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Jorge Luis Borges' "The Lottery in Babylon", 2006.
This paper analyzes Jorge Luis Borges' short story, "The Lottery in Babylon" written in 1941.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Jorge Luis Borges is a novelist known for using subjects that question God's existence and essence of life and that these themes appear in his short story, "The Lottery in Babylon". The author points out that, in the story, which is told in the first person point-of-view, the narrator is part of what is happening within the story but, despite his understanding of the people, cannot fathom the addiction of the community people to the lottery. The paper relates that "Lottery in Babylon" is full of symbolism and metaphors. For example, the term 'lottery' represents taking chances and the term 'company' represents God. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
"The Lottery in Babylon" - An Analysis
Plot
Theme
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lottery, as seen by the narrator's eyes, has undergone various evolutions. First, it was just like a very simple game played by the commoners. Then, the number of people who loved playing it increases, hence the rules of the game was changed. At first, the lottery only involves rewards that would be received by, of course, the winner. But when the game was eventually changed, punishments and irrelevant rewards were introduced. When still more and more people continue playing the game, the rules regarding the people who could join the game also changed."
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?The Book of Sand? by Jorge Borges, 2002.
A literary review of ?The Book of Sand? by Jorge Borges which centers around the theme of obsession.
1,006 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book ?The Book of Sand? by Jorge Borges about a man who buys the infinite book and becomes haunted with the idea that something can exist with no beginning and no end. His obsession grows and begins to take over his life. Eventually he realizes what the book is, causing him to finally hide it and with its removal, the man feels better though forever changed. This paper analyzes the obsessions and desperate emotions and describes how similar they are to the crippling effect that a forbidden love affair can have.
From the Paper
"He cannot bear to share the book with anyone; for fear that the book will no longer hold its magical esteem once others know about it. As if suddenly the book will no longer be infinite, and he will lose what has become the focus of his life. Those desperate emotions are like the crippling effect that a forbidden love affair can have ? as if the passion I feel will no longer exist if someone knows about the affair. As if the love I feel for the other person will cease once the love has been shared with the world. As if the love I feel will be taken from me by its rightful owner."
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The Labyrinth of Time, 2000.
This paper compares the nonlinear time construct presented in the essay, "A New Refutation of Time," by Jorge Luis Borges, and the stories "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession" by Algernon Blackwood.
1,266 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the different essays dealing with the issue of time. It explains that Borges's essay provides a beautiful backdrop from which to discuss the literary use of a nonlinear time construct. The bending of time in "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood, provides an interesting way for the authors to invite the reader into a twisted world of endless possibilities.
From the Paper
"Many people think of time as a linear construct: yesterday, today, tomorrow, but what if it was possible to warp that construct? It would be nothingness, like a clock without hands, leaving open a wide range of possibilities: traveling back and forth, seeing past present, and future converge into a single moment, or just being a thing of fiction created by the minds of people. Time, then, would be like a maze; the past, present, and future would come together as one, creating an almost endless array of possibilities for outcomes of events and interactions. This idea of nonlinear time is captured in the essay "A New Refutation of Time," by Jorge Luis Borges and the stories "The Garden of Forking Paths," by Jorge Luis Borges, and "Confession," by Algernon Blackwood."
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Borges' Use of Time, 2008.
An analysis of the use of time in Jorge Luis Borges' short story "The Garden of Forking Paths".
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Jorge Luis Borges' famous short story "The Garden of Forking Paths" circles around the subject of time. The paper asserts that Borges writing styles lives in the now. The paper also adds that, although there are references to the past in the story, they do not serve to describe history, but rather to question it. The paper concludes that Borges uses the ideas of living in the moment or "carpe diem" in his writing, as a literary tool, which he uses to contradict the past.
From the Paper
"Another technique I noticed in Borges writing is that everything he writes is a rising moment up until the point of the climax. Like I mentioned in the previous paragraph, Borges refuses to give us any back story. Often times however, the back story can be trivial to the story itself, resulting in boredom or useless information that, sometimes, can limit the progress of the story. I am not saying that stories with a past or explanation of history are boring, on the contrary, but, Borges writing style allows him to be able to write in such a way that allows the reader to skip the formalities and move right along to the substance of the story. Upon my reading and analysis of "The Garden of Forking Paths", I perceive that Borges is trying to force us to live in the now, and teach us that the information we are given will be sufficient enough to create, continue, and end a story. Even though the reader still has questions, it is inconsequential to know, because perhaps even if we did, it wouldn't make a difference in the long run."
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"The Garden of Forking Paths", 2004.
This paper examines Jorge Luis Borges' short story "The Garden of Forking Paths."
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper offers an examination of Jorge Luis Borges' short story "The Garden of Forking Paths." The paper discusses its central themes and how the characters and structure of the work illustrate them.
From the Paper
""The Garden of Forking Paths" Jorge Luis Borges' short story. "The Garden of Forking Paths" is the story of Dr Yu Tsun, a spy in the services of the German army during WWII. Tsun is charged with discovering the town where the British are hiding an artillery encampment. Once he knows the name of the town, Albert, he figures out a plan to inform the Germans of the name of the town."
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Short Stories as Character Studies., 2002.
A look at the three short stories by Chinua Achebe and Jorge Luis Borges and the role of their characters.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, three short stories are analyzed for character development. Referring to a short story by Chinua Achebe and Jorge Luis Borges, the author of this essay discusses a thesis statement. This thesis statement asserts that short story development depends on the psychological of the main characters of the three stories selected for this analysis.
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Post-Modern Literature, 2004.
An examination of three authors - Jorge Luis Borges, Zadie Smith, and Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill - and a discussion of whether their works can be considered post-modern.
2,108 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
To consider what makes a work post-modern, a definition of post-modernity is provided. This is followed with an analysis of the works of three post-modern authors, one an author of short stories, one a novelist, and the third a poet. By analyzing these three authors, the aspects that make a work post-modern are highlighted, while also showing the variation that occurs within the category.
From the Paper
"This definition highlights three common features of postmodernism. The first is the lack of clear meaning in texts, with postmodernist writers often creating works that do not have a clear theme, nor clear resolutions, or even plots. In many cases, postmodern writers do not focus on communicating a specific point. Instead, they may be content just to present a story and allow the reader to determine what it means for themselves. The second common feature of postmodernism relates to the structure of the works created. The main element is not a specific type of structure, but rather a lack of structure. Works not classed as postmodern generally have specific common elements. For example, a short story generally has a plot, characters, a climax and a resolution. In the postmodern work, these features may or may not be present. The main element that is apparent in postmodern works is often a lack of the structural elements expected in literature. The final common feature is that a sense of confusion or a search for meaning is often apparent in postmodern works."
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Borges and Calvino, 2002.
A study of the striking parallels of literary works of Jorge Borges and Italo Calvino.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the novels of Calvino?s 'Invisible Cities' to Borges? 'The Library of Babel'. It summarizes the stylistic and thematic similarities between the work of the great Argentine, Borges and the postmodern Italian, Calvino. The author illustrates how these writers seeks to emphasize the reader in their stories.
From the Paper
"Striking parallels exist between the work of Italo Calvino and the great Argentine, Jorge Luis Borges. To begin with, both writers, as John Barth deftly summarizes, ?wrote in a clear, straightforward, unmannered ? but rigorously scrupulous style?, (Barth, 2) or, as Mclaughlin put it: ?the brevity that encompasses infinity? (Mclaughlin, 108). They preferred the laconic short take, and even Calvino?s longer works are ?modular and combinatory, built up from smaller, quicker units? (Barth, 2). They were prevailingly disinclined to social/psychological realism, favoring ?myth and fable and science in Calvino?s case, literary/philosophical history and ?the contamination of reality by dream? in Borges? case? (Barth, 2). In keeping with typically postmodern tendencies, ?both writers inclined toward the ironic elevation of popular narrative genres?, as well as the ?ironic recycling of stock images? (Barth, 2-3). Finally, Barth explains how both of these brilliant authors managed to combine in their fiction the values he calls ?Algebra? and ?Fire?, referring to formal ingenuity and passion. Two works that exemplify all of these characteristics are Calvino?s Invisible Cities and Borges? The Library of Babel. These two works provide a suitable platform for discussion of some of the most salient themes and formal characteristics associated with these renowned authors."
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Florida Lottery Education Funding, 2002.
This paper discusses that the use of state lotteries to finance education is a debatable topic. The Florida state lottery is featured.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the lottery was to be used only for supplementary funding of education. The author points out that, unfortunately, Florida is using the lottery for basic funding; and, particularly in Florida, the lottery income is very meager and insufficient. The paper concludes that, nonetheless, when used as supplementary funding, lottery funding plays an important role in meeting the educational demands of the students.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Lottery Funding
Florida Lottery Funding
Scholarships
Florida School Recognition Programs
School Capital Outlay Bond Program
Impact of Lottery Funding
Political Factors
Uncertainty in the Lottery Revenue
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The reason for this aberration is the drastic cut down of the education funds by the government in total breach of the 1987 ?Florida Public Education Lottery Act?, which states that lottery revenue is only an additional source of money and that it must not affect the regular allocation on the part of the government. So instead of proving to be a boon for the students the lottery funding is now proving to be baneful solution."
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The Lottery: Funding Education, 2006.
This paper discusses the lottery as a property tax alternative to fund education.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the current taxation system used in Texas to raise monies for education has been ruled unconstitutional numerous times in a series of lawsuits over the past few decades. The author points out that proponents have pushed for the use of the lottery as a means of funding education for all students in many states. The paper relates that critics argue that using the lottery to fund education will only encourage unhealthy levels of gaming. The author underscores that many state lotteries contribute to the general state fund, which supports many programs not solely educational in nature, causing concern over the lottery truly supporting what it was designed to enhance. The paper concludes that the lottery is the only system that is viable enough to ensure that all Texans are taking ownership of providing appropriate educations for students from all socioeconomic levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Background
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The history of gaming and sweepstakes is lengthy in nature. Forms of lotteries have been in the context of our social environment since biblical times. The first known chance of winning actual money occurred in the 1530s during the reign of Queen Elizabeth in Italy; from here it sparked the privatization of lotteries for the nineteenth century with 15 percent of proceeds going to beneficiaries (Hills, 2003). According to Hill, in the late 1890s constitutions in 35 states were developed forbidding lottery operation due to concerns of morality, yet since 1985 more than $11 billion of supplemental funding has been raised in California for public schools."
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Symbolism in Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery", 2002.
This essay examines the emotional turmoil, obedience and defiance in Shirley Jackson's story "The Lottery".
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the feelings and emotions of the townspeople in Shirley Jackson's tale of perverse ritual and strict conformity in "The Lottery". The author discusses the cruelty and blind obedience of certain characters, and the intense guilt and defiance felt by others in participating in the lottery.
From the Paper:
"In Shirley Jackson's The Lottery we see an exciting game of chance turn ugly, as the winner of this lottery is subsequently sentenced to death at the hands of the town people. The town runs amok with various rebellious, evil, and utterly insensitive people who lie in wait for their next annual victim. Playing the role of judges, juries, and executioners, many of Jackson's characters depict a strong underlying theme of the evil, prejudice, and rebellion that is so prevalent in our everyday lives. All the characters' roles, as well as their names, were precisely chosen in order to awaken our hearts and minds to the callousness and rebellion that lies at the heart of every man in the face of habitual conformity."
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A Synopsis of Shirley Jackson?s ? The Lottery?, 2006.
A book review of Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery".
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this synopsis of "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson the author looks at many features of the book. He starts with a look at the false feeling of normal life that Jackson gives in the beginning of the book talking about how the villagers are carrying on with their regular chores at the beginning of the big lottery day. But as the author progresses he points out how Jackson introduces a dichotomy between tradition and change, youth and age, as one of the characters declares that several neighboring villages have abandoned the lottery. The author concludes that Jackson portrays the villagers as being locked in an immature developmental state, an unyielding, unquestioning, and mindless obedience to tradition as they are unwilling to abandon the lottery.
From the Paper
"Ms. Jackson's short story begins with the gathering of a small village's inhabitants as they prepare for their community's yearly lottery. As the lottery box is brought out, mothers are noted rushing with morning chores, as children boisterously play about the town square, while the men of the village slowly gather, discussing diurnal aspects of village life. These early elements of normalcy combine to allure the reader into false sense of security-a sense that what is about to happen is a positive event steeped in tradition. For example, Mr. Summers, who oversees the lottery, "spoke frequently about making a new box, but no one like to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the [old and dilapidated] black box" (Jackson 384). Here, the reader logically equates tradition with merit, for as Erich Fromm notes, "obedience to tradition [is] identified with virtue . . ." (381)."
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Works of Borges, Huraki Murakami, and Donald Barthelmew, 2005.
A comparative literary paper looking at the theme existence and non-existence in the works of Borges, Huraki Murakami, and Donald Barthelmew.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the theme of existence in short stories written by Donald Bartholomew, Jorges Borges and Huraki Murakami. While many of the characters seem to negotiate and struggle with life and death, they invariably are unable to explain the feeling of non-existence with their own lives. This problem arises when the question of reality is brought forth and what meaning life truly has within their actions and behaviors in society. Each work is analysed and the paper looks at the how the questions asked and the philosophical points of view advocated in each story relate to the issue of non-existence and existence.
From the Paper
"This literary study will examine the theme of existence within the short story works of Jorges Borges, Huraki Murakami, and Donald Barthelme. In three short story selections by each author, one can realize the question of existence that appears within the various characters that narrate through the tales. In this manner, many of the characters portray the theme of non-existence (or existence) within their environments, and through the tenants of individual experience. In essence, these three authors present questions and philosophical points of view that relate to the problem of non-existence and existence within their lives. In the short story "The Airplane" Murakami creates a dialogue that relates a man's view of woman that he is having an affair with. In many ways, she appears ordinary, but remains stoic in her attitude.."
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"The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson, 2006.
An analysis of Shirley Jackson's book, "The Lottery".
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson. The paper examines the book's theme of human society's tendency to hold on to redundant traditions and ideas, linking "The Lottery" to class-based system economics. The paper also discusses how the darkness created by the lottery is a reflection of the town's social inequality.
From the Paper
"The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson is a shocking tale of a town's sacrificial lottery that satires society's obsolete traditions and rituals. By taking a far extreme, the idea of sacrifice, the author questions our obsolete traditions. However, she also criticizes our social system by putting the three most powerful men in charge of the lottery. Jackson used "The Lottery" to satirize human society both on our pointless traditions and superstitions that we continue to carry out, regardless of whether we see a point in them or not, and our ruthless class-based system, the most powerful being in control of society's welfare and the lower-class sheepishly following the guidance of their overlords.
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?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson, 2005.
This paper discusses the significance of ritual and tradition in "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although ritual and tradition are bound up within Shirley Jackson's American Gothic tale "The Lottery", the best way to understand these two motifs is to examine one of the central characters, namely Mr. Summers, the conductor of the lottery. The question remains as to why Mr. Summers and the rest of the villagers continue the tradition of the lottery for it is obviously somewhat dated and rather redundant; but the writer points out that due to her skill as one of America's most talented storytellers, Shirley Jackson allows the reader to ponder this question alone. The paper concludes that the evils associated with certain cultural manifestations in the book, especially those related to ritual and tradition, can do far more harm than good.
From the Paper
"Mr. Summers's desire to "finish quickly" seems to indicate that he views the stoning of Tess Hutchinson, the person whose name was on the slip of paper withdrawn from the "black box," as an act of utter necessity, due to the age-old tradition of the ritual, part of which has been forgotten except for the use of stones as lethal weapons. This is highly reminiscent of certain passages in the Old Testament and in the New Testament where Jesus prevents the stoning of a prostitute by saying "Let the man who is without sin cast the first stone." It is almost as if Shirley Jackson has taken the ritual of stoning to new heights, for the luckless victim has not been found guilty of any kind of a crime and has not committed any acts against society; thus, the ritual appears to supersede any and all ethics linked to society and human behavior."
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