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Jacques Derrida's Theory Of Writing, 1995.
Examiines this French philosopher's attempt to determine scientific qualities of writing and create a grammatological system.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Jacques Derrida, French critic and philosopher, argues that a science of writing can never exist because a completely coherent system depends on the what he says is the metaphysical possibility of the full presence of certain fundamental elements, while writing in his view "ruptures" full presence and thus makes a coherent system impossible. Derrida then concludes that simplicity should not be given privilege over difference and that the apprehension of full presence in the interior of the individual soul is merely imaginary.
Derrida begins with the statement that the concept of writing should define the field of a science (Derrida 27), and a science of writing, he says, should look for its object at the roots of scientificity. He says that the history of writing would turn back to the origin of historicity and stand as a ..."
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Derrida's "Differance", 2007.
An examination of Jacques Derrida's philosophical work; "Differance."
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper exposes certain key and central issues present in "Differance" that place the work in a framework in which it can be clearly understood. The paper shows how Derrida moves beyond the dualism of traditional Western thought to expose a view of reality which assumes that there is a permanent truth that can be discerned behind appearance. The paper examines Derrida's belief that meaning and truth are not static and that understanding reality through language is not a simple matter of connecting the signifier with the signified or the word and its apparent designated meaning.
Outline:
Preamble
Understanding the text of Differance
From the Paper
"Philosophy and Western thought has for centuries, since Platonic idealism, wrestled with the concept of a dualistic view of reality. The Platonic view of the ideal and the real forms constitute the underlying basis of Western thought. An implicit and critical part of Platonic thought is the separation between common reality and the ideal forms and Truth. This separation between being and Being is also, for Heidegger, the fundamental structure of Western metaphysics. The assumption of duality and reason as modes of reality in modern thought was radically questioned by Nietzsche and later in the works of Jacques Derrida and Martin Heidegger, among others."
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Derrida: The Project of Animality, 2002.
A description of Jacques Derrida's attitude towards the term "animal" and examination of the viewpoints of Martin Heidegger and Jacques Lacan regarding this term.
2,874 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Derrida applies his process of deconstruction to the term "animal." It looks at how Derrida asserts that "animal" and "human" did not always represent two distinct categories; rather, there are humans, mice, monkeys, snakes, etc., and a human is no more different from a mouse than a snake is from an elephant. The paper also discusses how, when Judeo-Christian thought became dominant, the concept of "the animal" came into existence as an absolute other and, with this linguistic separation, came a psychical divide that caused us to lose touch with the dark, mysterious, "animal" which resides deep inside of ourselves.
Outline:
Introduction
Derrida On Lacan: The Animal Cannot Cover Up Its Tracks. But Can The Human?
The Seer
The Great Disavowal
From the Paper
"An animal's relationship to the world is limited by its "disinhibitors" - its inner drives that render it completely passive to its bodily demands. Heidegger calls this state of passivity "captivation." The animal is completely at one with its disinhibitor - it does not have the reflexive ability to step back from its drives and perceive that it is controlled by them. Because it cannot see outside of its "disinhibiting ring," it only perceives the world insofar as it relates to its own instinctual demands. Not being able to escape this state of stupefaction, objects only exist for the animal in relation to its present needs. Unable to step out of its disinhibiting ring, it cannot perceive objects as existing in themselves, as more than a means to serve the ends of its disinhibitors. Passivity with respect to its disinhibitor implies passivity with respect to objects in the world - it must use and perceive them only insofar as its disinhibiting ring requires. "
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Jacques Cousteau and Charles William Beebe, 2005.
A comparison of the underwater discoveries and inventions of Jacques Cousteau with those of Charles William Beebe.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Jacques Cousteau's discoveries with American underwater scientists during the same timeline. It specifically compares his work to that of the American underwater scientist named Charles William Beebe. The paper concludes that Cousteau's work overshadowed that which was produced by the rest of the world although many of his ideas and discoveries were closely related to the work of the American, Charles William Beebe.
Table of Content:
Jacques Cousteau
Charles William Beebe
The Bathysphere
The Lime Diving Suit
The Invention of SCUBA
Underwater Photography
The Bathyscaphe
Cousteau's Growing Media Career
Environmental Activism
Cousteau's Achievements and Record
From the Paper
"Jacques Cousteau's list of achievements and awards is very extensive for an equally extensive and amazing career span of more than sixty years. During his career he discovered species of animals and sea creatures that had never before been seen by a human eye, he led ground breaking expeditions around the world and to foreign parts of the world, including Antarctica, he developed diving equipment used by military forces and scientists alike, he developed methods of raising ships that had sunk over 130 feet to the surface so that they could be repaired and put back into service, he perfected underwater broadcasting, and created some of the worlds most riveting underwater documentaries and films. Cousteau founded environmental organizations, and non-profit organizations for the protection of the environment, he invented turbosails, and studied natural disasters as well as environmental disasters caused by human error, such as the oil spills in Alaska. His work has been recognized world wide by world leaders and organizations. He has been received by the President of the United States in the White House and he has been invited to address the UN Environmental Conferences, he has also been appointed to many international boards concerning the environment and ecosystems."
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 2002.
A discussion of the life and works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
754 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
An essay on Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which discusses his works, ?The Social Contract? and ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality.? It shows how Rousseau?s doctrine had a profound impact on French revolutionary thought, as well as socialist thought. Moreover, many believe he anticipated, rather than influenced, many insights of modern social psychology.
From the Paper
Jean-Jacques Rousseau lived from 1712-1778 during the height of the French Enlightenment. In 1762, he wrote ?The Social Contract? examining many of the difficulties concerning freedom and authority to determine how freedom might be possible in civil society. He believed that in the state of nature humans enjoy the physical freedom of having no restraints on behavior (Rousseau). However, by entering into the social contract, humans place restraints on behavior, thus making it possible to live in a community. Rousseau contends that by giving up physical freedom mankind gained the civil freedom of being able to think rationally, although, as humans were good in a state of nature, corruption must thus be born from civilization. Rousseau sought to harmonize one?s individual need for expression with society?s need to ensure the well-being of community life (Rousseau)."
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Film: Jacques Tourneur's "I Walked with a Zombie", 2007.
This paper analyzes a specific scene from Jacques Tourneur's 1943 classic film "I Walked with a Zombie".
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the love triangle with a zombie and two brothers, in Jacques Tourneur's film "I Walked with a Zombie", as delineated in the scene in which the maid Alma brings Betsy her breakfast in bed. The author points out that this scene demonstrates the way this film is deliberately and carefully crafted. The paper utilizes Roland Barthes' model of textual analysis, which determine the meanings of a specific text, to dissect this interaction and interpret the ways in which it ties the characters of Betsy and Jessica together. The author states that Barthes's approach to analysis still leaves important questions unanswered. The paper concludes that no system can take into account the infinite ways in which an adroit author can manipulate his or her text, subverting it, twisting it and then simply ignoring parts of it completely.
From the Paper
"Lastly, the Cultural Code is a loose concept that acknowledges the importance of common cultural knowledge in understanding texts. As mentioned above, again the cultural code is most relevant in this sequence in relation to class and race. A knowledge of Western racial history enables viewers to understand that, as privileged members of the racial upper class, both Betsy and Jessica enjoy a similar social status that places them above Alma. To illustrate, it would be surprising to see Alma wait on Betsy if she too were black, which itself would be surprising since blacks at the time of the film were generally denied the opportunities necessary to enter the medical field in the first place."
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "The Social Contract", 2008.
An analysis of the views of Jean-Jacques Rousseau as defined in his "The Social Contract".
2,599 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, in his book, "The Social Contract", Jean-Jacques Rousseau explains the relationship of the individual to society. The paper relates that Rousseau emphasizes the natural law of personal rights and sovereignty and argues that any government derives its legitimate power only from the collective choice of many individuals to allow government to act as a proxy for their personal exercise of those rights directly. The paper also examines how, for similar reasons, Rousseau opposed the concept of "rightful" ownership of slaves, especially those who did not choose to become slaves. Finally, the paper discusses how Rousseau questions the legitimacy of some forms of democratic.
Outline:
Introduction
Rousseau on the Origin of Legitimate Power
Rousseau on Political Representation, Democracy, Law, and the Need for Legislators
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Rousseau, legitimate governmental authority can only come from the voluntary will of many people, and those forms of governmental authority that derive their power elsewhere are fundamentally illegitimate. Rousseau acknowledges that allowing the collective will to establish rules that govern individual conduct might be a form of relinquishment of individual rights. He takes the position that this apparent contradiction is resolved by the fact that it is in the interest of every individual to give the power of social policy and rule enforcement to the government, because without some form of collective power, the individual cannot enforce any legitimate social concerns at all. Finally, Rousseau questions the legitimacy of some forms of democratic representation and suggests that affiliation or allegiance to sub-groups or representative political parties cancels out some of the main benefits of the principle of individual expression in political choice."
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?The Social Contract? by Jean Jacques Rousseau, 2004.
This paper discusses how Jean Jacques Rousseau addresses the problem of political obligation and individual freedom in ?The Social Contract?.
850 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in ?The Social Contract?, Jean Jacques Rousseau clarifies the idea of the social contract and the way the state should work together with its subjects to create a perfect and peaceful society. The author points out that Rousseau?s opening statement that ?Man is born free? is intriguing because, according to the rest of the section, this statement is not true; a child is obliged to be in bondage to its parents until it can leave the home on its own. The paper contends that, until lessons from the past can be recognized, books like ?The Social Contract? will have academic value only; practical applicability is entirely dependent upon the human ability to recognize lessons, to adjust, and to evolve accordingly.
From the Paper
"Rousseau makes a strong argument in his first book when he states, ?One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they.? (Book I; ch.i). This is applicable to current society, which is more often than not subject to some or other less than laudable human trait such as greed or addiction. People are slaves to money, drugs, success or any other of a maze of possible enslavements. This was also true in Rousseau?s time, and he recognized that human beings are in bondage since birth."
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Jean Jacques Rousseau, 2007.
This paper examines the social contract theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau.
1,424 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Jean Jacques Rousseau was essentially against any social order that curtailed personal freedom or natural liberty. The paper explains his beliefs of allowing the public to choose the person who would implement laws while the system would work on the principle of general will. The paper relates that Rousseau's social contract theory shaped modern political thought and is still commonly cited when democracy and rights are discussed.
From the Paper
"Political upheaval in the 19th century France was caused as much by political discourse as by active insurgence. Jean Jacques Rousseau's theory of social contract or rather his rejection of the same occupied an important place in the political discourse of the time. It was not starkly different than previously held beliefs but definitely encompassed some original concepts including the idea of general will and the elusive lawgiver. Rousseau's rejection of social contract was grounded in the premise that by contracting with a man or assembly of men, individuals are forced to part with some of their natural liberty. In other words while he knew that freedom was compromised to an extent with social contracts were entered into, he maintained that the relinquished freedom should be social freedom and not natural freedom."
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Jacques Demy's Film "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" (1964), 2007.
This paper describes Jacques Demy's film "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" and compares it to the film "Moulin Rouge" directed by Baz Luhrmann.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because the film's dialogue is sung rather than spoken, which suggests a romantic comedy or Hollywood musical, French director Jacques Demy's film, "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg", (1964), a tale of thwarted young love set to music, is more heart-wrenchingly realistic and bittersweet than the fantastic presentation more typical of this genre. The author points out that this film's most obvious contemporary parallel would be Baz Lurman's "Moulin Rouge" (2001) in that it, too, is largely sung rather than spoken and has a cast of largely poor young people and a heroine who must choose between a poor man she loves and a rich man who can provide her with worldly comforts. The paper relates that the greatest difference between the plot of "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg" and "Moulin Rouge" is the portrayal of the 'other' love interests.
From the Paper
"At the beginning of the film, at first, Genevieve believes that love can conquer all. She only alters her point of view after she receives a few spare letters from Guy when he is away, and she wonders if she will be left pregnant and alone. Again, the theme of Guy and Genevieve as star-crossed lovers, a la Romeo and Juliet, is suggested by the plot. The viewer is called to wonder, if only Guy had not been drafted, if only Genevieve had not become pregnant and thus would have felt more secure waiting, if only her mother had not pressured her daughter for so long..."
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 2004.
An analysis of Jean-Jacques Rousseau - realist, liberal or critical theorist.
1,491 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses what Jean-Jacques Rousseau's real philosophical identity is. The paper examines Rousseau's theories. It defines classic realism, traditional liberalism and critical theory. The paper questions whether Rousseau's views follow those of classic realism or whether they are written in the critical theory genre. It also explores whether Rousseau is a liberal in the traditional sense and whether his views follow that thread throughout his extensive works.
From the Paper
"Rousseau's theories in this assigned essay are somewhat conflicting from time to time, but it is clear his views can safely be placed in the genre of liberalism. He steps "out of the lecture room" and sees "wretched nations groaning beneath of yoke of iron." Mankind is "ground down by a handful of oppressors." That last quote certainly shows Rousseau's great concern for the less fortunate and the politically powerless citizens; and when he says "ground down by a handful of oppressors" readers can easily see those oppressors are not governing with the consent of the governed."
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The Philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1985.
This paper is a critical analysis of two of the major works of 18th Century French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, "The Social Contract" and "A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality": The individual in social relations, emphasizing political realm, na
5,175 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 7 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This study will provide a critical analysis of two of the major works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract and A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality.
The study will concentrate on these two works in order to isolate for investigation the essential steps in Rousseau?s reasoning about the individual in his social relations, especially with regard to the realm of political thought and practice.
As we shall see, A Discourse contains a portrait of how social conditions create for men a basic dilemma for the establishment and exercise of their individual identities. A Discourse in that sense serves as a preliminary portrait of the fundamental problem of society, which is addressed more fully in The Social Contract. In the latter work, Rousseau describes ... "
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Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly and Emile Jacques-Dalcroze, 1993.
A look at the brief biographies of Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly and Emile Jacques-Dalcroze, with a focus on their musical philosophies and approaches, their strengths and weaknesses and the impact on teaching music to children.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly, and Emile Jaques-Dalcroze brought new influences to the process of teaching music to elementary school children in this country. Their creative approaches dramatically changed how 20th C. classroom teachers thought about and went about the task of encouraging small children in their musical development. This research will provide brief biographies of these three music educators, outline their philosophies, teaching approaches and methodologies, and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses as applied to teaching music to elementary school children.
Carl Orff was a German-born composer who lived from 1895 until 1982. He is known in music education circles for his innovative use of percussion and simple melodic instruments with children, but he did not originally set out to teach children..."
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the French Revolution, 2004.
Examines the influence Jean-Jacques Rousseau had on the French Revolution and social concepts we adhere to until this day.
2,374 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political and social concepts that Rousseau wrote about in his famous work, "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Men ". The paper looks at how Rousseau's writings may have helped bring about the French Revolution, the American Revolution, and even the modern feminist movement. The paper also discusses how much of Rousseau's writings continue to have relevance and influence on society today and draws comparisons between John Locke's writings and Rousseau's writings.
From the Paper
"It is ironic that the writings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau can be considered feminist in nature; Marie Antoinette was tried for treason and guillotined four years after the French Revolution erupted, becoming perhaps the most famous woman of the ?old order? in history. She had been guilty of the excesses of the French Court at the time of the French Revolution, even though historians note that she had tried, in the final years of her husband?s reign, to mend her extravagant ways and appear more often as a doting mother, simply dressed and coiffed."
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Jean Jacques Rousseau, 2007.
A look at how Jean Jacques Rousseau and his version of the social contract characterize what modern and modernity is.
3,889 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines three concepts in the political philosophy of Rousseau. Firstly, the concept of the state of nature and inequality according to Rousseau is discussed. Secondly, the paper looks at the transition to the civil state and lastly, it discusses the notion of Rousseau's proposed government. The paper further demonstrates how these three parts are the main components of Rousseau's thoughts on what we may call modern or modernity.
Outline:
Introduction
State of Nature and Inequality
Towards the Civil State
Government
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The government for Rousseau must be proportionally stronger than the people; therefore, it must not be very strong and neither very weak in its relation to the people. It must be just proportionally strong. The basis of the size of the state is one of his main principles in classifying the governments, since "the number of the supreme magistrates should be in inverse ratio to that of the citizens, it follows that in general, democratic government is suitable to small states, aristocracy to those of moderate size, and monarchy to large ones"(Social Contract, Book III, p. 58) therefore, the perfect type of government need not be a conformity to a single notion of a perfect government, because "all governments are not of the same nature" (Social Contract, Book III, p. 72). There could be a different and unique type of government suited for a particular state. Thus, not only may different governments be good for different peoples, but for the same people at different times. (Social Contract, Book III, p. 51) and each of his described governments is the best in certain areas, and worst in others (Social Contract, Book III, p. 58)."
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