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Juvenile and Adult Courts, 2006.
A comparison of the juvenile and adult court systems, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each system.
2,743 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences and similarities between the juvenile court system and the adult court system. It then discusses the benefits and disadvantages between the two systems and the differences in the focus of the two systems, from the arrest, to the trial to the methods of punishment commonly employed. The paper concludes with recommendations for the future.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Section A - Differences and Similarities
Juvenile v. Adult Court: The Differences
Terminology
Rehabilitation v. Punishment
Confidentiality
Different Types of Arrests
Adults Can Be Sentenced to Death
Trial Procedures
Similarities
Miranda Rights
Trial Rights
Punishments
Section B - Benefits and Disadvantages of Juvenile Court
Benefits
Disadvantages of Juvenile Court
Section C - Implications of Abolishing Juvenile Courts
Section D - Recommendations for the Future
Requiring Attorney Representation
Minority Representation Issue
Child Development Professionals
Child Competency Standard
Abolishing Juvenile Courts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The juvenile justice system was created separately from adult courts at the end of the 19th century. The purpose of the juvenile court was to help avoid the stigma of having a record, and to lean toward rehabilitative rather than punitive. Even though the process is somewhat similar to the adult court process, the juvenile court certainly has its differences. Those differences being a major difference in terminology, trial procedures, more rehabilitation than punitive, and juveniles under the age of 18 can no longer be put to death. The court certainly has more benefits than disadvantages especially with the confidentiality of records and allowing juveniles a fresh start once they enter adulthood provided they stay out of trouble. There are some who believe that abolishing the system would be better as it is viewed as being too lenient. However, to do so would cause a bigger backlog in the adult system just as an example of a problem that would create. There are definite recommendations for the future to improve the juvenile justice system even though it has made great strides since its inception."
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Juvenile and Adult Courts, 2005.
A comparative analysis of justice in the juvenile and adult courts.
2,482 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper posits that it is awkward to talk about a juvenile justice system and gives two reasons for this. The paper shows that there is some debate over whether a criminal justice system exists. The writer concludes that if there is no justice in the adult criminal justice system, then in all likelihood, there is none in the juvenile justice system, either.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Comparative Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One criticism regarding the use of the term "system" is that it implies a coordinated effort, with agreement on purposes. While there is a conspicuous lack of coordination in the juvenile justice system, for explanatory purposes, juvenile justice will be considered a system, albeit one where the individual components sometimes work at cross purposes, or at counter purposes."
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Juveniles Tried in Adult Courts, 2006.
An argumentative essay on whether to prosecute and incarcerate juvenile offenders in the adult court and penal system.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of juvenile crime, which is becoming increasingly serious in the United States. The writer analyzes Proposition 21, which, in the writer's view, holds that the only way to curb the problem is to do away with concepts such as understanding and rehabilitation, concentrating on the safety of society as a whole. The writer examines whether this is the best strategy in terms of both social values and for the sake of juvenile offenders. The writer proposes that locking juveniles away together with adult criminals, and in effect ignoring the problem, is likely to only exacerbate the problem.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The History of the Juvenile Justice System
Proposition 21
The Problem or the Solution?
From the Paper
"While the criminal justice system has been, until recently, fairly lenient and rehabilitative towards juvenile offenders, more distant history tells a different story. In 1648 for example, during the colonialist period, juvenile offenders in the young country were treated extremely harshly (Current Events, 2003) . The death penalty was for example the punishment for any child older than 16 who cursed or mocked his or her parents. The first reformatory for juvenile offenders opened in New York during 1825."
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Juveniles Tried As Adults, 2007.
This paper argues that juveniles should to be tried in adult courts for violent crimes.
1,561 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that if minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. The paper discussses how minors could receive psychological help so that upon their eventual release they become productive members of society and not threats to helpless victims. The paper argues that a transfer to adult court should be available in all cases of violent crimes committed by people in their teenage years.
From the Paper
"With so many people concerned about the increase in violent crimes in our society, the logical place to begin the process of changing this dangerous trend is with the nation's youth. If minors who commit violent crimes were tried as adults and punished as adults, the number of violent crimes committed by youths would decline. Consequently, in the future the number of violent crimes in general would decline as stiffer penalties and punishments would be used to keep violent offenders in prison for longer sentences. Violent crimes can be defined as murder, rape, armed robbery, aggravated assault, larceny-theft and the like depending on state law (pbs.org)."
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Juvenile Offenders Be Tried As Adults, 2002.
This paper discusses whether juveniles should be tried as adults.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The author maintains that they should be, and supports his thesis with evidence of rising juvenile crime and the demonstrated inadequacy of juvenile courts. This three-page undergraduate paper discusses whether juveniles should be tried as adults. The author maintains that they should be, and supports his thesis with evidence of rising juvenile crime and the demonstrated inadequacy of juvenile courts.
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The Death Penalty: Juvenile and Adult Offenders, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the application of the death penalty to juveniles and adults in the United States with an emphasis on the difference in public support.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts how the death penalty is applied to juveniles and adults in the United States, and focuses upon the theme that there is much less public support for imposing the death penalty on juveniles than on adults.
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Juvenile Offenders in Adult Prisons, 2008.
This paper argues that juvenile delinquents should not be sent to adult prisons.
4,020 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that imprisoning juvenile offenders in adult correctional facilities is counter-productive. The paper explains that adult prisons focus on punishment rather than rehabilitation, which increases the likelihood that these offenders will become violent career criminals. The paper further explains that the harsh conditions of adult prisons only encourages the perpetration of further crimes once these juveniles are released back into society.
From the Paper
"Because juvenile offenders in adult prisons are exposed to a criminal culture characterized by violence and abuse, adult prisons tend to degenerate a wayward juvenile delinquent into a hardened career criminal. Daily survival requires finding ways to fit into and be accepted in the adult inmate culture, but most juvenile offenders experience difficulty submitting to authoritarian relationships with adult inmates. Adjusting to this harsh environment requires accepting physical and psychological intimidation as a part of daily lives and developing physical and psychological intimidation behavior themselves in order to survive. (Eisikovits and Baizeman 5-20)"
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Juvenile Delinquency: Should We Try Them As Adults?, 2005.
An analysis of the treatment of juvenile offenders.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine whether trying juveniles as adults would be a more effective deterrent to crime. The theories of those who agree with this treatment and those who oppose it are discussed. The paper also looks at the idea of those who have committed violent crimes should be treated as adults. The paper concludes that treating juvenile offenders as adults will not prevent juvenile criminal activity.
From the Paper
"With the media picking up on a seeming rash of juvenile violence and crime, calls for increased attention specifically in the form of harsher punishments have been made. Some even suggest that we do away with the juvenile courts system altogether and simply try juveniles as adults at the very least when they commit violent crimes. This has resonating with some people, especially those who feel that the current system is not acting to prevent juvenile criminal activity. Such proponents argue that we should punish those who commit violent crimes equally, regardless of their age (West 2). The purpose of this study is to examine several critical voices on the subject, some who are in favor of trying juveniles as adults and some who are not. This is a complex issue that cuts to the heart of the justice system; however, it will become evident that treating juvenile offenders as adults is neither a good idea nor an effective deterrent to crime."
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Juveniles in Adult Prisons, 2002.
A discussion of the ramifications of incarcerating juvenile offenders in adult facilities.
1,638 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of incarcerating juveniles (persons below 18) in adult prisons had been a common practice in the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries when no formal differentiation was made by the society in the response to crimes committed by juveniles and adults. It analyzes various aspects of the problems caused by this scenario of retribution over rehabilitation and suggests solutions.
Outline
Extent of the Problem
Minority Youths Disproportionately Affected
Why is Incarcerating Juveniles in Adult Prisons a Problem?
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not many people would agree with the notion that retribution is better than rehabilitation. Placing the juveniles in adult prisons and treating them as adults for crimes is a punitive approach that places more emphasis on punishment rather than rehabilitation. Since younger people are more susceptible to rehabilitation (because their behavior can be molded by the environment in which they are placed) the rehabilitation approach is obviously the more suitable option while dealing with youth crime. There is overwhelming evidence that youth placed with hardened criminals in adult prisons are more likely to come out as hardened criminals, and placing juveniles in adult prisons benefits no one--the victim, the community or the offender. The only thing it does is to satisfy an unreasonable desire to get even. (Rousch and Dunlop, 21) It is unfortunate that the politicians and the legislature have chosen to ignore history and evidence to the contrary in order to satisfy a public outcry for ?get tough? measures for youth crimes."
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Juveniles Tried as Adults, 2006.
A position paper arguing that juvenile offenders should not be tried as adults.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that juvenile offenders have long been treated differently by the criminal justice system, but this has been changing as community attitudes have shifted so that more and more juveniles are tried as adults. This trend largely reflects an increasing fear of crime and a belief in the power of punishment over rehabilitation. Trying juveniles as adults is not the best approach to take.
From the Paper
"The American juvenile-justice system was designed a century ago to reform children found guilty of minor crimes, but more and more, the system has to cope with more violent crimes committed by younger people. As Gil Garcetti, then District Attorney of Los Angeles, noted..."
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Juveniles in the Adult Justice System, 2000.
The pros and cons of diverting juvenile offenders to adult court and jails.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Children today represent a dichotomy for many people, one that instills both hope and fear, as is indicated in the following statement by Michael P. Brown:
From the Paper
"Introduction
Children today represent a dichotomy for many people, one that instills both hope and fear, as is indicated in the following statement by Michael P. Brown:
Children have been described as our future, our greatest resource, and our hope for a better tomorrow. For many Americans, though, children invoke fear. They represent violence, a segment of society lacking in self control and devoid of ethics and morals, and the failure of the family to instill traditional values: chief among them being the value of human life and respect for others (Brown).
Such views have led to calls for a change in the criminal justice system in order to increase the punishment possible for certain young offenders..."
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Treating Juveniles As Adults, 2008.
This paper explores the effectiveness of waiving juveniles to the adult justice system.
3,101 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that if states wish to essentially take away a juvenile's life through hefty sentences, there must be clear evidence that such a process leads to a better outcome for society as a whole, and for juvenile crime rates. The paper looks at the research for and against this practice and reveals that current research is demonstrating that the process may be highly problematic. The paper concludes that although research is incomplete, it has raised some troubling questions that may one day lead us to more definitively declare that the system is dysfunctional and ineffective.
Outline:
Trending Away From Waivers?
A Questionable Deterrent Effect
Prosecutorial Waivers and Due Process
Monsters or Ordinary Kids?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Arguably, the two most critical roles of the American justice system are to punish and hopefully rehabilitate criminal offenders. However, when it comes to the most serious crimes, such as premeditated murder, the focus can shift primarily to punishment, and offenders can face incarceration for life, and even execution. These harsh penalties have been extended to juveniles, who often can be waived to adult courts, where they are tried and subsequently imprisoned as adults. Proponents of the waiver system argue that serious crimes deserve the most severe penalties, and that even juveniles understand the basic premise that murder is wrong. Further, some believe that those who commit serious crimes such as murder may be beyond rehabilitation, and should be incarcerated for as long as possible."
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Trying Juveniles as Adults, 1994.
A look at the positive and negative effects on society and the Californian court system, with judicial waivers, fitness hearings, a comparison of adult and juvenile court process, outcomes and sentencing, alternatives and deterrence.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 14 sources, $ 103.95
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From the Paper
"The Impact on Society of the Increasing the Number of Cases Where Juveniles are Tried as Adults
I. Introduction
The impact on the court system should be minimal if juvenile offenders of serious crimes are tried adults in the criminal court system, rather than in juvenile court. The transformation of the juvenile court has evolved to a point where there is little difference between the procedures of juvenile court and criminal court.
The juvenile system was designed in the late 1950s to rehabilitate youngsters who became "a bit wayward." That type of juvenile offender has all but disappeared and in its place has evolved a sophisticated, violent youngster who has little..."
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Juveniles Being Tried as Adults, 2005.
A discussion on the history of juveniles in the court system.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how, in the United States, juveniles may be tried as adults when a variety of factors meet with state or federal laws and when the criminal offense is deemed appropriate. The paper explores how, historically, juveniles were tried as adults in a criminal justice system that did not view a difference in the criminal actions of adults or children. In later years however the United States began to accept the belief that children should not be incarcerated with or treated as adults because as children they deserved a chance at rehabilitation that would address their particular juvenile problems and ensure that their reentry into society was successful.
From the Paper
"However, by the 1980s, as gang activities and youth crime began to escalate, it became the opinion of many within society that juvenile offenders had to be treated with a firm approach that would lead to youth crime deterrence over the long term."
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Juveniles and Adult Incarceration, 2001.
A look at the complexities of juvenile sentencing.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This is a persuasive research paper that suggests that juveniles should not be tried as adults. The author argues that adult sentencing for juveniles will fail to minimize the increasing number of juvenile criminals and may even inhibit rehabilitation. The author stresses the importance of dealing with these criminals according to their age and to approach the issues that cause them to become involved in crime instead of simply punishing them.
From the Paper
"As more and more adolescents are committing heinous crimes that were in the past restricted to adults, the society is demanding that these criminals be put behind bars and tried as adults---not as juveniles as they were in the past. The argument is, if the adolescents commit adult crimes then they must be prepared to be punished like adults as well. This is raising cause for a debate that is not as simple as it seems. In 1996, for every 100,000 teenagers, 465 were arrested for violent crime, compared with 318 arrests per 100,000 adults. And the Justice Department reports that if current trends continue, the number of juveniles arrested for violent crimes will more than double by the year 2010. But the question is whether the threat of adult courts and adult jails will deter the would-be youth criminal. (Rambler, 1997)."
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