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John Locke and Politics, 2004.
A look at the contributions of English philosopher, John Locke, to political philosophy.
1,239 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how John Locke?s theory of politics was greatly influenced by the period dealing with consolidation of power in England, a time when King William was beginning to challenge the domination of Europe by King Louis XIV of France. It discusses John Lock's theory of government and property rights, which were the cornerstone of his book, "Treaties of Government".
Introduction
John Locke?s Philosophy on Government and Property
My Reflections on Locke?s Theory of Government and Property Rights
Locke?s Property Rights Vs. Pursuit of Happiness
From the Paper
"There were also conflicts between Protestants, Anglicans and Catholics. These difficulties eventually led to a civil war in England {1640s}. King Charles I was defeated in the war and there were intellectual debates about what type of government and institutions should be in place. The debates also focused on such other issues as the abolishment of the monarchy, the Anglican Church and the House of Lords. The establishment of Oliver Cromwell?s Protectorate, which ended with Cromwell?s death in 1650, followed this period."
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John Locke, 2005.
This paper discusses John Locke's theory on politics and the establishment of government.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke (1632-1704), English philosopher and social scientist, founded the school of empiricism and applied empirical analysis to ethics, politics and religion, was the guiding light for the founding fathers of the United States during the American Revolution; and his thoughts on politics and government are incorporated in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. The author points out that, in the present day, post-socialist world, Locke's liberalism is more relevant than ever since there is once again a danger in Western societies to move in a direction in which social justice and compassion for the weak, civil liberty and the rights of minorities are being put on the back-burner. The paper relates that Locke's views about politics and the government are still relevant and have stood the test of time three hundred years after his death when several other political theories such as Socialism have fallen by the wayside because of the balance of his ideas.
Table of Contents
Political Theories
Political Liberalism: Refutation of Hobbes
Natural Rights
Social Contract
Nature of Government: Separation of Powers
Views on Tax by the Government
The Right to Revolt
Agreeing with John Locke
From the Paper
"His theory about the establishment of government appeared at a time in Western history when a transition from the standard monarchial form of government to a more representative form of government was taking place. It was a crucial period. If John Locke's liberal ideas about the sovereignty of the people and their right to place their trust in a government for advancing their interests through a 'social contract' (and their right to change it if the trust was breached) had not been put across with the force of empirical logic, there was every chance that authoritarianism would have become the norm in Western societies. In the seventeenth century Europe, it was only John Locke's genius that managed to stop the formidable political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes in its tracks: the philosophy that advocated absolutism and concentration of power, albeit in a group of people (the legislature) rather than in an individual-- the monarch."
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke on modern political philosophy.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the philosophy of Hobbes and Locke, and seek to compare their ideas on modern political philosophy. By understanding human nature, origin of the state, the nature of government, and the right of revolution, we can see how they influence ach other through history.
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John Locke's Philosophy of Government, 2007.
This paper examines the work of several critics in order to analyze the meaning of political power as presented by John Locke in his "The Second Treatise of Civil Government".
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke suggestion, in his "The Second Treatise of Civil Government", that establishing the rule of law without the use of force is not easy; however, Locke's discussion is clouded not only by vagueness but also by the fact that he "says too much". The author stresses that there is evidence that John Locke indeed supported the American colonies' drive for freedom. The paper relates that Locke points out specifically in his "Second Treatise" that taking property without the will and consent of the people is against both natural law and the fiduciary nature of civil authority.
Table of Contents:
The Limits and Functions of Government
Political Power
Hobbes on Sovereignty
Does Locke Trust People Too Much?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In fact, the British had repealed the Stamp Act after the colonies dumped tea in Boston harbor and otherwise rebelled against heavy-handed British rule; the colonies also objected to the very fact that they had come over to the new world seeking both religious freedom and a chance to get a new start economically. And from far away in England, came oppressive rule and taxation "without representation." Locke expressed - in his Letter on Toleration, which was "highly esteemed in New England" and which "the care of souls cannot belong to the civil magistrate," ..."
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Locke's Contribution to Political Ideology, 2002.
This paper looks at John Locke's contribution to early American political theories and his role in formatting ideas for the Declaration of Independence.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
Explores how in the years leading up to the American Revolution,the people of the colonies developed a political ideology that was to be the basis for revolution and for the formation of a new kind of state. This paper looks at the philosophy of John Locke, often referred to as "classical liberalism," which was one of the primary sources on which the American founders drew. It explains that although many sources served their varied purposes, some of the most important and fundamental ideas in the Declaration of Independence are easily traced directly to Locke.
From the Paper
"Locke's influence throughout the eighteenth century touched on a number of topics. For example, his works dealing in whole or in part with education emphasized the idea that the child began as a blank slate and the impressions made on him/her were essential to the formation of mind and character. This meant that "parents were largely responsible for the formation of their children's character"--an idea that became commonplace by the mid-eighteenth century and permanently revolutionized thinking about the basic nature of parenthood and the family (Wood 149). But the most influential aspect of Locke's thought was his political philosophy as embodied in his two treatises on government. The first treatise was largely a refutation of the traditional belief in the divinely sanctioned right of kings. This was an essential step, of course, for any revolution and Locke wrote his treatises "to justify the glorious and bloodless revolution of 1688," saying that he hoped they would serve to "establish the Throne of our Great Restorer, Our present King William--to make good his Title, in the consent of the People'" (quoted in Squadrito 95). The revolution, Locke believed, was a necessary step taken by the people to protect their natural rights and the suggestion that a people could be responsible for their own selection of rulers and that even a monarch could only rule with the consent of the governed was still a hotly contested notion a century later."
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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, 2005.
This paper relates that Thomas Hobbes and John Locke represent opposite ends of the spectrum of seventeenth century political philosophy.
3,050 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Thomas Hobbes, who believed that man was cruel and evil by nature, espoused the idea that only the firm grip of an absolute authority would be successful in governing a society of men; countering this extreme view, John Locke put forth the idea that man was rational and peace-seeking by nature and that any useful system of government must be chosen by men and must serve the best interests of the polity. The author points out that, despite these difference, both philosophers argued their cases within the same terms of debate; both (1) spoke of social contracts and of the nature of man, (2) were concerned with defining the type of government that would be best suited to govern societies, as well as the reasons why man should submit to any form of government at all and (3) were concerned with the ultimate objective of avoiding conflict and violence and thereby assisting their fellow men in the task of peaceful coexistence. The paper summarizes that Hobbes had a dimmer view of mankind than Locke because, in the Hobbesian world, every man is preoccupied with the task of survival and will do anything to meet his goal of self-preservation; whereas, Locke expounds on mankind's virtues and on his innate sense of morality.
From the Paper
"Locke argued a final, crucial point in direct dispute against Hobbes: that man has the natural right to quit government. Locke envisioned Hobbes' ideal of government-by-force as a counterproductive hunting match: "Whereas by supposing they have given up themselves to the absolute arbitrary power and will of a legislator, they have disarmed themselves, and armed him to make a prey of them when he pleases..." Man has thus, in constructing and submitting to an absolute authority, theoretically turned over every one of his natural rights. Where Hobbes wrote that man had a right to quit government only when it was matter of laying down one's life for no just cause, Locke leaves this self-eject option much broader. He even goes so far as to say that when a government begins to fail its people, and undermine its primary intent, the citizens subject to it have not only a right but an obligation to revolt against its power."
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John Locke, 2003.
A discussion on John Locke, his views and contributions to society.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a brief overview of John Locke and his life. It continues to discuss the influences of his views and writings as a philosopher. In conclusion, the paper expands on his political contributions and highlights how his opinions have stood the test of time.
Outline
John Locke: A Brief Biography
The Influences in Locke's Works and How he Fits in his Time
John Locke in the Contemporary Times
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Locke's contribution to his generation and the modern society focused on the role of the government and the people to each other. Despite of the changing course of politics in the seventeenth century, Locke was able to also shift his intellect effectively. The various political situations that happened in his time had been useful to the future generation because from his works, the contemporary times has gained basis and reference for the ideologies they fight for which are related to Locke's philosophies and writings."
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Philosopher John Locke, 2004.
This paper discusses the impact of John Locke's philosophy on the modern-day, North American governments of Canada and the U.S.
2,721 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by exploring John Locke's biography as means of providing a better understanding of why he developed the philosophies that he did. It continues by presenting his philosophies, views on government, obligation of revolution, state of nature, and man's reason for establishing government. Lastly, the paper discusses the influence of John Locke's philosophy on modern North America. Specific examples are drawn out from Canadian and American constitutional documents to show the impact that John Locke has had on North America.
From the Paper
"As long as people have been able to think and reason, all sorts of different ideas, philosophies, theories and arguments have circulated in society. Some have been good and many have been bad and useless. The good ones have remained known and respected in societies throughout generations and have unsurprisingly impacted the way people live and think. The theories of one particular philosopher by the name of John Locke have had an everlasting impact on modern day North American politics and government. This will be proven through the analysis of John Locke's biography, his political theories, and the influence of his philosophy on the nature of the rule of government in the U.S and Canada."
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John Locke, 2007.
This paper discusses the life and views of John Locke, arguably one of the most influential philosophers of all time.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a detailed examination of John Locke from a political sociological viewpoint. The writer examines Locke's position on an individual's place in nature, as well as his ideas concerning the state and the individual and society. The writer points out that Locke believed that people had rights and that if those rights were challenged they had the ability and the right to rise up and dismantle the government that challenged them. Further, the writer notes that Locke felt that human beings had the right to live freely and without fear, if they had ideas that went against the majority of that time. The writer concludes with a discussion about Locke's views and their relevance in today's society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Issues
Place in Nature
Politically Speaking
Today
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"During Locke's lifetime there were several major societal issues that were being dealt with. It was as time of great political unrest and it was a time in which religion played a much more important role in the daily lives of people than it does today.
The religious aspect of life was closely tied to the political outcomes during the era in which Locke lived. The religious leaders were given a significant amount of power in deciding what the laws and rules of the land would be and the King's religious beliefs were those that everyone was expected to believe in and follow.
In addition, science was at a point in society that threatened many of the ideas and beliefs that mankind had held dear for so many years. With the work of Isaac Newton and others beginning to disprove many things that society had readily accepted in the past it was a scary and unsure time for society and the foundation by which it had built itself on.
It was an era in which speaking out against a religious conviction held by the King could get one imprisoned or killed."
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John Locke, 2005.
This paper discusses the life and writings of John Locke, 17th century political philosopher, who had an enormous impact on democratic institutions.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke (1632-1704), who was English, was a scholar at Oxford University, a medical researcher and physician, a political operative, an economist, an ideologue and a philosopher whose thinking and writing still influences the U.S. today. The author points out that the conservative Christian movement's challenge to whether there is a constitutionally established separation between church and state is repelled by Thomas Jefferson's well-known letter of 1802 to the Baptists of Danbury, which describes "the wall of separation between Church and State" based on John Locke's concept of toleration. The paper concludes that some of Locke's more popular, even though not as philosophically profound, quotes are part of every day culture such as "I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts.". Many quotes.
From the Paper
"Locke's writings did not always carry the weight that they do today; indeed, even today, in England, Locke's native land, "...there is no public fanfare...you will find his portrait in the National Portrait Gallery, but demand is insufficient for a postcard to be on sale." But today Locke's writings are used by a diverse assortment of organizations to bolster or justify their positions. The National Rifle Association (NRA) uses the 137th paragraph of Locke's Second Treatise On Government as an authoritative source to bolster the NRA's position on the right to bear arms. "Whereas by supposing they have given up themselves to the absolute arbitrary power and will of a legislator, they have disarmed themselves, and armed him to make a prey of them when he pleases," Locke wrote."
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John Locke and Private Property, 2002.
Examines the views of philosopher John Locke on the subject of property.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
John Locke wrote at a time of social unrest and questioning, at a time when the long-standing sovereignty of kings as ordained by God was being questioned. Locke did not see the power of kings as derived from the will of God but rather as developing as the result of some social condition. The paper shows that Locke asked first what state man would be in if there were no government and he found that human beings originated in the state of nature, the state that existed before human beings came together to form a society and a government. It shows that Locke saw this state of nature as placing the individual into a state of perfect freedom, with no necessity to ask any other person before determining his or her own actions or disposing of their own property. Property was an essential element in Locke's thinking, with the relationship of the individual to his property as being of paramount importance. The paper shows that the ownership of property was seen as a fundamental right, meaning that it was a right born in the state of nature. For Locke, the defense of individual liberty is inseparable from the defense of private property.
From the Paper
"The individual in society does not have absolute freedom, showing that something has been lost from the state of nature. Locke sees human beings as having agreed to give up certain rights and powers through some form of agreement. Society is thus formed when men cede certain powers to a central authority. Private property rights are to be protected by this state that has been created--human beings have given up certain rights in order to assure the protection of their property from the depredations of others. Locke traces the concept of private property from the time when God gave the world to Adam and his posterity. Locke sees political power as being "for the regulating and preserving of property" (Locke 4), among other things."
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John Locke, 2008.
This is a historical study and analysis of John Locke's philosophy towards the American Declaration of Independence and his influence on the American Revolution.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This essay analyzes the importance of John Locke's philosophy on the American Declaration of Independence of 1776. The paper analyzes various segments of Locke's "The Second Treatise of Civil Government," the philosophical influence of the 'government by consent' for American leaders who sought to create a new representational republican government. This paper argues that the basis of Locke's philosophy on governing is readily applicable to the way and manner in which personal liberties took a greater value in early America. By understanding the premise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of individual liberties, Locke's philosophy represents a major influence on how America's revolution created a republican government that denied absolutist governmental institutions within this historical period.
From the Paper
"The ultimate act of revolution must stem from a dissolution of the laws that had once formed the unity of government. Locke also proposed this solution when a government had violated its own laws, especially through the corruption of those that rule or make these laws in association with the people. For the Founding Fathers, the ideology of representational government had become paramount, as they had virtually no rights to legally debate or vote in laws that might be beneficial for them, as well as the British government. They defined these beliefs through Locke's understanding of the inherent right of those being ruled to have a legal representation, even under a monarchy..."
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John Locke.
This paper discusses the literature and the works of philosopher John Locke.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although John Locke is best known today as a philosopher whose thinking and writing had, and continues to have, an enormous impact on democratic institutions, he also was an Oxford University scholar, a medical researcher and physician, a political operative, an economist, and an ideologue. The author points out that Locke's writings did not always carry the weight that they do today; but today, Locke's writings are used by a diverse assortment of organizations, including the National Rifle Association, to bolster or justify their positions. The paper relates that Locke had a marvelous way of putting the human condition into simple yet profound terms; for example, one of his famous quotes is "A sound mind in a sound body is a short but full description of a happy state in this world."
From the Paper
"Locke had seen what happened to society when the powers of the church and of the government were combined: "...churches frequently used the force of the state to promote and enforce their interests and doctrines." This combination of church and state "caused horrendous atrocities against Jews and heretics, as well as the European religious wars between Catholics and Protestants" in the 16th and 17th Centuries, which resulted in millions of deaths. In his writings - which later influenced Jefferson and Madison to add "the right of religious freedom" into the Bill of Rights to the Constitution - Locke agreed that force was sometimes necessary when the state needed to punish a person for violating "any other man's rights.""
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John Locke, 2007.
A discussion of John Locke's philosophy.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines John Locke's philosophy and its impact on the Enlightenment. The author describes how some of Locke's outlooks were considered heresy. His essays and presentations did much to usher in an entirely new way of thinking, and this is why he has been called the father of Enlightenment. The paper includes many quotes by Locke and analyzes two of his treatises. The paper concludes with a biographical background of Locke and how his life may have influenced his philosophy.
From the Paper
" A look at Locke's early life shows why his thinking was so well rounded. He first was trained in an area of study that would have led him to become a 'man of the cloth' but instead of choosing that direction he turned to medicine as a field of study. Eventually he was granted the right to practice medicine, and did so, but also began to study in his quest to become a member of the Royal Society. Much of his training had to do with the manner of mankind's attempts to think from both a spiritual aspect and a physical aspect. His assertions included a mixture of many different areas, including; spiritual, medical, physical as well as external and internal influences on mankind's thinking process and the ideas and knowledge gained by those processes."
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John Locke's "Second Treatise on Government", 2008.
A look at how John Locke expresses his belief in "Second Treatise on Government" that the English did the right thing in replacing the reigning monarch, James II, with William of Orange.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that John Locke wrote the Second Treatise on Government at a difficult time in English history - when the English had just driven out the reigning monarch, James II, replacing him with William of Orange in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The paper further relates that while prominent political theorist decried this as a violation of the divine right to kings, Locke believed that the English had done the right thing and set out to prove this view. The paper then looks at how Locke expresses this belief in his "Second Treatise on Government".
From the Paper
"An individual's body is property belonging only to that individual. Anything that the individual removes from the state of nature by the labor of the individual's own he invests with labor by the very act of removing the thing from the state of nature. In doing so, the individual makes it his own property, appropriating it exclusively to himself. The labor which the individual invests in goods in taking them from the state of nature makes that the individual's property. Whatever he takes out of a natural state is improved by taking it out of the natural state."
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