis that pluralities of identity are the norm, that everyone is multi-ethnic and multi-racial in some fashion. Finally, the paper concludes that each individual should study and redefine his own culture.
From the Paper
"Even in the current, mainstream political debate over what constitutes ?multiculturalism,? it is common cultural parlance to view culture as a static entity. Multiculturalism is defined as the manner in which more cultures are integrated into the fabric of the dominant discourse, rather than as a way of deconstructing notions of how culture itself is perceived and misperceived. As the title of Dirk Van Der Elst?s book Culture as Given, Culture as Choice, suggests, however, framing the debate in such a fashion is not necessarily the most radical choice. Elst suggests that nothing really exists as ?culture,? rather culture itself is a constructed, socially produced norm."
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Organizational Culture & Societal Culture Leadership, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between organizational culture, societal culture and leadership styles.
12,008 words (approx. 48.0 pages), 41 sources, APA, $ 232.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing need for effective leadership in all types of organizations and how these leaders go about accomplishing their respective organizational goals. The author identifies pertinent traits that characterize effective leaders in various societal settings and analyzes the importance of these outcomes as they relate to the increasingly multicultural society in the United States and the forces that are fueling globalization of the marketplace.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Aims and Objectives
Significance of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
Background and Overview.
Definitions of Culture.
Cultural Aspects of Organizational Leadership.
Relationship between Organizational Leadership and Society.
Discussion.
Chapter Summary.
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data Analysis
Validity and Reliability
Chapter Summary
Chapter 4 - Results and Presentation of the Findings
Introduction
Sample
Evaluative Action Plan
Chapter Summary
Chapter 5 - Discussion, Implications and Recommendations
Introduction
Summary of Major Aims and Objectives
Implications
Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Indeed, these fundamental shifts in demographic composition have introduced a number of challenges to leaders of all types of organizations today, and identifying best practices becomes particularly difficult in view of the increasingly competitive and dynamic globalized marketplace in which these companies are competing. Certainly, it is possible and therefore desirable to discern some good examples from bad when it comes to effective leadership in various organizational settings in this environment today, and this relationship between organizational culture and the larger society in which it exists is the focus of the proposed study which is discussed further below."
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Cultural Management - Culture Cannot Be Managed, 2008.
The paper discusses the question of if and how culture can be managed in a business environment.
1,928 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the validity of the belief that in a business setting culture cannot be managed is critically analyzed and arguments are made both for and against the statement. The paper also presents examples that suggest that organizational culture does play a very important role in the success of the organization. However, these same examples also serve to reinforce a contention about the inability of corporate culture or management to undergo change.
From the Paper
"It must be acknowledged that the assertion - "Culture cannot be managed" - would likely meet with some degree of skepticism from organizational management students as well as corporate professionals. However, it may be argued that there is some validity to the perspective on the relationship between management and organizational culture that is manifest in this assertion. Consider, for example, the case of software giant J.D. Edwards. The corporation's CEO and chairman, C. Edward McVaney, contends that the success of a business often has very little to do with its management and senior executives who - as is commonplace in corporate culture - often come and go with minimal impact upon the organization itself. It is McVaney's view that the success of an organization is based upon its culture, which is usually invulnerable to change by management or business leaders. In McVaney's words: "95% of the time, the leaders and management of a business do not lead and manage that business" (Jesitus 16)."
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American Culture and Islamic Culture, 2002.
An overview of the similarities and differences between American and Islamic culture.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Thispaper examines and analyzes American and Islamic culture. Social structures, symbols, norms, values, and rituals are compared and contrasted, and respective strengths and weaknesses are discussed.
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Caribbean Culture and Cultural Imperialism, 2007.
A discussion on whether the Caribbean society is too receptive and diverse for its own good.
1,633 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Caribbean culture and at how its dynamic polyglot, diverse nature - and its ability, and even willingness, to accommodate different cultures and ethno-social traditions - has actually made it vulnerable on a number of profound levels. It explains that the Caribbean nations have shown a marked inability to throw off the cultural, linguistic and educational encrustations of the European nations which took over the region generations ago and which re-shaped their new fiefdoms in ways that effectively did away with pre-European values, codes, religions and dialects. The paper also looks at how many Caribbean young people attend English or French schools and prepare themselves for entry into a "global village" that is controlled by the very ethno-racial groups which turned their own lands "upside-down" in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. In essence, the paper shows that by looking at the fragmented nature of the Caribbean world and by looking at the impress of foreign language upon its peoples and formal structures, a region is revealed that has lost much of its ability to marshal its forces against external imperialistic forces. The writer believes that the Caribbean must start doing a better job of privileging its indigenous traditions and dialects or it will finally, ineradicably, lose them forever.
From the Paper
"Many observers are of the view that the Caribbean is a melting pot; that it is a place wherein European and non-European types "creolize" and thereby shed their different historical-national identities in favor of one that is "West Indian" in nature. This argument, however, has been vigorously challenged by others who assert that the Caribbean is really a collection of different regions which have their own unique, distinctive features. Simply put, while there may be regional similarities vis-a-vis food, music, dance, dress and a host of other elements, there are many more (or at least as many more) differences as there are similarities (Allahar, p.1-2). Simply put, Allahar appears to be to arguing two things: firstly, West Indian/Caribbean is diverse; secondly, despite this diversity, the region has certain societal features that distinguish it from other regions and which bind together its disparate elements."
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Culture Clashes Within A Culture, 2008.
An analysis of "Interpreter of Maladies and Other Stories" by Jhumpa Lahiri.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the "Interpreter of Maladies and Other Stories" by Jhumpa Lahiri and highlights how a culture clash can occur between people of the same culture and background. The paper focuses on the title story of "The Interpreter of Maladies", the story "The Third and Final Continent" and the story "Mrs. Sen's". The paper emphasizes these stories' lesson that one cannot assume a common culture simply because one's ancestors share a common point of origin.
From the Paper
"The term 'culture clash' seems to imply a conflict or a misunderstanding between two polarized cultures, quite often Eastern versus Western culture. For example, in the short story, "When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine," from Jhumpa Lahiri's Interpreter of Maladies the young narrator is told by her teacher that history begins with the American Revolution, as if her own Indian heritage does not exist. This sense of insignificance is even internalized by Indian natives. A Bengali calls his nation "nothing [you'll] ever need to worry about" in the story "Sexy," when showing an American his nation is on a map (Lahir 84)."
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High Culture and Popular Culture, 2003.
Applies concepts to the professional field of education.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses tenured professors as representative of high culture and associate and/or adjunct professors as representative of popular culture. Describes the greater freedom of tenured professors.
From the Paper
"In his book, Popular Culture and High Culture: An Analysis and Evaluation of Taste, Herbert J. Gans distinguishes between producers and consumers of high and popular culture based on the disparities of educational attributes and class. Applied to the ..."
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Advertising, Popular Culture and Capitalist Use of the Sub-Cultural, 2002.
An analysis of two articles dealing with the above topics.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
A paper comparing two provided articles - Maynard's concerning homoerotica as employed to sell men's underwear among other products, and Hebdige's more general comments on the power of subcultures when representing reality via media.
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A Cross-Cultural Study of Five Cultures, 2000.
An analysis of cross-cultural testing for several personality traits, such as impulsiveness, aggression, and play.
2,966 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 5 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Paunonen, Zeidner, Oosterveld and Maliphant (2000) used a novel personality inventory called The Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire consisting of 136 items that measured the 16 personality traits of: affiliation, exhibition, play, nurturance, aggression, dominance, achievement, endurance, order, impulsivity, social recognition, succorance, autonomy, thrill-seeking, sentience and understanding. The subjects were asked to estimate the likelihood that they would engage in such behavior or the like, for example, a drawing of an upside-down person on a chord attached to a ledge would be the equivalent of " I like bungee jumping? in a worded personality test."
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Relationship between Organizational and Societal Cultures, 2009.
A research proposal to investigate the relationship between organizational culture, societal culture and leadership styles.
2,629 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 44 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal that sets out to identify pertinent traits that characterize effective leaders in various societal settings. The importance of these outcomes relates to the increasingly multicultural society in the United States. The four main aims and objectives of the proposed study are to identify the relationship between organizational culture and societal culture; to identify what leadership styles have been identified as most effective; to identify relevant cross-cultural issues that may affect leadership styles and to determine how leadership styles vary from culture to culture around the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Aims and Objectives
Significance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-Collection
Sample
Setting
Ethical Considerations
Evaluative Action Plan
Instruments/Measurements
Chapter Summary
Results and Presentation of Findings
Discussion, Implications and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Indeed, these fundamental shifts in demographic composition have introduced a number of challenges to leaders of all types of organizations today, and identifying best practices becomes particularly difficult in view of the increasingly competitive and dynamic globalized marketplace in which these companies are competing. Certainly, it is possible and therefore desirable to discern some good examples from bad when it comes to effective leadership in various organizational settings in this environment today, and this relationship between organizational culture and th"e larger society in which it exists is the focus of the proposed study which is discussed further below."
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Intellectual Property in Oral and Literate Cultures, 2001.
Why intellectual property rights exist in literate cultures and do not exist in oral culture.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This essay is an in-depth analysis of intellectual property law in an historical context. The specific history can be divided into two periods of cultural development, orality and literacy. The concept of intellectual property (individual ownership of creative work) was not present in oral cultures, but it is enshrined in law in literate cultures. This essay draws on the works of communications scholars like Walter Ong and Dan Lacy in order to establish these facts, and then proceeds to analyze them using one of Marshall McCluhan?s most famous insights, that ?the medium is the message.? What this essay shows is that the medium of information preservation in oral cultures is fundamentally different than that of literate cultures. One medium supports the concept of intellectual property, and one does not. In other words, the medium determines the morals of the time. What is considered theft in literate culture is just sharing in oral culture. This examination of intellectual property in historical context is especially relevant today, with the current legal disputes over intellectual property in the music industry.
From the Paper
"At this moment in 2001, intellectual property is a hot topic. The right to own an idea is being debated in fields as disparate as medicine and the music industry. In historical context, however, intellectual property is a relatively new concept. The first modern copyright law only emerged in 1710 and the People?s Republic of China did not have a copyright system until 1991. In contrast, the first known cave painting dates to 31,000 BC. Humans have been creating for thousands of years, but those expressions were only defined as personal property quite recently. The exact moment of this definition is still debated by experts: some say it came with the first copyright law, some say it began with the printing press in 1436, and others say that it emerged with ?the artist with a markedly individual personality? in 6th century BC Greece (Ploman and Hamilton 5). Regardless of the specific point of division, copyright as we know it today was not present in ancient oral cultures (Bettig 11) and is not present in modern oral cultures like that of the Balinese (Ploman and Hamilton 4). Why the concept of intellectual property is evident in highly literate cultures and not in oral cultures can perhaps be best understood in terms of the social and political context of their respective historical periods. One explanation that emerges is that the chosen mediums of oral and literate cultures are qualitatively different and that each engenders a different set of social norms to guide intellectual production. What this paper seeks to do is to pursue this line of questioning by discerning what the medium was for each culture, analyzing the nature of each medium, and, finally, explaining how the medium determined whether or not the concept of intellectual property emerged."
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Colliding Cultures, 2008.
This paper looks at the concept of colliding cultures in 'Master Harold... and the Boys' by David Hoegberg, 'Dream on Monkey Mountain' by Derek Walcott and 'No Sugar' by Jack Davis.
4,126 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the concept of colliding cultures, as illustrated in 'Master Harold... and the Boys', 'Dream on Monkey Mountain', and 'No Sugar' contains both negative and positive implications. The writer notes that all three plays demonstrate that when cultures collide, the inevitable result is domination and oppression, which originate in racism because competing ideologies also are at work. The writer maintains, however, that the plays also are based on an alternate meaning of colliding cultures which involves illumination of one culture by another, as well as exposure of the value and dignity of the oppressed by comparison with the lack of humanity by the other. The phenomenon of changing identity as one of the main outcomes of colliding cultures is an important theme in all three plays, and this is explored along with strategies to indicate altered identity such as shifting forms of language.
Outline:
Introduction
The Meaning of Colliding Cultures
Manifestations of Colliding Cultures
Consequences of Colliding Cultures
Symbolism and Imagery
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Hally is situated in a privileged class since he just happens to be the son of the proprietors, and so he can lord it over the black men. Hally has been culturally and socially conditioned to be the men's master but, in fact, he relies on them for emotional support. In an ironic reversal, they are the boys while he is the master. While Hally illustrates white dominance, he is too immature for the segregation but is quite capable of extreme racism against his friend Sam. There is a mutual emotional bond between Sam and Hally, and Sam is Hally's intellectual equal so that segregation is not possible."
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Globalisation and Local Cultures, 2003.
A discussion on why globalisation will not make local cultures disappear.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Through the culmination of evidence and case studies, this paper argues that local cultures around the world are not expected to disappear with increasing globalisation. The crux of the paper centres on the theory that culture is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon and it uses this reasoning to explain why local cultures are more likely not to lose all aspects of their traditions. It also discusses several theories on cultural change and how these relate to the force of increasing globalisation. The paper contends that we are more likely to see globalised local culture rather than global culture, therefore demonstrating the implausibility in the notion that local culture is likely to disappear.
From the Paper
"For the Gapun people, we find globalisation forcing the hybrid language Tok Pisin into becoming the spoken vernacular for the next generation. Tok Pisin or Pidgin English is essentially how most Papua New Guinean communities have collectively interpreted and applied the English language to their own culture. In Tajikistan, there are many who hold on to socialist ideology while still embracing a traditional Islamic code of behaviour (Rashid 1995). Tomlinson (1999) argues, however, that hybridisation of culture is not a new phenomenon. So if local cultures have always been hybrid, what is the effect of globalisation on them?"
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Micro-cultures, 2007.
An analysis of personal experience and general information on micro-cultures.
2,291 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper is divided into two parts. The first part of this paper discusses a micro-culture of which the writer is not a part. It discusses the concepts of micro-cultures and provides a better understanding of the various types of micro-cultures that exist. The second section of the paper discusses a micro-culture of which the writer is a part. This section provides real-life examples, explains more about micro-cultures and describes a little bit about the writer.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
A Micro-Culture That Does Not Include Me
Micro-Culture that Does Include Me
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper
" When referring to the micro-culture of Religion, what is being referred to for the purposes of this paper, is a micro-culture that consists of people who share common thoughts, beliefs and perceptions, more specifically, faith in God. However, the faith that defines this micro-culture also creates several other positive attributes that help to define the culture itself, such as respect for one's elders, leaders and government. Pride in one's country, patriotism to be more precise, is a key ingredient. Core values that are exemplified by the Religious micro-culture encompass honesty, integrity, respect, trust, and humility; these core values have helped to shape positive religious movements for hundreds upon hundreds of years and helped to establish America so many years ago (Welty, 1981)."
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Genocide or Clash of Cultures?, 2004.
A discussion of whether the cultural decimation of the American Indian was caused by a clash of cultures or genocide.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how facts and documentation all point to the genocide of the American Indians and indigenous culture, as opposed to a mere clash of cultures, and how arguing against this by using facile sociological theories of cultural change and adaptation is simply to mask the reality of history. It looks at how the reality of the genocide of the American Indians is a part of a history that should be examined and exposed, as it provides important lessons in intolerance and understanding. If these historical realities are ignored or transmuted by false theories and perceptions, the danger exists that these tragic events may be condoned and even repeated in other forms and histories in the future.
From the Paper
"While documented evidence of genocide is a historical fact, some still view the genocide of American Indians simply as a minor, inevitable tension between different cultures, which forms a part of history. Supporting this belief is Vice-President Dick Cheney who is of the opinion that the history of the American Indian is the result of a clash of cultures rather than genocide. Addressing students Cheney told the audience he did not believe the mass extermination of the American Indian population that took place from 1492 until the late 1800s could be considered genocide. It was merely a clash of cultures that occurred for a brief period and was perpetuated by Europeans . (Grim R.) The theory of the clash of cultures implies a fusion and integration of cultures and a more benign sense of social and historical development."
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