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Juvenile Justice Florida, 2006.
A review of Florida's juvenile justice problems.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of juvenile crimes. According to the paper, it appears to be that the states imposing the harshest punishments and consequences for juvenile crimes also have the highest crime and recidivism rates for the very juvenile offenders that they are attempting to rehabilitate. Florida is an example of such a state.
From the Paper
"Another state-specific problem relating to the juvenile justice situation in Florida is the seriousness of offenses for which juveniles are transferred to the adult justice system. According to Macallair (2000), 28% of these youths were charged with violent offenses. The rest were charged only with minor offenses. The harshness of punishment in such cases appears to be disproportional to the crime. Indeed, Macallair states that the system was originally implemented to target the "worst of the worst". This does not appear to be the case in reality.
A further problem specific to Florida entails the disproportionate representation of race in cases transferred to the adult court system. According to Macallair's report, African American youths are 2.3 times more likely than their white counterparts to be transferred to the adult court system. "
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The Juvenile Justice System, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the juvenile justice system and its method of dealing with juvenile offenders which has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception.
2,177 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.
From the Paper
"What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."
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Juvenile Detention, 2004.
An examination of the effectiveness of juvenile/youth detention centers on juvenile offenders in the United States.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explores thee impact of juvenile/youth detention centers on juvenile offenders in the United States and the rationale for dealing differently with juvenile offenders and adult offenders It looks at how there are various tactics that can be used inside and outside of the centers that are effective in reducing juvenile crime. It also examines how the way that adult and juveniles are dealt with in the criminal justice system is extremely dependent upon public opinion. It focuses on the effectiveness of Georgia juvenile detentions and provides some statistics showing how many juveniles are currently incarcerated and forecasts of how many are expected to be incarcerated in the future.
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of a detention center is also dependent upon the tactics that are used to address the problems that juvenile offenders face. In order to effectively serve these offenders juvenile detention centers must analyze the causes for delinquent behavior amongst Juveniles. In addition, the centers must be prepared to use unconventional tactics to effectively rehabilitate the juveniles. An article in the Journal, Reclaiming Children and Youth, explains that this type of innovation exists in places like Nevada. (Troup 2001) The article asserts that in Nevada juvenile detention centers are becoming more effective by coordinating and collaborating with all of the stakeholders involved."
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Juvenile Diversion Programs, 2007.
This paper explores the history and benefits of juvenile diversion programs in the United States and California.
9,633 words (approx. 38.5 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 196.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of juvenile diversion programs in the United States, with a specific focus on California's juvenile diversion programs. The paper discusses the benefits and successes of these types of programs, looking at current diversion programs already in place. The paper examines literature that shows the financial advantages of juvenile diversion programs as compared to processing juvenile offenders through the criminal justice system. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for future studies on juvenile diversion programs.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency and Attempts at Diversion
Support for Juvenile Diversion Programs
Background of Juvenile Diversion Programs
Pre-charge Diversion Programs
Specific Juvenile Diversion Programs Currently in Use
Brief Overview of the Juvenile Court System
Cost-Comparison of Juvenile Diversion Programs and the Criminal Justice System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States; in California the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention reports that on average, juveniles were involved in one-quarter of serious violent victimization annually over the last 25 years; juvenile offenders were known to be involved in about 1,100 murders in the U.S. in 2003; over 108,700 juveniles were in detention, correctional, or shelter facilities in 1995; and courts with juvenile jurisdiction disposed of more than 1.6 million delinquency cases in 2000."
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Juvenile Correction Facilities, 2002.
Discusses correction facilities for juvenile offenders in New York.
2,123 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
Juvenile crime is a tremendous problem throughout the United States. Several states have created initiatives to curb juvenile crime and prevent juvenile delinquency. New York is just on of the states that have taken the initiative to reduce juvenile crime with the Juvenile Justice Project. This paper begins by explaining the difference between juvenile delinquents and juvenile offenders. It also examines why juveniles end up in these facilities. The paper then focuses on the types of correctional facilities in New York and the treatment that juveniles get in New York correctional facilities. Finally, the author of the paper explains whether or not he agrees with the New York Juvenile Corrections System.
From the Paper
"In addition, to health services juveniles that are incarcerated in these facilities have access to education, chapel services, and recreation. (Secure Detention) Each of the detention facilities has three schools that are fully staffed and provide juveniles with a tailored education. These schools are collectively known as the Passage Academy. (Secure Detention) There are also full time chaplains who are available for spiritual counseling in each of the facilities. Chapel services are held during the week and on holidays. Juveniles are also given access to recreation including outdoor yards and game rooms. (Secure Detention)"
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The Juvenile Court System, 2004.
This paper discusses that the causality of juvenile offenders has changed, and therefore, the juvenile court system must change.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because of the shift in the level of violence in teen behavior, the focus of the juvenile justice system has gone from one of individualized treatment and rehabilitation to generalized concerns for public safety and accountability in juvenile offenders. The author stresses that possibly the most needed change is the realization that children are no less prone to violent behavior than adults are. The paper reviews the work of four experts, containing ideas such as juveniles should be held morally accountable for their criminal behavior, and the juvenile court must be vigilant to children's due process rights and sensitive to the individual developmental needs of juveniles in each case.
From the Paper
"One hundred years ago, when the idea of criminal justice was evolving from observations of major urban streets, and the need of children trapped therein, society was not confronted with the specter of Columbine High School, in which teens planned and executed an assault on the student population with semi-automatic weapons and home made bombs. Fifty years ago, when the current theories of progressive juvenile justice were being formed, pop culture music did not fill the radio airwaves with messages that encouraged teens to become violent toward a social order that did not understand them. Nor did teens sit for hours engaged in realistic vigilante 3-d simulations in the screens of video games. Although game makers argue that the violent games are only entertainment, and do not have a causative influence on children?s behaviors, many of these game are designed in the same way as FBI training simulations, in which new agents are taught to desensitize themselves to the prospect of killing another human being."
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Juvenile Prison System, 2005.
A literature review on the rate of recidivism among African-American youths in the U.S.A.'s juvenile prison system.
5,420 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This report examines the juvenile justice system in relation to recidivism rates in African-American juvenile offenders. The juvenile justice system is placed in societal context through use of labeling theory, control theory, and the presence of racial profiling. The link to the program-based juvenile correctional, educational, and/or residential treatment program is provided through an association with the continuity of labeling-based role behavior within the juvenile justice system. Issues of recidivism are compared between different sorts of programs, with an emphasis on the residential treatment program. The formation of an environment that simultaneously blocks the presence of criminality-associated factors and values the inhabitant who is incarcerated, strictly on terms of their being a criminal among other criminals, is assessed in its contribution to higher rates of recidivism following incarceration. The report primarily exists as a literature review rather than an actual longitudinal or other experimental methodology presentation, and operates on the central hypothesis that African-American juvenile delinquents tend to increase rather than decrease levels of criminal behavior after being incarcerated in the juvenile justice system. The effects of discrimination in terms of unequal treatment within the juvenile justice system of differing races is also addressed, as are program realities.
From the Paper
"These individuals may put themselves into a situation in which these relationships with supervision are seen as negative and/or absent. The role of the juvenile justice system in replacing these supervisory relationships is therefore crucial for an understanding of recidivism patterns following incarceration. The provision of a positive supervisory structure is what is wanted, while the provision of a negative supervisory structure is seen to detrimentally affect the juvenile within the justice system and lead to a higher likelihood of the original negative-supervision attitude's being reinforced. "The onset of puberty, the increased presence of alcohol, drugs, and weapons in a young person's environment, and growing economic pressures all increase the risk of being a perpetrator or a victim of violence" (Posner, 1998). The reduction of these presences in the juvenile justice system is too often reinforced within a sort of labeling situation that still places a high premium on the criminal's role of association with these presences."
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Juvenile Drug Crimes, 2004.
Provides information about programs designed to break the juvenile drug-crime cycle.
9,985 words (approx. 39.9 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 202.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes existing literature about programs designed to prevent the juvenile drug-crime cycle and, based on that literature, identifies interventions that offer the best chances for success. This paper also provides guidelines and recommendations for developing a comprehensive juvenile justice system that can best address the needs of juvenile offenders involved with drug crimes.
Outline
Intervening with Juvenile Drug Crimes
Abstract
Proposal
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literacy and Juvenile Drug Crimes
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Trends in Juvenile Drug Crimes
About Juvenile Drug Courts
Methodology
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Study
Part 1 and 2-- Survey Participant Profile
Results, Discussion and Conclusion
Major Intervention Strategies
Recommendations
Continuing Care
How Ethnicity and Culture Affects the Juvenile Drug-Crime Cycle
Guiding Principles
Fundamental Role of the Juvenile Justice and Treatment Systems
Implementation at the Local Level
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"With the prevalence of drug crimes among juveniles and the complexity involved in their treatment, which must involve both the child and his living environment, the traditional juvenile justice process is often unable to deal effectively with the entire problem. The juvenile drug court aims to fill this gap by providing immediate and continuous court intervention that includes requiring the juvenile to get treatment, submit to frequent drug testing, appear at court status hearings, and comply with other court conditions aimed at accountability, rehabilitation, long-term sobriety, and preventing further criminal activity."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2007.
A literature review on juvenile programs and recidivism rates among juveniles.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, how more recent programs and proponents of reform suggest that reforming juvenile programs and offering juveniles more access to rehabilitation programs may help reduce rates of recidivism and crime in large urban centers.
Outline:
Significance of Juvenile Programs and Recidivism
Overview of Juvenile Programs
Overview of Recidivism Rates Among Juveniles
Relationship Between Juvenile Programs and Recidivism
Family Interventions and Recidivism
Parent Child Interactions and Delinquency
Supervision and Delinquency
From the Paper
"Studies suggest that violent juvenile crime is increasingly on the rise (Butterfield, 1996; Howard & Jenson, 1998). This suggests that youth crime is not only escalating but also becoming more violent (Howard & Jenson, 1998). In light of this many juvenile justice systems are now challenging the beliefs that have traditionally guided decision making policies and practices in the hopes to establish a better balance between "rehabilitating" and "punishing" juvenile offenders (Howard & Jenson, 324). In the past the juvenile justice system has focused more on punishing offenders for their actions, with increasing numbers of young adults transferred to adult facilities for punishment and lengthy incarcerations (Tolan & Guerra, 1994)."
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Stretesky and Hogan on Environmental Justice, 2005.
A discussion and response to "Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida" by Stretesky and Hogan.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is a brief response paper to the paper "Environmental Justice: An Analysis of Superfund Sites in Florida" by Stretesky and Hogan. The paper discusses the effects of the research and whether or not it supports the conclusions drawn by the authors. The paper concludes that while interesting and significant in other ways, their conclusions are not adequately supported.
From the Paper
"In this paper Stretesky and Hogan report their findings about racial and economic relationships with Superfund sites in Florida. They found that areas with higher percentages of black and Hispanic people would lead to statistically significant higher chances of there being a Superfund toxic waste site within the area. Their findings also indicated that the reason for the higher percentages of non-whites is due to indirect discrimination as opposed to direct discrimination on the part of the white society. There are some problems with the conclusions drawn by Stretesky and Hogan, although their research is very interesting. One of the primary problems is that although they indicate that there is a relationship between the racial makeup of the people in the areas on and around the Superfund sites, they do not provide adequate information about the origins of the toxic waste."
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Juvenile Offenders, 2002.
A discussion of whether juvenile offenders should be tried as adults.
2,634 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, the issue of whether juvenile offenders should be punished in the same way as adults in light of the increase of crimes involving juvenile offenders and also the level of violence associated with such crimes. In response to the perceived skyrocketing in juvenile crime, states throughout the country have passed a variety of measures to send more juvenile offenders to criminal court. Historically our criminal justice system has encouraged law enforcement officials and prosecutors to focus on rehabilitation when it comes to juvenile offenders since law enforcement officials, prosecutors, and researchers believed that youths often make mistakes and are more able to learn and re-train their behavior than adult offenders who are often more jaded and violent. It evaluates how the decision to prosecute a juvenile offender as an adult has momentous consequences for the individual involved, with the juvenile offender frequently being confined with the general adult inmate population, arguably increasing the likelihood of recidivism since the juvenile offender will be exposed to ?new? crimes as well as techniques for avoiding punishment.
From the Paper
"There is a large array of literature concerning juvenile offenders and the issue of whether juveniles should be tried as adults. Presently there are three possible mechanisms used to allow juvenile offenders to be tried as adults. Judicial waiver involves a juvenile court judge transferring an adolescent to criminal court based on, among other things, the seriousness of the crime, the offender?s history, and the chances of the offender repeating his or her act. (Steinberg). Direct file policies allow the prosecutor to decide whether to file charges against a juvenile offender in criminal or juvenile court. (Steinberg). Finally, under statutory exclusion, certain categories of juveniles are automatically tried in adult criminal court. (Steinberg). Statutory exclusion is generally determined by a combination of age and the seriousness of the offense. (Steinberg)."
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The Future of Juvenile Justice, 2006.
A discussion on the current problems in juvenile justice and the future of the juvenile justice system.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses five factors that are believed to be significant in the occurrence and prevention of juvenile delinquency. It explores the ways in which the family, community, law enforcement, probation and courts can utilize the information to improve the juvenile justice system. Finally, the paper gives recommendations for future improvements to the juvenile justice system.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Family
Education
Environment
Social Status
Religion
Law Enforcement
Courts
Probation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With the recent influx of juvenile crime, especially serious crimes, the juvenile justice system has taken a lot of criticisms as to its mission and effectiveness. Society as a whole is becoming more interested which prompts law makers and law enforcers to take a harder look at the current system. During this paper, we are going to discuss five concepts that we believe to be the most significant social facts in the occurrence and/or prevention of juvenile delinquency. Those five concepts are family, education, environment, social status, and religion. Finally, we are going to discuss ways that we believe may help reduce juvenile delinquency in the future."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2005.
This paper is in two parts: A discussion of the prevention of juvenile delinquency and a. specific proposal for how to address the rising concern of juvenile delinquency among girls.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers, can lead to lawbreaking, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. The author stresses that it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. The paper uses statistics and general facts to support its conclusions.
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers where concentrations of impoverished youth from broken home situations are commonplace. Many of these young people - predominantly the boys - turn to delinquency and lawbreaking that can oft times lead to adult lives as career criminals. Consequently, it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. Theories for the causes of juvenile delinquency range from the commonsensical to the ridiculous. Somewhere in the middle are the statistically demonstrated factors that are indicators of whether or not a juvenile will turn to crime. Many types of crimes are associated primarily with the young and are considered "coming of age" crimes. These include drug experimentation, petty theft, and vandalism."
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Juvenile Justice Systems, 2004.
This paper describes and evaluates England's and Canada's juvenile justice systems.
2,920 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that England and Canada appear to have juvenile justice systems similar to the system in the U.S. The author points out that, under the Youthful Offenders Act of 1854, England's Juvenile Justice System was created separate from the adult system. The paper relates that the Canada's juvenile justice system has gone through three different phases throughout the 20th century; the Juvenile Justice Act of 1908 defined the age of juvenile delinquency from 7 to either 17 or 18, depending on the province; in the 1960s and 1970s, Canada protected children by legal rights, especially constitutional rights; and, in 1995, an act amended the Young Offenders Act to focus on a multidisciplinary approach focused on why young people commit crimes and on rehabilitation.
Table of Contents
England's Juvenile Justice System
Prevention
The Persistent Young Offender
Overview of Youth Court
Summary
Canada's Juvenile Justice System
Canada's Youth Court
Summary
From the Paper
"Over the past few decades England has been trying to deal with an increasing crime rate. Property offenses have been increasing dramatically, which is creating a big concern for the public as well as those that work in the system. Throughout the past decade, the British have put a great deal of focus on dealing with a desire to divert more young people away from the formal adjudicatory process, while also developing a plan that deals with the most serious and persistent young offenders. Several Acts have been enacted to attempt to facilitate the administration and delivery of both objectives; they include the Criminal Justice Act (1991), the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act (1994), the Crime and Disorder Act (1998), and the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999)."
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