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Japan's ?Comfort Women?.
This paper argues the need for Japan to assume responsibility, both morally and legally, for the use of the ?comfort women?, sex slaves in a systematic, planned system ordered and executed by the Japanese government during World War II.
2,020 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, until recently, the Japanese government has been able to deny responsibility for the part it played in the atrocities committed against the 'comfort women'. This denial of responsibility has had a huge impact, not only on the victims, but also on the collective community of Japan. The author points out that the Japanese government denied its responsibility for playing any part in the organized sex slavery. However, in the early 1990s, with the first lawsuit filed against the Japanese government and the surfacing of documents that directly implicated military officials in the organized prostitution of comfort women, the Japanese government had no choice but to take a new stance on the previous denial of responsibility for these crimes, recognize the moral responsibility for these crimes, and apologize for them. The paper stresses that legal responsibility is also necessary because Japan has made no reparations to the victims, no acknowledgment of legal liability, and has undertaken no prosecutions against the war criminals who committed these crimes.
From the Paper
"The term ?comfort women? was the official name given by the Japanese Imperial Army to the military?s organization of forced prostitution across the Japanese Empire from 1931 to 1945. An estimated 200,000 women were recruited by force, coercion, or deception into sexual slavery by the Japanese Imperial Army in order to satisfy their sexual needs during the period of World War II. Women were taken from their homes in Korea, China, the Dutch East Indies, Taiwan, Malaysia, Burma and the Philippines and were sent to locations throughout Japanese occupied Asia where they were imprisoned in facilities know as ?comfort houses?. In these 'comfort houses', they were raped daily by soldiers, forced to endure torture and abuse and even murdered. By the end of the war approximately 25% of these women had died. Those who did survive were scarred both physically and psychologically for life."
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Japanese Comfort Women, 2002.
A study on foreign "comfort women" for the Japanese soldiers during World War II.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the suffering of tens of thousands of female sex slaves who were forced to deliver sexual services to Japanese soldiers, both before and during World War II. It details the premeditated systematic plan originated and implemented by the government of Japan to enslave women considered inferior and subject them to repeated mass rapes.
From the Paper
"It is estimated that between one and two hundred thousand female sex slaves were forced to deliver sexual services to Japanese soldiers, both before and during World War II. These women were known as comfort women and the Imperial Conference, which was composed of the emperor, representatives from the armed forces and the main Cabinet ministers, approved their use by Japanese soldiers. (Walkom)"
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The Comfort Women of World War II, 2003.
An examination of the military sexual enslavement of thousands of women by the Japanese in WW2 and their claims to justice under international law.
6,643 words (approx. 26.6 pages), 64 sources, APA, $ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the experience of the women enslaved by the Japanese as sex slaves during the Second World War - they were known as the Comfort Women. The paper begins with a background and explanation of how the system came about, as an instance of state-controlled criminal activity involving the sexual exploitation of women. The paper then explores who these women were and what experiences they were forced into.
From the Paper
"The term ?comfort women? is a translation of the Japanese word jugun ianfu, which stands for enforced military sex slaves for the Japanese Imperial Army during World War Two. It describes a system of military rape, unprecedented in history, which goes unpunished today. Through highlighting the ingrained patriarchal and racist nature of the comfort women system, this essay will attempt to expose the responsibility not just of Japan, but of the international community, for the unbroken suffering of the comfort women."
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The Japanese Comfort Women, 2002.
A look at the slavery of Japanese women in WWII.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of the "comfort women" -- the victims of the Japanese government's compulsory prostitution program during the Second World War. These victims of sexual slavery are still to receive recognition. The essay shows how the Japanese government's refusal to compensate any of the surviving women reflects the government's misogynist attitude in general.
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"The Comfort Woman", 2004.
An analysis of this novel by Nora Okja Keller.
1,706 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
"The Comfort Woman" by Nora Okja Keller is the moving tale of a daughter struggling to understand her mother while coming to grips with her own emotionally unsatisfying life. This paper analyzes major theories of mother-daughter relationships and an absent father throughout the book. The book explores many sides of several feminist theories, including the all-important mother-daughter relationship, which can insinuate itself into every facet of our adult lives. The paper shows how the character, Beccah, must deal with the death of her mother, the absence of a father, and the knowledge that she never really knew her mother at all, which may be the most difficult part of her life to deal with.
From the Paper
"Another compelling theme in the novel that binds the two women together is their life in Hawaii. They live in "the shacks," the side of Hawaii the tourists do not see, and it is a place reeking of poverty and sadness. Beccah grows up between the white world of her absent father, and the Korean world of her mother, but she is even more torn because she has so little of her father and his culture to bind her to him. Her life is difficult, and she really becomes the "mother" in the relationship early, because her mother is so often off in a trance and unable to take care of herself. Beccah sees the world through two cultures, she does not exactly fit in either one of them, and this is another source of her restlessness and isolation after she leaves home."
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Japan's Sex Slaves, 2002.
A discussion of the Japanese use of "comfort women" during World War II.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Japan was notorious during the Second World War for actively encouraging the use of ?comfort women? and how Koreans and others were pressed into sexual slavery by the Japanese Army. It looks at how, since the normalization of trade and diplomatic relations between Japan and other countries, many have asked why Japan has never officially apologized for these actions. It shows how Japan?s failure to acknowledge its role in the agony of these women and other victims of Japanese imperial aggression lends to a generally nationalist view of Japan?s role in the war, which compounds existing racist and chauvinistic attitudes that continue to characterize Japanese culture today.
From the Paper
"It is estimated that there were over 200 thousand comfort women employed by the Japanese Military during World War 2. (Economist, 13 August, 1998) However, the history of Japan?s experience with comfort women isn?t complete, as the government continues to insist that sexual services were provided by private industry despite thousands of accounts to the contrary. According to Lisa Go of ASA-News, Japan?s use of comfort women was an attempt to curtail the mass-rape of women in occupied territories, particularly China. As Japan dramatically increased its 700,000-strong military presence in China in 1941, the rape of women in newly conquered territories served to cauterize enemy combatants against the Japanese."
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Art Activism and WWII's Korean Comfort Girls, 2008.
An analysis of how artistic activism is attempting to draw more supporters to the comfort women's cause.
2,042 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways that artistic activism portrays Korean girls who were sent to serve military brothels of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) throughout occupied Asia, during World War II. It discusses how, together with international law, litigation and documentation, artistic activism has attempted to draw more supporters to the comfort women's cause.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Artistic Activism
Exhibits in North America
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"Far work continues to be promised in the future, as more women and other artists take up the cause of the comfort women, making use of their testimony collected in several countries and what are said to be numerous surviving photographs taken shortly after the end of the War or at different times in the surviving comfort women's futures. For viewers not at all interested in imperial Japan's atrocities in Asia or the comfort women in particular, each work discussed in this paper, nonetheless, succeeds in a kind of informal reminder that what we see in the exterior or a person, or in perceptible emotions, can tell very little indeed as to a person's precise life experience. Of the third or so of comfort women to survive their existences of being military prostitutes, each had an horrendous story of devaluation, violence and injuries of all kinds."
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Japan's Modern Myths, 2007.
This paper discusses Japan as viewed in 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period' by Carol Gluck.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses Professor Carol Gluck's views regarding Japan as portrayed in Chapter 5 and 6 of 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period'. The writer points out that Professor Gluck argues that Japanese society was and is a society founded upon the values of the collective, rather than upon the individual. Further, the writer notes that her view of Japanese civic virtues is extremely broad and suggests that on every level of public and personal morality, the nation is given greater value than the lives of its citizens. The writer then discusses that, in Chapter 6, Gluck paints the period as a constant struggle between the forces of nationalism and collectivism versus the "social fever" for modernity, or Westernization, that is still present and, in Gluck's opinion, was a natural, human impulse in contrast to the expressed will of the state.
From the Paper
"Gluck suggests that the Meiji policies of the late 19th and early 20th century Japanese government leading up to World War II made civil obedience and national sacrifice a religious calling. Gluck's views of the causes of World War II thus take on a very socially deterministic cast. In her view, because the Emperor was divine, everything he did and was done in the name of Japan was seen as right and just. In terms of Japanese religion, although Gluck argues that although it might seem Buddhism had had a strong religious presence in Japanese morality, she believes this should not be over-emphasized, stating that Buddhism was often perceived as a foreign religion by the state In contrast, Gluck stresses the emphasis on the indigenous Japanese religion Shinto as a state religion. She sees Shintoism, as opposed to the imported philosophy of Buddhism, to form the true philosophy of the civil cult of the state. She points out that the Shintoists continued to press their claims for the institutionalization of Shinto as a separate office of state, apart from Buddhists."
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Women in the American Revolution, 2001.
This in-depth paper examines the important role of women in the American Revolution and how, despite the time period, they managed to contribute.
7,000 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper describes some of the women who participated in the American Revolution - their lives, their stories and their motives. It examines how these significant women were examples of an undercurrent already present in the American society and how, due to the necessity of war, these women were able to be given the chance to make an impact on the society.
I. Introduction ? Social Status of Women in the Revolution
II. Molly Pitcher ? the real story
A. Evidence supporting her existence
B. Evidence denying her existence
C. An American Icon
D. Other Women who took up Arms
III. Women as Spies
A. Ann Bates
B. Miss Jenny
IV. Life as a Camp Follower
A. Women in Supporting Roles
B. The winds of Equality
C. Abigail Adams
D. Patriotism
V. Men?s views on Women in the Revolution
A. Women as a Symbol of the Comforts of Home
From the Paper
"Women in the American Revolution played a deciding factor in the success of the colonists in winning their freedom from the Tyranny of England. Traditional roles of men and women had been heavily influenced by the teachings of Christianity in which men were above women and God was above men. The interpretation of this idea was taken rather literally during this time period and many men regarded women as lower beings. During the Revolutionary war women were not considered fit for battle and this was strictly a man?s realm. Women were responsible for cooking, mending, sewing, soap making, and other forms of domestic tasks. The onset of the war forced some of these ideas to be loosened due to necessity. The war played a major role in re-defining women?s roles in the late 18th century. These ideas began a long series of reforms, which later led to the suffrage movement."
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Japan's Nuclear Capabilities, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
6,555 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
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Post-World War II Japan, 2004.
Discussion of Japan's monumental economic and technological success following WWII.
3,951 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
In an effort to determine the causes of Japan's economic and technological success following WWII, this paper examines Japan's history beginning with the signing of the peace treaty bringing an end to World War II and the years that followed. The paper reviews the peace treaty and what was demanded of Japan to bring an end to the war after the bombing of Nagasaki and examines the role of the U.S. in ruling post-war Japan. Furthermore, the paper assesses Japan's aggressive pursuit of its post-war reconstruction, including what industries were pursued and why, and then analyzes those factors that made it possible for Japan to recover in such a short time following the devastating war, becoming a major, global industrial power. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Industrialization in Post-War Japan
Cultural and Demographic Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The key points of these policies were simple and straightforward, and included the demilitarization of Japan (so that it would not again become a danger to peace); democratization, meaning that, while no particular form of government would be forced upon the Japanese, efforts would be made to develop a political system under which individual rights would be guaranteed and protected; and the establishment of an economy that could adequately support a peaceful and democratic Japan. Further, MacArthur shared the vision of a demilitarized and democratic Japan and he was well suited to the challenge. MacArthur was an outstanding administrator and possessed the leadership and charisma that appealed to the defeated Japanese. MacArthur did not tolerate any domestic nor foreign interference, and aggressively went about creating a new Japan. To this end, he encouraged an environment in which new forces could and did rise, and, where his reforms corresponded to trends that had already established in Japanese society, they served to play a critical part in Japan's recovery as a free and independent country (Winchester 1989)."
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Japan's Immigration Policy, 2006.
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of Japan's current immigration policy.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Japanese people, who are among the most nationalistic people of all, try hard to preserve their ethnic homogeneity, ensuring that the population of Japan remains dominated by the Japanese and that foreign nationals are a very small percentage of the population. The author evaluates Japan's immigration policies by focusing on its labor markets, rights protection, societal identities and border security. The paper concludes that globalization of Japan's industries causes an increasing demand for skilled workers;
however, currently, Japan's immigration policy is not open enough to welcome foreign workers and businesses as compared to the policies of
Singapore and Hong Kong, which leaves Japan behind in terms of economic globalization. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Japan's Immigration Policy: An Evaluation through a Study of the Policies' Evolution
Japan's Immigration Policy: In Comparison to Other Countries' Policy
The Effects of Japan's Immigration Policies
From the Paper
"In terms of maximum period of stay for foreign workers, Japan currently grants a maximum of only three years; surprisingly too short for a worker who wants to establish a good future; and surprisingly too short as compared again to other more developed countries. In terms of the employment status of foreign workers, on the other hand, considering the claim of Japan on their strict policy on limiting, or even preventing, foreign unskilled workers, it is surprising that "entertainers" and "trainees" coming from neighboring Asian countries are categorized under skilled workers."
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Japan and Southeast Asia, 2005.
An examination of the history of Japan's contemporary relations with Southeast Asia.
3,274 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how history has had a considerable impact on Japan's relationship with Southeast Asia. The experience of the Japanese colonialism and the atrocities of the WWII participated in a persistent anti-Japanese resentment in the region with the result that Japan's foreign policy has had to deal with serious suspicion and difficulties to rebuild mutual understanding between Japan and Southeast Asia. It also looks at how the experience of the Cold War and Japan's submission to the U.S. economic and security interests have constituted an important obstacle to Japan-Southeast Asia interaction.
Outline
The Legacy of the Japanese Military Expansionism in Southeast Asia Before 1945
A Difficult Japan-Southeast Asia Interaction after 1945: The Japanese Foreign Policy Choices in a Confrontational World Order
Balance: Japan and the Challenge of Reconciling History With the Future of a More Globalised World
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Japanese historical presence in Southeast Asia thus can be considered to have participated in the development of forthcoming antagonisms precisely in this region during the Cold War. In this respect, Takashi Inoguchi's analysis of the impact of the Japanese occupation on Vietnam is particularly relevant. Indeed, he insists on the fact that Japan's colonisation of Vietnam led to a considerable exploitation of the country's resources which resulted in the emergence of nationalist movements and doctrines that would be then appropriated and exploited by confrontational ideologies during the Cold War. "
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The Future of Japan, 2006.
An analysis of the potential growth of Japan over the next 20 years.
3,446 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
Japan is a sound economic power with immense potential. This paper focuses on all potential aspects of Japan's growth over the next twenty years and explains its progress with respect to globalization and the role of China.
Outline
Summary
Introduction
Economic Forecasting
Methodologies of Economic Forecasting
Japan Economy in 20 Years
Demographic Factors
China as an Engine for Japan's Economy
Japan's Debt and Future Development
The Economic Forecast for Next 20 Years
From the Paper
"The demographic dilemma is certainly a cause for concern for Japan's economy but it appears that Japan will be able to cope with the shortage during the next 20 years. Japan has not been very receptive to the 'guest workers' for meeting its manpower requirements but a future shortage may change that situation. Increased productivity, late retirement, more participant of women in work force and possibility of using foreign workers are some of the options that can be used to meet the manpower requirement of the economy. Japan has the highest number of robots in use in the world [CIA Report on Japan Economy, 2005, the automation is another solution to the manpower shortage. "
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History of China and Japan, 2002.
This paper consists ofanswers one question about the status of women in China and Japan, and the other discusses foreign influences on political reform in Japan.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper consists ofanswers one question about the status of women in China and Japan, and the other discusses foreign influences on political reform in Japan.
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