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Henry Allison's "Kant's Theory of Taste", 2002.
This paper reviews Henry Allison's critique of Kant's theory of rational judgement.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Henry Allison's critique of Kant's theory of rational judgement and then highlights and explains the difficulties Allison has with Kant's theory. Specifically, this paper explains Allison's view that, in contrast with Kant, one cannot have a "disinterested liking" toward the object being judged.
From the Paper
"The aesthetics of taste and the merits of rational judgement are often posited as binary opposites. Yet rationalism did not lead Kant to exclude taste from his system of philosophy. Instead, taste figures prominently in Kant?s analytic, notes scholar Henry Allison in his text on Kant?s Theory of Taste. (2) The theory of disinterested taste advanced in Kant?s Analytic of the Beautiful is explicitly in dialogue with his German philosophic contemporaries. It attempts to define a pure judgment of taste, which Kant believes must be devoid of all interest. ?Everyone has to admit that if a judgement about beauty is mingled with the least interest than it is very partial and not a pure judgement of taste.?
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Kant's Theory of Goodness, 2005.
Examines briefly how philosopher Immanuel Kant viewed goodness.
948 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the definition of goodness. It then looks at how Immanuel Kant viewed goodness. Kant asserted that we all have a good sense of right and wrong, but it is when we have the courage to do the right thing under unfavorable circumstances that we can actually be considered good.
From the Paper
"The altered or modified definition of goodness would thus read something like this: possessing courage and strong character that would enable a person to act on his good values and beliefs in trying times. A person would be said to have goodness if he doesn't let go of his values when they are put to the test. If a person despite being good and virtuous otherwise is unable to act according to his beliefs under odd circumstances, he cannot be said to possess goodness."
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Categorical Imperative, Good Will and Duty According Kant, 2004.
An analysis of Kant's moral theory according to "The Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals" that argues Kant's philosophy is overly simplistic.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper first explains Kant's theory of universal law, and defines key concepts and terms. The paper then goes on to argue that Kant ignores conflicting duties and external factors in morality. This argument is supported by hypothetical examples and quotes from philosopher Thomas Nagel's book, "The Last Word".
From the Paper
"Human beings guide their actions by instincts and selfish desires. How could it be possible to act differently? The philosopher Immanuel Kant wrote The Foundation of the Metaphysics of Morals as a set of axioms [principles or postulates] that can be used in constructing moral laws based on the use of reason. Kant in his ethics takes his point of departure from the concept of good will: "nothing in the world can possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualifications except a good will." (Kant, 1959, p.9)"
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"Good Night, and Good Luck", 2007.
This paper discusses media ethics in the movie "Good Night, and Good Luck."
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how the film, "Good Night, and Good Luck"
takes place in the hostile environment of the "Red Scare" in 1950s America. The paper relates that "Good Night, and Good Luck" tells the story of the CBS broadcast team who overcome immense pressure from sponsors, owners and even the government in an attempt to broadcast the truth to America. The paper examines how the characters face three ethical dilemmas that are a reflection of the difficult ethical choices that exist in the media.
From the Paper
"There are numerous ethical issues facing the characters in "Good Night, and Good Luck." The primary ethical issue is Edward Murrow's quest to maintain what he believes his right from wrong in his reporting of the news. A second ethical issue is Joseph McCarthy's apparent unethical decision to use lies to get his point of view across. He calls anyone that crosses or dares oppose him a Communist. A third ethical decision involves the CBS Studio who decides to turn a blind eye to the in house marriage which is against company rules and regulations."
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Film: "Good Night and Good Luck" (2006), 2007.
This paper is a a visual analysis of the film "Good Night and Good Luck" (2006).
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the film "Good Night and Good Luck" is a social commentary and biography of 1950s era CBS television newsman Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965), and the period of the "McCarthy Years". The author points out that the transitions between film shots and real footage was made excellent because both the entire film and the real footage are in black and white and almost always the people inside the CBS studio itself are seen looking at television monitors where this footage is playing. The paper relates that the film was effective visually as a depiction of the 1950s because it was shot it entirely in black and white (as there was no color television in the 1950s), the 1950s-era costumes, the prevalence of cigarette smoke inside the workplace, the 1950s jazz instrumental and vocal music and the overall stark, "no frills" atmosphere of this era and setting.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: A Background History of the Film
Beginning Credits
Lead-in Shots, Techniques, and Attraction of Audience Interest Sequencing of Scenes and Episodes from a Visual Standpoint
Color Scheme and Motifs
Costume Design. Music: How Does Music Support the Visuals? Recurring Visual Motifs and Symbols
A Scene with Only a Little Dialog Dependent on Visuals
The Most Memorable Scene
Camera work: Close ups? Distance shots? Unusual Angles?
Closing Scenes
Observations
From the Paper
"The credits at the beginning of "Good Night and Good Luck" appear, interspersed with various lead-in shots of newsmen dressed in 1950's era tuxedos and smoking cigarettes, along with a few women in evening dress, waiting for a speech by Edward R. Murrow. The credits are not given all at once, but rather, mixed in, at evenly-timed short intervals, among the opening shots. The opening credits are not extensive, but mention only the director, producer, and a few others. When these few credits are over, then, wed are already involved in the lead in action of the movie, ..."
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Behind Every Good Man is a Good Woman, 2003.
The following paper presents a detailed examination of women in the confederacy.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the duties and involvement that women had in the way as well as examples of patriotism shown by women. We are also given some examples of female heroines from the war.
From the paper:
?When we think about a Southern Belle, we envision a pale, fragile wisp of a woman who swoons if it gets to hot. She is delicate and beautiful and must be taken care of by a man. Over the last centuries this is the image that we have adopted when it comes to the way we perceive Southern women. The reality however is much different. Even during the Civil War women of the Confederate side were tough, capable and willing to do what ever it took to win the war effort against the North.?
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Kant and Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses Immanuel Kant's theory of ethics.
762 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Immanuel Kant's theory of ethics is grounded in deontological principles. In such theories, rules are of utmost significance in deciding a moral dilemma. However, the writer points out that Kant was not an ordinary deontologist and he was in fact highly critical of ethical theories and moral philosophies that preceded his work. His theory is known as critical theory because of the errors that Kant identified in theories presented by previous thinkers. Kant's ethical theory begins with the definition of good will. The writer agrees with Kant that one must be autonomous in his moral decisions and act only if he feels that such a law is universal in nature.
From the Paper
"Moving ahead with this, he explained that good will was not bound by duty. In other words, while duty might compel many people to have a good will but a genuine good will should never be dependent on duty. When something is dependent on something else, there is always room for personal desires, prejudices and biases taking over. But a genuine good will is something that stays closely connected with one's personal sense of morality and is neither governed by a sense of duty nor by conventional morality. However since man has his limitations and is often moved by his personal desires, duty is the only thing that would force him to act on good will and good will alone. This is an interesting paradox but one that is largely based on reason. Ideally, good will should be free of duty but man cannot attain good will without having some law or sense of duty binding him to act on it."
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Kant and Capital Punishment, 2008.
This paper explores Kant's theory of deontology and his views on the death penalty.
1,202 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of Kant's deontology theory and its implications. The paper then argues that Kant's theory presents indisputable support for the death penalty in our society today.
Outline:
Kant's Deontology
Kant and the Death Penalty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To start with: what is deontology? The word's most basic definition is etymological: the study of duty. Unlike utilitarian philosophy, which can be summed up in the rather trite and shopworn "the end justifies the means," deontology does not assign much importance to an action's consequences, focusing instead on its motives. Or, more concisely: deontology detects moral worth in motives, rather than in outcomes (McCormick 8d). The implications of this are monumental, as Kant is basically arguing that an action may lack moral worth even if its outcome is desirable and, conversely, that an action whose outcome is questionable may be considered "good." To understand these conclusions, it is important to elaborate further on Kant's ideas of categorical duty as opposed to contingent, or hypothetical, duty."
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John Rawls? ?A Theory of Justice?, 2002.
This paper discusses John Rawls' ?A Theory of Justice?, which presents a theory of justice that supports the liberal-democratic viewpoint of the rights and freedoms of individuals in society.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the John Rawls' theory declares that no inborn benefits of political authority, substance riches or natural capability should irreversibly or overpoweringly establish life chances and that these morally subjective issues should not establish the value of political liberties to moral persons. The author points out that Rawls and numerous other moderate philosophers employed this theory as a weapon with which to impose warfare on the English nobility by which a minority was repressing monetarily and socially a majority. The author believes that, in the twentieth century, John Rawls's emphasis on impartiality has lured extra observations and stimulated extended concentration than any other exertion in ethical or opinionated philosophy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Origin of the Theory and the State of the Justice System at that Time
Justification
Constructivism
Utilitarianism
Intuitionism
Contrast with Kant?s Theory
Impact of the Theory; Now and Then
From the Paper
"Setting the juncture for his conjecture of justice Rawls aims at the departure of utilitarianism and labels it a "distribution problem". As stated by Rawls, utilitarianism grows erroneous if it disappoints to disburse concentration to how that welfare is circulated; there is nothing incorrect, however, with the utilitarian model of publicizing the common interests. The contentment of others cannot make up for the immense anguishes by a few. This is a sharing difficulty as when the pain is circulated in one location and the pleasure is circulated everyplace else, delight disappoints to recompense for the pain i.e. "one man's fortune is another man's gain". Or else if one endures at the present for some afterward reward, then the victim is satisfied later, than likewise the beneficiary of the anguish is afterward the receiver of the pleasure, equalizes it. Equally, it is unjust to compel one to compensate for one?s sins but just if one compensates for himself. Utilitarians can't eliminate a definite type of discriminatory agreement for the reason that the reimbursements and afflictions are not disseminated reasonably by being oblivious to how that pleasure is scattered and in its place considering the figure of bliss. It is vital to observe that it is the injustice that plights Rawls not the inequality of the agreement. Such an unjust conclusion cannot survive in any moral organization. Therefore, it is no chance that considering this Rawls opts to name his conjecture "Justice as Fairness"."
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Philosophy of Kant, 2002.
A paper which describes Kant's theory of pure and practical reasoning.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
Immanuel Kant had a supreme interest in making major political changes for the better of society. Kant?s beliefs were what was considered morally right today should not be affected by the unethical behavior or judgments of yesterday. This paper discusses Kant?s theory on pure and practical reasoning, how the individual applying this notion affects the entire human race, and can produce the end result of freedom and happiness.
From the Paper
"For example, the con artist will convince many elderly people that they will make a major contribution to saving the world by allowing him to use their checking account to deposit and take large sums of money. They claim they cannot use any more accounts in their name for insurance reasons. The elderly, wanting to do a good deed, gives the person access to his or her bank account. The con artist cleans out the elderly persons bank account, which had their life savings in it, and skips town. Only later, is it discovered that he uses fake identities. Kant?s moral law says that we must not consider any previous experiences when making a decision to do what is moral. Lying and deceiving someone is definitely not ethical. Would it be unethical to use an elderly person who was aware of what was going on to catch the con artist, without the thief knowing this was a setup? If the decision to carry out the setup excludes all previous actions, then Kant?s moral law suggest that lying and deceitfulness is unethical, although this procedure may prevent many other elderly people from becoming victims. "
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Philosophy of Kant, 2002.
An explanation of Kant's theory on the power of an individual in society.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
A review of Kant's philosophy with regard to individual, society and power. Kant believes the individual cannot be both a utilitarian and a Kantian in terms of moral theory. Of the two, Kant offers a more deterministic view of morality, while the utilitarians offer a more social morality. This paper looks at two pieces by Kant that explore the place of the individual in deciding their path in society and the power they have to control it all.
From the Paper
"From one standpoint, man is a finite rational being and must see himself as belonging to the intelligible world. Therefore, he must conceive his will as free from determination by sensuous causes and thus as being obedient to laws based on reason alone. This means that he can never conceive of the causal action of his own will except under the idea of freedom. In this way Kant removes the suspicion of a vicious circle, and he does so by indicating different approaches to knowledge, approaches that are necessary."
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Moral Goodness, 2002.
An analysis of Aristotle's philosophy of moral goodness, as put forth in his work ?Nicomachean Ethics?.
1,497 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how Aristotle?s concept of moral goodness or righteousness, as expounded in his chief work, entitled ?Nicomachean Ethics,? shows how all human actions are aimed at some good, which is part of a series of goods that lead to an ultimate good. That ultimate good must be complete, final, self-sufficient and unceasing, which is called happiness or ?eudamonia? in Greek. The paper also discusses other ideas which appear in ?Nicomachean Ethics? such as virtue and the good life, which all ultimately link up to moral goodness.
From the Paper
"He defines ?virtue? or ethical ?virtue? as a habit, which disposes a person to act by deliberate choice, being at the mean, and defined by reason as a prudent man would. Virtue is not a single act but a series of acts that proceeds from a habit of acting well. An act is virtuous only if it done deliberately, with full awareness and knowledge, and doing it because it is a noble act. The act must be the golden mean between extremes. And a prudent man is one who exercises the virtue of prudence, which is an intellectual virtue, whereby a person determines the mean in every situation and does it. A virtuous action must also be voluntary, that is, without fear or ignorance, and with proper intention, which works with reason in being performed."
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Theories of Self, 2004.
This paper compares Hume?s and Kant?s theories of self.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both Kant and Hume argue that there is no sense of self, but that people only have an incorrect impression that there is one; while the outcome is the same, it can be seen that the method of arriving at the conclusion is different. The author points out that, in Hume?s case, the sense of self is rejected because there is no impression that can result in the idea of the self. The paper states that, in Kant?s case, the sense of self is rejected because the mind cannot experience itself or reflect on itself, since the self would have to be involved in that reflection.
From the Paper
"Hume also rejects the idea of the soul saying, ?nor is there any single power of the soul, which remains unalterably the same, perhaps for one moment? (Hume, Book I, Part IV). Hume then goes on to explain why people tend to think they have a sense of self, by describing the tendency of the human mind to link things together. Hume?s theory is that the mind wants to link things, including wanting thought itself to be one linked item. The mind then invents the idea of a sense of self as a means of linking itself. In Hume?s view, this is a means of tricking oneself into believing that one?s thoughts are continuous, when in fact they are not. Overall then, in Hume?s view there is no real sense of self. Instead, there is just a bundle of impressions, which the mind tricks itself into believing is one continuously existing object."
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Mary Rowlandson's "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God", 2008.
A discussion of Mary Rowlandson's narrative "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God" and its relationship to 17th century English Puritan society.
2,759 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Mary Rowlandson's narrative "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God" and explains how Rowlandson offers vivid accounts of Native lifestyles, with women and religious figures existing outside of, and in opposition to, English Puritan society. The paper discusses the social context of Rowlandson's life and the publication of "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God". Next, the paper explores Rowlandson's narrative in terms of the essentially inferior relationship between Christians and non-Christians in an effort to discern more about 17th century English Puritan society. The paper then looks at how "The Sovereignty and Goodness of God" is autobiographical in nature, describing the author's first-hand account of being in captivity, but not autobiographical in the traditional sense because it focuses exclusively on the three months she spent in Native captivity when she was about thirty-nine years old but not on her life before and after captivity.
From the Paper
"The bullets that sliced through the Rowlandson Garrison in 1676 facilitated a tear in the division of two cultural realms, a transfer between civilizations that resulted in the induction of Mary White Rowlandson into the Native world. For 11 weeks the boundaries of Rowlandson's cultural identification were tested as she was forced to live and participate in the society of her captors. During this time, the essential nature of her identity and status in society changed; rather than being the mistress of her own respected household, Rowlandson found herself occupying the lowest rung of Native society. She was now a captive servant to her Native master and mistresses."
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On God and Goodness, 2002.
A discussion in terms of Christian and Buddhist thinking whether one can be "good" without a God.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
As a provisional definition for this essay, "good" will be defined in the sense it was understood by the ancient Greek philosophers who played such an important role in shaping Western culture and civilization today. This definition, in turn, will be used in discussing whether one can be "good" without God, in terms of Christianity and Buddhism.
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