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The Jewish Ghetto, 2006.
A review of various works regarding the Jewish ghetto experience.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of Jewish history by reviewing various literary sources. The paper focuses primarily on what these selections can teach us about the Jewish experience in the ghetto and each authors' understanding of what was happening. The paper discusses how nothing can quite prepare the reader for the impact of these wartime diaries smuggled out of the European Jewish ghettos. The agony is real and the suffering seems endless for these persecuted peoples.
From the Paper
"The most interesting aspect of this seeming world indifference is the reaction by Randolph Churchill, who did hope to arm the Jews and aid in their escape. However, the program was doomed from the beginning, when the number of parachutists recruited to parachute into Europe and organize resistance dropped from 100 or more to only thirty-two, which was not enough to escape and make a difference. All but one were caught and shot. About 2 to 3,000 Jews did manage to escape as a result of the attempt, but this was the epitome of Jewish resistance, and it certainly was not much to look back on (Sachar 553-554). "
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The Jewish Ghettos of Italy, 2005.
This paper compares the two Jewish ghettos in Italy; the ghetto of Rome and of Venice.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the treatment of Jews in Rome and Venice following the ascension of the Christian Church of Rome to civil territorial power, namely, the papal decrees.
From the Paper
"The Jewish people have had a long, troubled, yet undeniably rich history in Europe. History finds Jews in the cities of Venice and Rome in particular, as early as the second century BC or CE. As a result, there can be no question that Jews have made many contributions to European history. This paper, however, examines the treatment of Jews in Rome and Venice following the ascension to civil territorial power of the Christian Church of Rome."
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Louis Wirth's "The Ghetto", 2006.
This paper analyzes Louis Wirth's "The Ghetto", a classic sociological study written in 1928 about the Jewish ghetto.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Louis Wirth, in his book "The Ghetto", studies the Jewish ghetto throughout history in different countries and cities, especially Frankfort, Germany, and the Chicago ghetto of the 1920s. The author points out that Wirth's examination of the ghetto in Chicago suggests that this ghetto was more a matter of economics because the rents were the lowest in the ghetto area as compared to other areas. The paper relates that, although this sociological study is in some ways outdated because it was written before the Holocaust and the creation of the State of Israel, the book remains valuable because it reveals the history and form of the Jewish ghetto, which is applicable to other similar ethnic communities, and a technique for studying present day ghettos.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ghetto
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Wirth also makes it seem that the changing of laws that allowed the Jews to leave the ghetto would have had a different effect in a different type of community, though in truth, it is not surprising that many of the Jews remained in the communities they knew and had built over a long period of time rather than exit to seek an unknown existence in the larger society. This attitude is reminiscent of that expressed by many blacks in the 1960s when it was made to seem that black children would be able to learn and adapt more readily if they were seated next to white children in school."
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Judenrat, 2001.
Examines complex issue of Jewish complicity in carrying out Nazi policies in Eastern Europe. Administration of Jewish life in ghettos & role of Jewish Councils (the Judenrat) in carrying out anti-Jewish policy. Lodz ghetto & Rumkowski.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" On October 23, 1941, S.S. head Heinrich Himmler issued an order down the Nazi chain of command which heralded a major change in Nazi policy with respect to the "Jewish problem." Until then, the Nazis worked vigorously to encourage Jews to emigrate. The Madagascar Plan was one example of strategies which were formulated to remove Jews from Germany and its occupied lands. As is described in more detail later, many countries refused to accept Jewish refugees (Landau, 145-47). This shift in policy resulted in the deportation of Jews to camps and ghettos in the East. The policy to "resettle" Jews to these ghettos and camps was a significant step in what was to become the decision which heralded a major change in Nazi policy.."
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?Mila 18?, 2002.
A review of the novel ?Mila 18? by Leon Uris, a fictionalized account of the 1943 Warsaw uprising in the Jewish Ghetto.
1,657 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the novel "Mila 18" by Leon Uris which depicts the struggles of the Jewish residents of the Warsaw Ghetto, who in an effort to counter continued deportations to death camps, rose up against their German occupiers. It gives a brief biography of the life of the author and the research undertaken for the book. It provides a synopsis of the plot, an analysis of the protagonist Andrei and a comparison of the fiction in the book to real life fact. It concludes with various critiqes of the book by the media.
From the Paper
"The main characters of Mila 18 (the address for one of the resistance fighters) are Jewish residents of Warsaw, Poland, a city with the largest Jewish community in Europe (300,000 estimate). The book starts just before the invasion of Poland and the characters, mostly well-educated individuals, agonize over the events going on in Germany and the likelihood of war. The war started September 1, 1939 and Poland capitulated for all practical purposes before the month was over. The persecution of Poland?s Jews began immediately. Even before the fighting had ceased SS Commanders were told to confine all of Poland?s Jews to special areas."
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Elimination of Ghettos, 2002.
A look at the process undertaken by the Nazi's in the Holocaust of emptying the ghettos of people.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the process of elimination the Jewish ghettos in World War Two Europe. It explains the "logic" behind the concept of the ghetto and how they finally became unmanageable. The writer looks at how the elimination of the ghetto Jews fit into the overall aim of the Nazis to wipe out the entire Jewish population of Europe. Ghettos mentioned are Lodz and Warsaw. It shows how they were sent to concentration camps and finally to their death.
From the Paper
"In 1939, a decree was issued by the Chief of the German Security Police, which outlined certain procedures for the treatment of all Jews in the German occupied territories. Through this decree, all the Jews were to be isolated, identified, and contained in ghettos, primarily to be used as slave labor, but with the ulterior motive of their mass execution. Hence, a pre-planned and systematic strategy was adopted by Hitler's regime, which not only identified and segregated all the Jews, but their property and the German State seized assets. Since most of the Jews populated the rural country-side, they were systematically brought to the cities to live in these newly created ghettos. These ghettos were usually cut off from their surroundings by barbed wires or high walls with mounted guards. These ghettos eventually became overcrowded, and lacking the basic facilities of water, sanitation, fuel, and constant threat of epidemics, the Jewish population began to suffer from a high mortality rate within the walls of their new surroundings."
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Jewish Identity, 2007.
An overview of Jewish identity that shows how Jewish identity has changed over the years and identifies the forces responsible for this.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the general concept of identity and then examines Jewish identity in particular. The paper relates that Jews had always regarded themselves as God's "chosen people" while the negative Jewish identity of a "treacherous," "vile" and "wrong headed" people was created during the rise of Christianity. The paper looks at Jewish identity in the Middle Ages and notes the better treatment under Muslims than under the Christians. The paper discusses Jewish identity in modern times and identifies enlightenment, anti-Semitism and Zionism as the most influential forces on modern Jewish identity.
Outline:
The Concept of Identity
Jewish Identity: An Overview
From the Paper
"The question of Jewish identity, or the way in which Jews perceive themselves and how others view them, has not been easy to answer for most parts of Jewish history. This is mainly because Jews are not easily categorized. They are not a race as they do not share a common ancestry and people of different races have become Jews over the years. They are neither a nationality, having been dispersed throughout the world for over two thousand years. Even as a religion, Judaism is not a pure religious faith like Christianity or Islam, since it has an ethnic dimension and it does not easily assimilate outsiders."
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Jewish Philosopher Baruch Spinoza, 2005.
This paper discusses Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza, a controversial figure in the history of Jewish thought, who was not a rabbi.
2,615 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Baruch Spinoza, the first Jewish pantheist, rejected the monopoly held by the clergy over the political power in the Jewish community, was a champion of intellectual freedom and had followers including members of the Islamic community. The author points out that Spinoza was one of the first philosophers to marry Jewish thought with the emerging ideas of the Enlightenment and was more receptive to contemporary Western thought than any Jewish philosopher since Maimonides. The paper relates that Spinoza went to Constantinople, where Jews were emancipated; the community in Constantinople contributed to Spinoza's ideas of intellectual freedom and, in 1664, Spinoza published the "Treatise on God, Man and his Well-Being" marrying Jewish scripture to contemporary philosophy.
From the Paper
"However controversial, Spinoza's viewpoint on God was not unprecedented. Spinoza's version of God was firmly planted in Mediaeval Jewish mysticism, which was closely allied to the Neo-Platonic philosophical tradition of Late Antiquity, as it had been developed during the 9th Century intellectual development of Islam. "The fundamental thing to keep in mind when thinking about Spinoza is one simple, striking, and paradoxical proposition: God is the only thing that exists." The idea is not that God is everything, but that nothing can exist independently from God. While reductionists may want to claim Spinoza as their own, Spinoza envisioned a thinking God. In addition, "although Spinoza was condemned by his community for the heresy of saying that God has a body," he actually believed that God was much more than a body."
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Health Issues in the Jewish Faith, 2002.
Discusses the need for nurses to improve their understanding of the Jewish faith in order to better care for their Jewish patients.
1,513 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of health issues in the Jewish faith. The paper outlines many of the beliefs of the Jewish culture and how these beliefs can affect the care of a Jewish patient. The paper then explains how nurses can comply with the beliefs of the Jewish patient in their care.
From the Paper
"America has always prided itself on its cultural diversity. Millions of immigrants each year flock to its borders for the purpose of living in a land where all cultures are embraced. While America works hard to embrace the diverse traditions of its residents there are areas in which the differences can create complications. One of those areas is the health care field. In the field of health care nurses are charged with the care and advocacy of their patients and the patients? families. Within that scope it is important for the nurses to understand and work with the different cultures they may encounter. The Jewish culture is a unique one in the field of medicine as there are a disproportionate number of Jewish doctors in the field when compared to other cultures (The Healers..http://www.geocities.com/buddychai/Religion/TheHealers.html), but that does not carry into the nursing field. "
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Modern Jewish History, 2002.
Examines Jewish history with an emphasis on the Holocaust and the Haskalah, the Jewish enlightenment.
1,269 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In modern times, the transformation of both the religious and traditional aspects of Judaism from traditional beliefs and customs led directly to the formation of a Jewish homeland. This essay traces the causes and effects of both the Haskalah or Jewish Enlightenment and the Holocaust, the two most important events in contemporary Jewish history. Special attention is given to their contribution to the Zionist effort to establish the state of Israel.
From the Paper
"As the power of host states began to rise, Jewish autonomy decreased, and with it, the authority of the traditional Jewish leaders, the rabbis, also decreased. In their place, maskilim gained power, promoting the rational thinking inherent in the general European Enlightenment. The most famous maskil, Moses Mendelssohn, advocated reforms in
which the Jews would be able to socially and culturally integrate into their host societies (Finder Sept. 12, 2002). This was to be accomplished largely through reformed education in which secular subjects were added to the more traditional religious subjects (Sorkin 53). The learning of vernacular languages, adoption of local manners, and reformation of economic behavior were also goals of the Haskalah. The ultimate goal of the Haskalah was to achieve full citizenship for Jews by convincing the surrounding gentile, or non-Jewish, population of the equality of their Jewish neighbors (Sorkin 5). This process was unsystematic and often required changes to Jewish traditions."
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?The Jewish War?, 2004.
Discusses Jewish society as described by ancient Roman writer, Josephus, in his work, "The Jewish War".
1,073 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
At first glance, Josephus?s work, "The Jewish War", might simply appear to be a documentation of Jews? desire for liberation from oppressive Roman rule in the areas they inhabited. This paper shows, however, that upon further examination, it becomes apparent that Josephus is detailing myriad problems within Jewish society. Although their objections to Roman leadership added fuel to the flames, the rebellion stemmed from dissension within the Jewish race. The paper shows that the Judean community became divided into a number of opposing factions, and the issues upon which these groups separated themselves were not only religiously based, but also quite frequently related to differences in social class. The paper argues that these divisions may have come to a climax during the Jews? revolt against the Romans, but the seeds were sown much earlier; the Judean community was divided before it was brought under direct Roman rule.
From the Paper
"Upper class Jews, also mostly Roman citizens, were not interested in protesting taxation; they simply wanted to maintain peace. If the Romans were willing to uphold their religious beliefs and maintain the structures within Judea, why hold ill regard for them? But for the lower class Jews, with smaller incomes and large debts, confronting the issue of taxation presented them with an opportunity to renew their struggle for power and recognition over their prosperous neighbors. ?Every scoundrel, surrounded by his own gang, stood out from his followers like a bandit chief or dictator and used his henchmen to rob respectable citizens. In short, free speech was completely suppressed and tyranny reigned everywhere?."
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"Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America", 2002.
A review of Hasia R. Diner's book, "Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America", focusing on post-holocaust Jewish life in America.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper illustrates the role played by the Lower East Side in the development of Jewish culture in the United States. The paper presents the key element in Diner?s argument that the Lower East Side neighborhood represents every aspect of the Jewish experience in America. The paper discusses how the Lower East Side neighborhood emerged as the emblem of American Jewish history and became the vehicle through which American Jews presented themselves
From the Paper
"Diner used a wide variety sources and evidence to support her argument. ?Images of the Lower East Side circulated across New York and around America through words and pictures (157)?. She presents many types of literature for support. Books, poems, newspapers, and magazines, even if the geographic focus was not New York City, still referenced streets or sections of the Lower East Side. ?In representations of Jews in America, the Lower East Side served as the standard of Jewish measurement. A 1980s ?docudrama? about a young Jewish peddler who learned about America and about himself while on the road bore the title West of Hester Street, obviously a big swath of geography (33).? "
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Protecting Animals: System of Duties Built on Jewish Law, 2005.
An in-depth paper which calls on the Jewish religion to stop focusing on animal rights and to start focusing on human duties and obligations towards animals.
8,160 words (approx. 32.6 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an alternative to fighting for animal rights, and instead advocates for a system of human duties and obligations based on Jewish Law. The paper analyzes the way Jewish law views cruelty to animals, the environment, and the obligation to take care of one's health. Jewish Law lays out a system of positive obligations that Man has towards animals, the environment, and his own health.
I. Introduction
II. Jewish Law and the Environment
A. The World and All in It Belongs To G-d and Man Is Responsible For Preserving It All
B. Animals Are Important to G-d
C. Bal Tashchit - The Prohibition on Wanton Destruction
D. Environmental Effects of Producing So Much Meat
III. Animals in Jewish Law
A. Animals as Property
B. Tza'ar Ba'aley Chayim and Positive Acts of Kindness
IV. Jewish Law and Health
A. The Importance of Maintaining Health in Jewish Law
B. Health and Vegetarianism
V. The Misunderstanding of the Importance Of Meat In Judaism
VI. Rabbis and Vegetarianism
VII. A Modern System of Duties and Obligations
A. Eating Meat and Dairy Products
B. Hunting, Trapping, and Furs
C. Animals in Entertainment
D. Animal Experimentation
E. Wildlife Conservation
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper
"We often talk about protecting animals and giving them their rights. Animal rights' activists argue about which rights are due to animals and which rights to animals are due to human beings. I argue that this dialogue is unhelpful to animals, just as it is unhelpful to human beings. Rather than argue about rights, I contend that we should construct a system of duties and obligations under which human beings will have varied responsibilities towards animals. Such a system already exists under Jewish law, a system devoid of human rights and animal rights, but rich with human responsibility and obligations towards mankind, animals, and the environment."
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Ethnicity in Modern Jewish Art, 2002.
An exploration of 20th century Jewish art.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper studies 20th century Jewish art, focusing on signs of ethnicity. Works are analyzed for evidence of explicit ethnicity and references to 20th century Jewish history. The paper looks at the work of Moritz Oppenheim, the works of European Jewish artists, Max Beckmann?s picture entitled ?The Synagogue? and Israeli art. It also touches on Jewish theatre and folk stories and explores Jewish ethnicity in U.S. artists. It concludes with a summary of the transformation of Jewish art over the 20th century.
From the Paper
"The process of acknowledging, gathering, reviewing, researching, and elucidating Jewish art, was initiated around a hundred years ago, as it continues to date. The basic purpose behind studying the Jewish Art was to safeguard the ethnic legacy of the nation, and to sustain a promising resource for the revitalization of Jewish lifestyle. Be it in the customary, ceremonial, or conventional perspective, the Jewish art history is noteworthy to understand the future of Jewish works of art."
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Jewish Persecution during the First Crusade, 2001.
The paper offers an analysis of three primary resources. The three Jewish Chronicles recount the persecution of German Jewish communities during the First Crusade.
628 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, $ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Jews' behavior during the Crusades as seen through their own actual writings. Quotes are given and numerous examples of how the Jews reacted to the crusading Christians are provided.
From the Paper
"The three chronicles in this book are of historic value because they represent some of the few existing primary sources regarding the events of the first and second Crusades. More importantly, it is a rare occurrence that the victims of war would chronicle the events. Generally, accounts are relayed by the victors, those who feel that their acts of bravery and heroics should be recorded for posterity. Unfortunately, victors and victims alike suffer a great temptation to embellish written accounts to sway public opinion in their favor. This type of sympathy bias, coupled with a strong religious bias is easily discernable throughout the text."
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