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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 179.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Jim Crow Laws, 1999.
Examines the history and evolution of the black codes (from the Civil War to the 1990s) designed to keep African-Americans second-class citizens after the emancipation.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The Civil War ended slavery, but it did not give African-Americans equality. Southern whites, upon regaining power in the late 1870s and early 1880s, instituted black codes, also known as "Jim Crow" laws.
From the Paper
"The Civil War ended slavery, but it did not give African-Americans equality. Southern whites, upon regaining power in the late 1870s and early 1880s, instituted black codes, also known as "Jim Crow" laws. Those statutes, coupled with racist terrorism and official indifference (if not hostility), relegated African-Americans to permanent second-class status for decades, until the U.S. Supreme Court began dismantling "Jim Crow" in the 1950s. This paper will analyze the impact and the legacy of Jim Crow laws, from their birth in the 19th century, their death in this century, and their lingering effect as the new millennium dawns.
After the Civil War, Congress passed (and the states ratified) three amendments to the U.S. Constitution: the thirteenth, which ended slavery; the fourteenth, which barred discrimination based on race; and the fifteenth, which ..."
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"In Struggle against Jim Crow" by Merline Pitre, 2003.
This paper reviews Merline Pitre's "In Struggle against Jim Crow: Lulu B. White and the NAACP, 1900-1957" (1999) by discussing the history of Jim Crow laws.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that state laws called Jim Crow laws required or permitted separation of the races and denied the right to votein spite of the Fifteenth Amendment, which was known as ?disfranchisement.? The author emphasizes that Lulu B. White was a female activist, an executive secretary of the Houston branch of the NAACP, and the state director of branches for the NAACP during the mid-20th century, when such activism was frequently met with white violence and retribution. The paper stresses that the life and accomplishments of Lulu B. White provide clear evidence that leaders are not born, but rather are made by the circumstances in which people find themselves.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Author?s Main Thesis
Scope of the Book
Subject
Time Period
Geographical Scope
Critique of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Jim Crow and How it Affected Lula B. White
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The lingering effects of a failed Reconstruction were clearly apparent in this region of the country during this period in America?s history. According to the author, ?During the era of Jim Crow, in certain sections of this region, black males were expected to tip their hats in the presence of whites, even if they were walking on the opposite sides of the street. Well into the 1940s, railroad porters were required to pull down the window shades on the ?colored? side of passenger cards as the train passed through Grand Saline, a community twenty miles east of Elmo, to prevent upstanding white citizens from looking at black faces.? "
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Slavery vs Jim Crow Era, 2005.
This paper looks at the Dred Scott case and Jim Crow laws.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at two different aspects of the evolution of African-American Social/Ethical thought: the Dred Scott decision and reaction to it, and the work of Sojourner Truth on antislavery and women's rights issues.
From the Paper
"The Dred Scott case was one which had a major impact on bringing the nation nearer to war. Mullane Dred Scott was a slave owned by army surgeon Dr John Emerson and accompanied him when he left his Missouri home to spend several years in Illinois and the Louisiana Purchase Territory, now Minnesota. Illinois at the time was a free state under the Northwest Ordinance as was the Louisiana Purchase Territory, but according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise, Missouri was a slave state..."
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"The Strange Career of Jim Crow", 2001.
The paper explains the Jim Crow laws of segregation during the 1800's.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
A review of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow" by C. Vann Woodward. The paper explains the Jim Crow laws of segregation during the 1890's. The author analyzes the race relations of the 1800's and the division that existed in society.
From the Paper
"This book shows us the history of the Jim Crow laws and American race relations in general during the late 1800s up until the 1950s, and how they changed during these periods. Woodward convincingly shows that, even under slavery, the two races had not been divided as they were under the Jim Crow laws of the 1890s. In fact, during Reconstruction, there was considerable economic and political mixing of the races. The segregating of the races was relatively a new concept to the area. The time in our history when laws of segregation arose is referred to as the Jim Crow system and the laws, the Jim Crow laws. Thomas D. Rice wrote a song and dance in 1832 called 'Jim Crow,' and that is where the term originated."
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The Strange Career of Jim Crow, 2003.
A historiographical case study of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow by C. Van Woodward
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
A historiographical case study of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow" by C. Van Woodward. Racial segregation practices in the South. The book's thesis that Jim Crow laws in the South were the result of national notions of white supremacy, and not specifically tied to Southern mores and practices.
From the Paper
The Strange Career of Jim Crow C Van Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow essentially followsthe chronology of racial segregation practices in the southern UnitedStates from the time of slavery through the s Throughout thediscussion Woodward relies
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Jim Crow is Still With Us, 2002.
Discussion on how racial profiling is today's equivalent of slavery in American society.
2,491 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper is a reflection of the story by Richard Wright, "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow," and how racial discrimination, such as Jim Crow laws, still exist. The paper then explores racial profiling and how it exemplifies today's racial discrimination.
From the Paper
"After the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, African Americans seemed hopeful for a more just society filled with opportunities. However, instead, a secondary slavery took over as the Whites, especially of the South, felt the need to create a discriminating distinction between the Whites and Blacks. Jim Crow laws did just that, causing segregation and a feeling of inferiority among Negroes. After reading ?The Ethics of Living Jim Crow? by Richard Wright, a first person narrative about living during the Jim Crow era, I felt the discrimination and obstacles Negroes had to face at that time. Wright describes the laws and regulations that Negroes had to abide by, which seem completely unconstitutional and completely detrimental to a harmonious society. Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional and immoral discrimination; and although proven so and abolished, the Jim Crow mentality is still prevalent today as evidenced by racial profiling."
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Racial Exclusionary Laws, 2008.
An overview of the evolution of the racial exclusion laws.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the evolution of the racial exclusion laws. The paper discusses and explores the Jim Crow laws and the Chinese Exclusion Act and examines their similarities and differences.
Outline:
The Evolution of Exclusionary Laws
My Opinion
From the Paper
" Jim Crow laws were enacted to continue the separate but equal beliefs of the politicians with regard to treatment of African Americans. According to those who supported the Jim Crow laws, as long as there were separate but equal accommodations for Blacks and Whites the constitution was being obeyed. Trains had cars for Whites and different cars for Blacks. There were White water fountains in public buildings and water fountains that only Blacks could use. "
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The History and Development of Race in the United States, 2004.
Comparative analysis of the articles, "Racial Formations", by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, and "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow", by Richard Wright.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the articles, "Racial Formations", by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, and "The Ethics of Living Jim Crow", by Richard Wright. The paper looks at the way one article specifically defines the term "race" and how the other article illustrates the concept of "race" because it relates the actual experiences of the author who is a member of the African-American race. The paper also points out how the articles' authors address the importance of embracing one's racial identity. Furthermore, throughout the paper, aspects where each article echoes the other are highlighted.
From the Paper
"These two pieces relate quite distinctly to one another, and Richard Wright seems to be often echoing the same message as Omi and Winant are writing about. Omi and Winant attempt to define just what "race" is, and mention repeatedly that race, and how it is defined, has "varied tremendously over time and between different societies" (Omi and Winant 13). Wright discusses his own personal experiences, and they quite remarkably echo just what Omi and Winant wrote about so academically. Wright does not have to define race, his entire story is about race, and the constant differences blacks faced in a white society. As he notes early in his account, "It was all right to throw cinders. The greatest harm a cinder could do was leave a bruise. But broken bottles were dangerous; they left you cut, bleeding, and helpless" (Wright 21)."
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Racial Segregation, 2004.
A historical analogy of racial segregation.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how segregation, which was established by the Jim Crow laws of the Civil War period and ended in the 1960s with the Civil Rights Act, saw the public separation of blacks and whites. It looks at how, nearly a century later, the Jim Crow laws of the late 19th century, along with the reversal of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, were re-examined for their constitutionality. In particular, it discusses how two important cases were Plessy vs. Ferguson, which established the legal mode of ?separate but equal?, and Brown vs. Board of Education, which ended racial segregation. It attempts to show how the historical analogy of these two events demonstrates that history helps to define our actions, allowing us to learn from past mistakes and generate new and better ideas for the future.
From the Paper
"The civil rights struggle focused on reversing legal decisions made in the late 1800s, which were also supported for the first half of the 1900s. The eventual provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ending racial segregation was the result of an accumulated effort to organize individuals and groups to resist the acceptance of ?separate but equal.? The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) organized in 1909 with the mission to renew the civil and political liberties of all disadvantaged people, like the blacks who suffered the most under discrimination. The NAACP launched numerous public protests advocating the improved treatment of blacks. As the court cases that led up to legalized segregation established white dominance, the likewise assertion by groups like the NAACP and other civil-minded individuals, whites included, brought new cases to the Supreme Court."
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Racial Prejudice in U.S., 1999.
Examines historical roots & continuing racism in late 20th Century. Examined in terms of the Marxist view, Jim Crow Laws, institutional racism, white power & privilege, stereotypes and economics.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Although black/white race relations have improved dramatically in the past two centuries, racial prejudice remains problematic. To understand this prejudice requires an examination of its historical roots. Racial prejudice results from past and present social practices that shape the perceptions of individuals.
Marxism provides an explanation for the historical persistence of racial prejudice in America. The basis of racial prejudice is power imbalance. Prior to the Civil War, much of the United States was actively involved in the slave trade. Africans were transported to American shores and forced into labor. This unfree labor could only be sustained by the adoption of certain attitudes by whites toward blacks: "It was only after Africans were enslaved that African people were represented in.."
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Race Relations In Chicago and the South, 1999.
Compares changes in the cultural rule systems regulating race relations in Chicago, 1890-1920, and in the South, 1954-1968. Examines ghettoization, the Jim Crow laws, the civil rights movement and socioeconomics.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This essay compares the changes in cultural rule systems regulating race relations in Chicago and the strategies used by white and black groups to alter those relations between 1890 and 1920 and in the American South between 1954 and 1968. In Chicago during this period, a pattern of de facto segregation of and discrimination against the black population was largely in place by 1890. It intensified during the succeeding thirty years, as whites responded hostilely to the growing migration of blacks from the South, especially during the wartime boom of 1915-1918. In contrast, a de jure system of segregation and discrimination had been in place for more than 75 years in the South at the time the civil rights struggles there erupted after 1953.
From the Paper
"CHANGING CULTURAL RULE SYSTEMS AND RACE RELATIONS
This essay compares the changes in cultural rule systems regulating race relations in Chicago and the strategies used by white and black groups to alter those relations between 1890 and 1920 and in the American South between 1954 and 1968. In Chicago during this period, a pattern of de facto segregation of and discrimination against the black population was largely in place by 1890. It intensified during the succeeding thirty years, as whites responded hostilely to the growing migration of blacks from the South, especially during the wartime boom of 1915-1918. In contrast, a de jure system of segregation and discrimination had been in place for more than 75 years in the South at the time the civil rights struggles there erupted after 1953. The strategies employed by blacks in Chicago varied, reflecting ..."
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Henry W. Grady & the New South, 1996.
Role of editor of [Atlanta Constitution] in establishing moderate post-Civil War, post-slavery, segregated, Jim Crow South.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Henry Grady was a proponent of what came to be called the New South Creed, and this movement was strong in the three decades after the Civil War. Its very title shows that it was intended as a contrast to the Old South that had existed before the war, the Old South of myth as well as reality. Henry Grady was the editor of the Atlanta Constitution, and along with other young Southern moderates, he developed a philosophy that was designed to improve the fortunes of the South, to restore its power and prestige, and to expiate some of its guilt over slavery. The creed was also intended to solve the race question so it would never again be the controlling factor in Southern life. The idea of the New South was grandiose and doomed to failure, and it would itself become part of the myth of the South. While the New South movement had as one element the..."
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Ted Hughes?s ?Crow? Poems, 2004.
This paper discusses that Ted Hughes?s "Crow" poems, commencing in the 1960s, use the crow as a metaphor for humanity
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that poets and prophets have traditionally used animal figures to convey criticism of the existing culture, endowing the natural with metaphoric importance. The author points out that Hughes slowly shapes the crow into a sort of prototype for evolved humanity, representing both our worst and best traits. This paper discusses that Hughes?s poems use the crow as a metaphor for humanity. The paper relates that Hughes?s work appears to be that of a human being experiencing the life of a raven-bird; a fallen creature, a trickster, and a graveyard for the bodies of those he eats.
From the Paper
"It is in this poem in particular that one understands how the Crow might be seen as the shadow-self of human kind. He destroys everything around him in an attempt to destroy the ?Black Beast? that the reader at least is becoming aware is the Crow himself. It is quite possible that humanity is the only species, which is its own worst enemy and predator. The greatest threats to humankind come from our own people, as the World Wars would have blatantly shown to Hughes. Repeatedly in the Crow poems, the bird looks at itself and its works in horror and sorrow. One can take examples from ?The Black Beast? in which Crow hunts himself unknowingly in hunting the enemy, or from ?Crow?s Nerve Fails? in which he fully realizes the weight of murders that hang about his shoulders. Yet these are not the only examples."
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Huck Finn and Jim: An Influential Journey, 2006.
An analysis of the relationship between Huck Finn and Jim in Mark Twain's novel "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn".
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theme of moral growth and compassion in Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The paper also deals with human behaviour and moral issues in the book, especially involving racism and slavery. Huck, the central character, is a young, adventurous boy who is not only running away from his drunk, abusive father, but also the structured rules and laws of society and religion that surround him. Jim, another central character in the novel, is a black slave running away from his owners, Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, hoping to find freedom not only for himself, but for his family as well. The paper takes a particular look at the encounter between Huck and Jim, who decide to join forces and keep each other company on their individual journeys. The paper asserts that Jim quickly takes on the role as Huck's surrogate father. It concludes that, although Huck grew up without a strong father figure in his life, the influential relationship with Jim and their journey together allows him to change his perspective on life and develop into a strong, moral human being.
From the Paper
"Even though Huck does not do what society expects of him, the burden of his choice no longer weighs heavily on him and results in a sense of ease and peace. Huck says, "what's the use you learning to do right, when it's troublesome to do right and ain't no trouble to do wrong, and the wages is just the same?...I reckoned I wouldn't bother no more about it, but after this always do whichever come handiest at the time" (1308). Huck is willing to go to hell, for his decision to protect Jim. They both feel at home on the raft together and enjoy each other's company. Huck states, "other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft don't. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft" (1324). As time passes and their journey towards freedom continues, he realizes that Jim is a good man who is not only devoted to Huck, but his family as well. Jim's goal is to be free man, so that he can then work in order to free his family from slavery as well. Huck knows that Jim misses his family terribly when he says to himself, "I waked up, just as day-break, he was setting there with his head down betwixt his knees, moaning and mourning to himself...He was thinking about his wife and his children, away up yonder, and he was low and homesick" (1348). Although Huck has grown up an orphan, it is Jim's love for his own family that influences Huck and develops him into a stronger, loving, and moral human being. Huck learns that a black man has the same loving bond with their families, just like white people do. He says, "I do believe he cared just as much for his people as white folks does for their'n. It don't seem natural, but I reckon it's so...He was a mighty good nigger, Jim was" (1348). It is in making this observation that Huck realizes that black people aren't just possessions or property, they are human beings with feelings, emotions and family bonds; which makes his decision to help Jim find freedom all the more feasible."
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