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John Locke and Private Property, 2002.
Examines the views of philosopher John Locke on the subject of property.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
John Locke wrote at a time of social unrest and questioning, at a time when the long-standing sovereignty of kings as ordained by God was being questioned. Locke did not see the power of kings as derived from the will of God but rather as developing as the result of some social condition. The paper shows that Locke asked first what state man would be in if there were no government and he found that human beings originated in the state of nature, the state that existed before human beings came together to form a society and a government. It shows that Locke saw this state of nature as placing the individual into a state of perfect freedom, with no necessity to ask any other person before determining his or her own actions or disposing of their own property. Property was an essential element in Locke's thinking, with the relationship of the individual to his property as being of paramount importance. The paper shows that the ownership of property was seen as a fundamental right, meaning that it was a right born in the state of nature. For Locke, the defense of individual liberty is inseparable from the defense of private property.
From the Paper
"The individual in society does not have absolute freedom, showing that something has been lost from the state of nature. Locke sees human beings as having agreed to give up certain rights and powers through some form of agreement. Society is thus formed when men cede certain powers to a central authority. Private property rights are to be protected by this state that has been created--human beings have given up certain rights in order to assure the protection of their property from the depredations of others. Locke traces the concept of private property from the time when God gave the world to Adam and his posterity. Locke sees political power as being "for the regulating and preserving of property" (Locke 4), among other things."
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John Locke and Private Property, 1994.
This paper describes John Locke's theory of property relating to the individual and the state andcompares it to ideas of Hobbes & Rousseau.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"John Locke wrote at a time of social unrest and questioning, at a time when the long-standing sovereignty of kings as ordained by God was being questioned. Locke did not see the power of kings as derived from the will of God but rather as developing as the result of some social condition. Locke asked first what state man would be in if there were no government, and he found that human beings originated in the state of nature, the state that existed before human beings came together to form a society and a government. Locke saw this state of nature is placing the individual into a state of perfect freedom, with no necessity to ask any other person before determining his or her own actions or disposing of their own property. Property was an essential element in Locke's thinking, with the relationship of the individual to his property as being of paramount importance. "
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The Origins and Consequences of Private Property, 2001.
This paper is a comparison and contrasting of Locke and Rousseau's ideas on how private property came about.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the different philosophies of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke with regards to the origination of the concept of private property. The author discusses how the philosophers differed in terms of defining human nature. The paper explores Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
From the Paper:
"In John Locke's book, "Second Treatise of Government," Locke sketches out a brief history of man in the state of nature and his progression from simple land dweller to land owner. In this description, Locke explains how the concept of property is necessary to human preservation and that property becomes property by having applied work, or effort upon an object. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person."
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Private Property Rights, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of the concept of private property rights in the United States.
1,480 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the classical liberal tradition has always defined the central purpose of all liberal governments as the protection of private property rights based on the philosophy of John Locke and Alexander de Tocqueville. The author points out that the problematic state of the Union where not all individuals are full citizens led to Abraham Lincoln's new interpretation of private property rights, which stated that human rights must be protected, even at the expense of property, such as slaves, and the government's right to protect human bodies and liberties, rather than merely protect private property, was paramount. The paper relates that, on the other hand, the 1823 case of "Johnson vs. McIntosh", a critical moment in the history of Indian law and American land claims, gave rights of ownership to the European sovereigns who "discovered" the land and converted the indigenous owners, the Indians, into tenants who may not benefit from sale of their land.
From the Paper
"National policy and wisdom, as opposed to property deeds held sway, according to the court, despite, "however extravagant the pretension of converting the discovery of an inhabited country into conquest may appear; if the principle has been asserted in the first instance, and afterwards sustained; if a country has been acquired and held under it; if the property of the great mass of the community originates in it, it becomes the law of the land, and cannot be questioned." In other words, as America found the land, perhaps in an illegal and colonizing fashion, but it would now dispose of the land, for "the Indian inhabitants are to be considered merely as occupants," even though "restriction may be opposed to natural right, and to the usages of civilized nations, yet, if it be indispensable to that system under which the country has been settled," it must be upheld."
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Information as Private Property, 2005.
This paper looks at texts on the issue of information as private property.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay describes, contrasts and compares three texts that all deal with the issue of information as private property, each from a different perspective. The paper examines the main arguments put forwards by the three articles and the issues that connect them. The paper also assesses the conclusions each of the texts reach as well as the implications of those conclusions.
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John Locke and Politics, 2004.
A look at the contributions of English philosopher, John Locke, to political philosophy.
1,239 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how John Locke?s theory of politics was greatly influenced by the period dealing with consolidation of power in England, a time when King William was beginning to challenge the domination of Europe by King Louis XIV of France. It discusses John Lock's theory of government and property rights, which were the cornerstone of his book, "Treaties of Government".
Introduction
John Locke?s Philosophy on Government and Property
My Reflections on Locke?s Theory of Government and Property Rights
Locke?s Property Rights Vs. Pursuit of Happiness
From the Paper
"There were also conflicts between Protestants, Anglicans and Catholics. These difficulties eventually led to a civil war in England {1640s}. King Charles I was defeated in the war and there were intellectual debates about what type of government and institutions should be in place. The debates also focused on such other issues as the abolishment of the monarchy, the Anglican Church and the House of Lords. The establishment of Oliver Cromwell?s Protectorate, which ended with Cromwell?s death in 1650, followed this period."
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2006.
A comparison and contrast of Thomas Hobbes' and John Locke's understanding of human nature and the issue of security of life and property.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Thomas Hobbes and John Locke appear to be very much in agreement in their thoughts related to their understanding of human nature and the issue of security of life and property, and that both philosophers were aware that the desire for gain and for property was the main source of all social conflict. The paper goes on to explains that, in spite of these similar perspectives, Hobbes and Locke actually held very different views of human nature and property. This paper examines those differences.
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John Locke, 2003.
A discussion on John Locke, his views and contributions to society.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a brief overview of John Locke and his life. It continues to discuss the influences of his views and writings as a philosopher. In conclusion, the paper expands on his political contributions and highlights how his opinions have stood the test of time.
Outline
John Locke: A Brief Biography
The Influences in Locke's Works and How he Fits in his Time
John Locke in the Contemporary Times
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Locke's contribution to his generation and the modern society focused on the role of the government and the people to each other. Despite of the changing course of politics in the seventeenth century, Locke was able to also shift his intellect effectively. The various political situations that happened in his time had been useful to the future generation because from his works, the contemporary times has gained basis and reference for the ideologies they fight for which are related to Locke's philosophies and writings."
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Philosopher John Locke, 2004.
This paper discusses the impact of John Locke's philosophy on the modern-day, North American governments of Canada and the U.S.
2,721 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by exploring John Locke's biography as means of providing a better understanding of why he developed the philosophies that he did. It continues by presenting his philosophies, views on government, obligation of revolution, state of nature, and man's reason for establishing government. Lastly, the paper discusses the influence of John Locke's philosophy on modern North America. Specific examples are drawn out from Canadian and American constitutional documents to show the impact that John Locke has had on North America.
From the Paper
"As long as people have been able to think and reason, all sorts of different ideas, philosophies, theories and arguments have circulated in society. Some have been good and many have been bad and useless. The good ones have remained known and respected in societies throughout generations and have unsurprisingly impacted the way people live and think. The theories of one particular philosopher by the name of John Locke have had an everlasting impact on modern day North American politics and government. This will be proven through the analysis of John Locke's biography, his political theories, and the influence of his philosophy on the nature of the rule of government in the U.S and Canada."
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John Locke's Philosophy of Government, 2007.
This paper examines the work of several critics in order to analyze the meaning of political power as presented by John Locke in his "The Second Treatise of Civil Government".
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke suggestion, in his "The Second Treatise of Civil Government", that establishing the rule of law without the use of force is not easy; however, Locke's discussion is clouded not only by vagueness but also by the fact that he "says too much". The author stresses that there is evidence that John Locke indeed supported the American colonies' drive for freedom. The paper relates that Locke points out specifically in his "Second Treatise" that taking property without the will and consent of the people is against both natural law and the fiduciary nature of civil authority.
Table of Contents:
The Limits and Functions of Government
Political Power
Hobbes on Sovereignty
Does Locke Trust People Too Much?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In fact, the British had repealed the Stamp Act after the colonies dumped tea in Boston harbor and otherwise rebelled against heavy-handed British rule; the colonies also objected to the very fact that they had come over to the new world seeking both religious freedom and a chance to get a new start economically. And from far away in England, came oppressive rule and taxation "without representation." Locke expressed - in his Letter on Toleration, which was "highly esteemed in New England" and which "the care of souls cannot belong to the civil magistrate," ..."
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John Locke, 2005.
This paper discusses John Locke's theory on politics and the establishment of government.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke (1632-1704), English philosopher and social scientist, founded the school of empiricism and applied empirical analysis to ethics, politics and religion, was the guiding light for the founding fathers of the United States during the American Revolution; and his thoughts on politics and government are incorporated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. The author points out that, in the present day, post-socialist world, Locke's liberalism is more relevant than ever since there is once again a danger in Western societies to move in a direction in which social justice and compassion for the weak, civil liberty and the rights of minorities are being put on the back-burner. The paper relates that Locke's views about politics and the government are still relevant and have stood the test of time three hundred years after his death when several other political theories such as Socialism have fallen by the wayside because of the balance of his ideas.
Table of Contents
Political Theories
Political Liberalism: Refutation of Hobbes
Natural Rights
Social Contract
Nature of Government: Separation of Powers
Views on Tax by the Government
The Right to Revolt
Agreeing with John Locke
From the Paper
"His theory about the establishment of government appeared at a time in Western history when a transition from the standard monarchial form of government to a more representative form of government was taking place. It was a crucial period. If John Locke's liberal ideas about the sovereignty of the people and their right to place their trust in a government for advancing their interests through a 'social contract' (and their right to change it if the trust was breached) had not been put across with the force of empirical logic, there was every chance that authoritarianism would have become the norm in Western societies. In the seventeenth century Europe, it was only John Locke's genius that managed to stop the formidable political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes in its tracks: the philosophy that advocated absolutism and concentration of power, albeit in a group of people (the legislature) rather than in an individual-- the monarch."
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John Locke, 2005.
This paper discusses the life and writings of John Locke, 17th century political philosopher, who had an enormous impact on democratic institutions.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke (1632-1704), who was English, was a scholar at Oxford University, a medical researcher and physician, a political operative, an economist, an ideologue and a philosopher whose thinking and writing still influences the U.S. today. The author points out that the conservative Christian movement's challenge to whether there is a constitutionally established separation between church and state is repelled by Thomas Jefferson's well-known letter of 1802 to the Baptists of Danbury, which describes "the wall of separation between Church and State" based on John Locke's concept of toleration. The paper concludes that some of Locke's more popular, even though not as philosophically profound, quotes are part of every day culture such as "I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts.". Many quotes.
From the Paper
"Locke's writings did not always carry the weight that they do today; indeed, even today, in England, Locke's native land, "...there is no public fanfare...you will find his portrait in the National Portrait Gallery, but demand is insufficient for a postcard to be on sale." But today Locke's writings are used by a diverse assortment of organizations to bolster or justify their positions. The National Rifle Association (NRA) uses the 137th paragraph of Locke's Second Treatise On Government as an authoritative source to bolster the NRA's position on the right to bear arms. "Whereas by supposing they have given up themselves to the absolute arbitrary power and will of a legislator, they have disarmed themselves, and armed him to make a prey of them when he pleases," Locke wrote."
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John Locke, 2005.
Explores the ideas of John Locke, 17th Century political philosopher.
2,029 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses several ideas put forth by English philosopher, John Locke, in his "Two Treatises of Government" and "Two Treatises of Civil Government". It examines Locke's ideas on property, his theory of social contract and rebellion. The paper provides a critical opinion on these ideas.
From the Paper
"Even with a theoretical ability to rebel against the government, a social contract that is not explicitly accepted by citizens is little more than coercion with an elaborate philosophical justification. The relationship between a government and a citizen by birth who has not explicitly accepted a social contract is a state of war; the government is attempting to assert absolute power over him without his consent. (II S. 17) Having the consent, or at least passive acceptance of a majority of citizens, the government is free to make war upon the remaining citizens at will."
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John Locke, 2008.
An overview of the beliefs of John Locke.
736 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses John Locke's belief in a social contract and his belief that government should protect the natural rights of life, liberty and property of its people.
From the Paper
"Locke is cited to be the first British Empiricist. He believed that government was only legitimate if it had consent from the people. Locke also believed that government protected the natural rights of life, liberty and property. If the people did not give consent to the government then there was no legitimacy and they had a right to rebel against the government that was imposing its will. Locke believed that there was a social contract between government and the people to govern in the way the people wanted. This paper will discuss Locke's belief in a social contract and his belief that government should protect the natural rights of life, liberty and property of its people (Locke, 1980, p. 9)."
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John Locke: On Government, 2002.
Why John Locke thinks civil government to be essential.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses political philosopher John Locke's ideas on why civil government is necessary. Examined in some detail are his theories of man's natural rights to life, liberty, and the protection of property, and his ideas concerning the structure of a democratic government.
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