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Japanese Medieval Culture and Women, 2005.
Three essays on different aspects of medieval Japanese culture and the subjugation of women.
2,760 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three essays on different aspects of medieval Japanese culture that use legends to subjugate women - the blood pool hell to which all women are damned by virtue of their biology, the Five Obstructions which are the five states of enlightenment which women cannot achieve after death because of the inferiority of their gender, and the use of images of women being transformed into snakes and dragons to tell stories about women's threats to men.
From the Paper
"This paper considers the positive and negative effects of Buddhism for women in the medieval and early Edo periods through the introduction oft he apocryphal text known as the Blood Pool Hell Sutra. The rise of popularity of the sutra was connected to ..."
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Early Medieval Culture, 2004.
An analysis of early medieval culture through a review of "The Rule of Benedict" by Saint Benedict, "The History of the Franks" by Gregory, and "On the True Doctrine" by Celsus.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, during the early medieval period in Europe ranging between more or less 300AD and 600AD, three traditions were prevalent, each exerting its influence in the culture of the time. It looks at how the Roman culture, although still very influential in Europe at the time, was fast losing its power as Rome deteriorated and how other influences, such as the invading Germanic forces, were joining the Roman culture in Europe. It shows how, most notably, Christianity and its Church was a fast-growing and increasingly powerful force during these times. It analyzes the extent of each influence by examining "The Rule of Benedict" by Saint Benedict, "The History of the Franks" by Gregory, and "On the True Doctrine", by Celsus, as representative of the early medieval culture and its frequently opposing influential forces.
Outline
The Christian Culture
The Roman Tradition
The Germanic Tradition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The History of the Franks by Gregory on the other hand, demonstrates a more na?ve view of Christianity. Its focus, insofar as it is influenced by the Christian tradition, is on the supernatural aspect. Gregory for example relates several stories with St. Martin and his religious power as the central character. This saint, a former Roman soldier, worked among the rural population of Gaul and won many superstitious hearts for the Christian cause. Gregory, growing up in an environment filled with such influences, inherited this superstitious character from his parents and his social setting. This manifests itself in the trust Gregory placed in religious relics and their power to protect him."
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"Medieval Women" by Eileen Power, 2001.
This paper reviews the book, "Medieval Women" by Eileen Power, which pieces together the often-fragmented histories of medieval women using a variety of primary sources.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, according to Eileen Power in ?Medieval Women?, early social notions regarding the nature of women and their role in society were created by the two most powerful classes of the age, the Church and the aristocracy, and only later were modified slightly by the urban middle class, which rose to prominence in the later Middle Ages. The author points out that, in the area of home and marriage, Power uses letters, wills, and household inventories to support her depiction of women. The paper relates that, because the proportion of women to men was greater within the noble ranks, many women were unable to wed; therefore, for them, monasticism was the only alternative to marriage.
From the Paper
"A considerable portion of the book is spent discussing various facets of the medieval lady?s life and when the bourgeois and peasants are discussed she often presents them in contrast to the noble woman. Many accounts of medieval women nobility often present only one view of their experience, depicting either a fanciful and luxurious life or the bleakness of being regarded as chattel. Fortunately Power draws from the writings of Christine De Pisan, one of the rare women of the Middle Ages to earn a living solely through her writing, to address the way in which the romanticized chivalry of the age overshadows the reality of their existence."
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A Study on Japanese Women and Breast Cancer, 2007.
An extensive study on the causes of cancer in Japanese and Japanese-American women.
3,447 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 22 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper documents a study that has been conducted for the purpose of understanding why the rates of breast cancer differ between Japanese women living in the United States compared to those living in Japan. The examination of risk factors associated with the rapid fluctuation of breast cancer incidence rates in Japanese women in the United States and those in Japan may help to explain differences. The paper offers methodology, data collection and analysis. It also gives a clear conclusion of the findings of the research and recommendations for further research on this topic.
Table of Contents:
Purpose of the study
Methodology
Theoretical Framework
Limitations
Data Collection and Analysis
Quantative Analysis
Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Findings
Recommendations of the Study
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Meta-analysis begins with estimation of the success rates of treatment and control arms of multiple separate trials through use of a separate 2 X 2 table for each trial. At the point in time that the researcher is convinced that the trials are "sufficiently uniform in design and methods that pooling their results makes clinical sense, a statistical test for homogeneity is used to help decide whether pooling results makes statistical sense." (Gilbert, 2005) After having made the decision that the "studies are sufficiently homogeneous to be combinable, the effect measure has been chosen, and a fixed- or random-effects technique is adopted, the calculations required to perform a meta-analysis are quite simple, usually through use of statistical software."
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Japanese American Women, 2002.
A study of Japanese American women at the beginning of Japanese immigration to the U.S.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explores immigration and new life in America for Japanese American women during the earliest years of Japanese immigration. Issues studied are the family, and attitudes of and effects on the women.
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The Identity of Japanese Women, 2002.
An in-depth examination of the changes in the identity of Japanese women.
6,158 words (approx. 24.6 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the changes that Japanese women have undergone with respect to their identity. It focuses on the changes since the mid - 20th century. It links the historical changes in Japanese society over the past 150 years with the changes in their women's identity and also looks at social, political, economic and environmental factors that have influenced the identity of Japanese women.
From the Paper
"Before 1868, especially under the Tokugawa Shogunate government, Japanese women had no legal personality. They could not own property and were in fact the property of men who could do with them virtually anything they fancied. At that time, they could read and write only hiragana, but business, political and literary materials were written in the more formal kanji which prevented them from sharing the more fulfilling and dignified world of men."
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Women in Medieval Times, 2004.
An exploration of the general identity of women in medieval times.
2,473 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at women in medieval times and investigates the situations and cultural influences that paved the way toward change. It focuses on Frankish and Anglo-Saxon societies in the early Middle Ages in which women of that period were first distinguished in society because of their birth. It analyzes the lives of women born in the royal families and in the upper classes compared to the lives of the lower-class women. It examines how marriage was also a factor of division among medieval women and, in particular, looks at queens, wives, widows, concubines, and nuns.
Outline
Introduction
Women?s Lives
The Upper Classes
Monastic Life
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The family structure in the early Middle Ages was patriarchal. Women had rights as a person, who distinguished them from slaves, but they were not allowed to appear in political formality, such as in front of a judge in order to defend those rights. Women could not administrate directly their patrimony, and laws about heredity were not favorable to them. Women belong to their parents while they were maturing and to their husbands after they were married. According to Germanic laws, marriage was most often arranged between the woman?s tutor and her future husband who gave on that occasion a bride gift. From the basis of Germanic law, a marriage which followed this formula was the only one to be completely valid in Germanic society."
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Medieval Aristocratic Women, 2004.
This paper offers a discussion of women's roles in the medieval period.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer studies the roles of women during the medieval period. The writer focuses on aristocratic women of the medieval period. In researching this background, the writer explores the social history and development leading to the feminist tradition. The writer examines the roots of the feminist tradition in the Western culture.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the roots of the anti-feminist tradition in Western culture with reference to the position of aristocratic women in society in the medieval period. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historiographical background against which this issue can be investigated and then to discuss possible lines of social development that can help explain the evidence of the distinction to be made between the medieval women, who as a group appear to have exercised a significant degree of personal ... "
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American-Japanese Women, 2004.
An examination of the life of Japanese women, before, during, and after their internment in the American internment camps that were established during World War II.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Japanese women came to America from their homeland and how, instead of starting anew, they simply brought the repressive culture with them. It looks at how, during the time they were in camps, they were forced to let go of tradition in many areas of life and how they found they had the ability and strength to make decisions, survive, and handle adversity. It also examines how, once they were out of the camps, they still faced attitude problems from those who blamed the residents for the Pearl Harbor attack. It shows how the camps were an atrocity and unfair to all who were forced into them and how, for Japanese women, they did help break a multi-generational pattern of self-doubt.
From the Paper
"While the women were in the camps their treatment was a catalyst for their future. Women were ripped away from everything and everyone they had depended on before the camps were constructed. Their husbands were often sent to far away places, and if the females had married Americans then their husbands were not interned, but the women were. They were ripped away from their children many times as well. With very little notice, everything that they nurtured and lived for each day was suddenly gone. Their existence was stripped from them and once they were placed in the camps they were forced to re-invent and identify their existence."
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Women in Early Medieval Society, 2006.
This paper looks at how, during the early medieval period, women had few opportunities to advance in society due to the strict rules that governed them.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although there were a few women who were writers, artists, religious leaders and even saints, the vast majority of women during the medieval period, whether they were upper class, merchant class or peasants, were expected to perform domestic functions with their chief duty being reproduction and the care of children. The author stresses that one of the key problems women faced in any situation was simply the belief of their inferiority derived from a strict adherence to religion in which women were overtly blamed for Eve's sin. The paper relates that the restrictions, which kept aristocratic women on their estates and merchant women in their shops, did not apply to peasant women who enjoyed greater freedom of movement; however, peasant women did not have real rights or opportunities to improve their status in any way because they were limited by a lack of education, which would have been deemed unnecessary, and a lack of money.
From the Paper
"One of the key problems with evaluating women's position in medieval society is simply a lack of available information. Very little has survived in written form from the period and what does exist does not mention women very frequently. The job of the scholar is to read what little material is available and read and study between the lines of written documents and artistic renderings of the period to determine exactly what role women were playing in the society. Women had no independence of thought or idea, but once married or connected to a religious order, they could hold quasi-positions of leadership."
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Women in Medieval Europe, 2004.
A look at the difficulties of finding reliable historical information about the lives of women in medieval Europe.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
A discussion of the lack of source material available when exploring the lives of women in medieval Europe. It focuses on the book by Emilie Amt, "Women?s Lives in Medieval Europe". It explains that most of the material available was written from a male perspective and that a true history of these women's lives is hard to come by.
From the Paper
"Out of necessity, history or an ?aggregate of past events,? must be built primarily on written materials. Oral histories and storytelling can provide input on a specific period of time. Yet, one can only assume that that the facts are altered through the generations from one tale relating to another. Of course, no one can assume that everything or even almost everything that is written is true. Just look at the variety of materials on the Internet to clarify that! However, some written materials are accurate, or nearly so, and give historians a place to start."
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Women in Medieval English Literature, 2002.
An exploration of the role of women in medieval English literature through the examination of different works such as "Beowulf", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" and many other religious and secular lyrics.
1,927 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to recognize the modern vision of an ?empowered woman? in medieval English literature since numerous female characters, both religious and secular, demonstrate a power far beyond the traditional sphere of the subservient woman. Examples of such women are the Virgin Mary who appears in many works and the female characters in "Beowulf".
From the Paper
"The medieval romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight also presents the Virgin Mary as a key figure, able to influence men for the better by personifying Christian values, ?representing spiritual love, chastity, obedience and life?(Arkin). At his moment of testing, Gawain draws strength from the image of the Virgin Mary etched on his shield. Mary?s symbolic power, here, is as important as her power to act ? merely seeing her face is a reminder of the courtly ideal. The effects of Mary on medieval literature, as intermediary, voluntary mother, and representative of Christianity, should not be underestimated."
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The Japanese Comfort Women, 2002.
A look at the slavery of Japanese women in WWII.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the "comfort women" -- the victims of the Japanese government's compulsory prostitution program during the Second World War. These victims of sexual slavery are still to receive recognition. The essay shows how the Japanese government's refusal to compensate any of the surviving women reflects the government's misogynist attitude in general.
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Women in Medieval European Society, 2004.
An analysis of women in medieval European society.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a balanced representation of the position of women in medieval society. The paper analyzes the three classes of women, as throughout history, class has been the determinant factor contributing to social place, responsibility, and opportunity. Women of the nobility, middle-class, and peasant status are discussed with regard to their position in society. The status of women in these three classes is explored in accordance with legal, as well as customary, tradition in an attempt to reduce generalizations and falsehoods.
From the Paper
"Within our society there is a fascination with the special position of women in nearly every period of history. Perhaps this fascination with the past is rooted in our constant hope to prove social progress. "Social history aids in understanding women's condition in any age; it is particularly essential for comprehending women in the Middle Ages, an era remote enough from our own so that common social presumptions do not pertain." The danger then becomes a tendency to generalize a condition that is somehow much worse than our present social position. The necessity of the historian is to offer a responsible representation of history. Women throughout history have been dominated by the customs of their status and also the legality of there state. Yet, it remains to be proven, without contention that the real lives of women were better of worse, at any given period in history, unless the template for such judgment is based upon modern idealistic ideas of social reform and civil liberties."
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Japanese Culture and Women, 2005.
Shows how Terry Kawashima argues that women in medieval Japan were marginalized by men in power.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Terry Kawashima's argument that women in medieval Japan were marginalized by the Buddhist monks and men in power. It uses the example of poet Ono no Komachi and the changing views of her story to compare and contrast this theory with 3 other slightly different ideas.
From the Paper
"This paper outlines Terry Kawashima's theory of discursive marginalization of women with regard to the female poet Ono no Komachi. It compares her argument with the ways that Sarah M Strong B Faure and Michael Marra explicate the relationship of the ..."
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