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Italy?s Serie A Football Team, 2004.
A history and overview of Italy?s Serie A football team.
7,419 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 163.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Italian Football League, or ?Lega Calcio?, dates back to 1946 and describes what comprises the teams of Serie A in Italian football. It identifies the business drivers for the sport, the characteristics of the teams, the motivation of sponsors, and the formula for revenue. It also looks at how the business model has changed over time from a customer-centered model to a shareholder-driven one and how nowhere was this more evident than during the postponement of the 2002-2003 season because of pay-per-view contract issues.
Outline
Italy?s Serie A Football League: A Brief History
Italian Serie A and B
The Business of Football
Sponsorship
Shirt Sponsorships
Player Contracts
Wages
Revenues
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A ? Sports Classifications
From the Paper
"With the advent of television, a venue for was created for pro football players to showcase commercial products. In 1951 Stanley Matthews (the first pro football player to be knighted) received ?20 a week from CWS (Co operative society) for sporting football boots. At this time, however, most players were tied to their clubs, bound to a maximum wage and abiding by the retain-and-transfer contract system, necessitating that they keep their ?day? jobs. When England hosted the World Cup Finals in 1966, the ceiling for the maximum wage was lifted. It was at this time a mascot entered the fray, the tournament was effectively ?branded?, and the first superstar, George Best was born. (Critcher, 1991) An official song was created for the tournament, replica ?World Cup Willy? Lions were sold, and approximately 400 million people world wide watched the TV coverage."
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Team-Creation and Team-Building, 2004.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the use of teams for organizational operation and management in both the public and the private sectors.
35,210 words (approx. 140.8 pages), 102 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that teams go through various stages of development and changes based on the environment and the task to be undertaken. The paper points out that teams have problems of their own, problems that can ruin or seriously hurt the organization. The paper stresses that methods of decision making, trust and mutual respect, and the level of team member accountability can help improve the morale and performance of the team.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Organized Labor and Teams
Building an Effective Team
Team Member Selection and Requirements
Team Development Stages
Characteristics of an Effective Team
Decision Making in Teams
External Factors in Team Dynamics
Performance and Rewards for Team Members
Organizational Environment
Organizational Structures
Organizational Systems
Organizational Knowledge
Organizational Values and Culture
Types of Teams
Classification Based on the Environment for which the Team is Setup
Functional Teams
Hierarchy Teams
Organic Team
Management Teams
Classification Based on the Operational Tasks for which the Team is Setup
Work Teams
Project Teams
Focus Teams
New Product/Service Design Team
Classification of Teams based on the Control and Power Team Members Possess
Self-Managed/Empowered Teams
Controlled Work Teams
Classification Of Team Based On The Objectives For The Organization
Tactical Teams
Problem-Solving Teams
Creative Teams
Learning Teams
Classification of Teams based on Organization Representations
Teams from within the Industry (National/Global)
Teams from within the Organization
Global Diversified Teams
Virtual Teams
Classification of Teams based on the Studies by Researchers in the Field
Communication Needs in Teams
Types of Communication
Mediums Used in Team Communications
Frequency, Volume and Value of Communication
Communication Goals
Managing Conflicts and Team Dynamics
Dissonance and Conflicts
Teams and Conflicts
The Work Environment and Conflicts
Culture and Conflicts in Teams
Need for Controlled Conflict in Teams
Types of Conflict
Conflict Management in Teams
Team Leadership
Leadership based on the Team Classification
Leadership and Trust
Leadership Styles and Team Members Cognitive Abilities
Team Leadership Styles Displayed
Leadership in Global Team Settings
Motivating of Team Members
Social and Biological Impact on Motivation
Motivational Theories
Motivation and Learning Theory
Training of Team Members
Trust in Teams
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Blind trust can be very damaging for team members. This is especially important if the teams are not in close proximity or do not correspond and interact frequently. Teams and team members need to set up boundaries and limits to enable trust building between members of the team. When trust is broken, effective measures have to be undertaken to identify the reason for breaching the trust and the suitable ?punishment? or reprimand that might be needed based on the situation."
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Teams and Team Work, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between motivation, group dynamics and team leading.
4,701 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how motivational techniques have a positive impact on the functioning of groups as well as on the process of team leading. The paper discusses the expectancy theory regarding the theme of motivation. The paper looks at group dynamics and focuses on the five stage model of forming- storming- norming-performing and adjourning. The paper explores leading teams and the need to create effective teams.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose
Background
Approach
Limitations
Motivation
Group dynamics
Team leading
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The contemporary tendencies in the field of business impose the use of teams and team work in order to render companies more competitive and more successful. Human resources have become a strategic asset for any organization, regardless of its filed of action. Under these circumstances, the importance of a coherent functioning of teams within a company has become fundamental. The direct implication of this fact is to be found in the area of motivation. The expectancy theory provides a complex analysis instrument from this point of view, helping us to understand the relation between the expectations that people have and the amount of effort that they would be willing to make in order to achieve a goal. In addition, the rules of efficient team leading and the control of group dynamics must be underlined as being relevant for the successful running of business."
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Football in Canada and the U.S., 2005.
A look at the Canadian Football League (CFL) compared to the American's National Football League (NFL).
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The differences between American football and Canadian football differ in all areas almost making them completely different games. It explains that the CFL has been misinterpreted as not on the same level as the NFL. In Canada, the CFL is highly regarded and considered a much better game to watch than the NFL. The writer compares certain rules and formats which highlight these differences. It shows that with the differences in play and the rules highlighted, the NFL format seems to be the easier of the two to play.
From the Paper
"If the offensive team loses a ball during play or fumbles the ball, the last team to posses the ball before going out of bounds gains possession in the NFL whereas the last team to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds gains possession in the CFL. A touchdown is scored when any player enters the end zone with the football. If the offensive team chooses, they can get close to the end zone and kick the ball for a field goal. A missed field goal in the CFL is considered live and if the ball is not returned out of the end zone the kicking team receives a point called "rouge" <http://www.football.com/rulesdiff/index.shtml>. The team coming out of the end zone with the missed field goal attempt can return the ball all the way for a touchdown or take possession where the player was downed."
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Football in the Sultanate of Oman, 2008.
A research paper analyzing the influences, problems and developmental issues associated with football professionalism in the Sultanate of Oman.
9,694 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the problematic issue of the professional football industry in Oman. The paper relates that, today, professional sports are a multi-billion dollar global industry, and professional athletes stand to earn enormous sums participating in a wide range of sporting events. Top among these professional sports, of course, is the most popular sport in the world, soccer, or football as it is known outside the United States. The primary importance of professional sports, though, relates more to the social and cultural impact that these events can have in galvanizing an entire nation to become one in their support for their teams, and emotions run high as these competitions become the source of fierce international rivalries. In this environment, there is much at stake beyond the economic impact of professional sports, but the influences and typical problems encountered among professional athletes as they gain prominence in their respective sports remains an understudied area in general and particularly as they apply to the Sultanate of Oman today. This paper researches the position of the football professionalism in the Sultanate of Oman and identifies the factors and issues that affect the development, management, and marketing of this sport today. To this end, a critical review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly, organizational and governmental literature is accompanied by a survey of young people in Oman concerning their perspectives and attitudes towards professional football. Salient conclusions and recommendations are provided in the concluding chapter. Several appendices, tables and charts are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Because soccer represents such an important component of many nation's economy and international prestige, understand how young people view these events is just good business sense from a marketing perspective. Moreover, gaining additional insights into what compels some young players to become professional athletes can help sports medicine providers develop more timely and improved regimens to help these young players accomplish their professional goals. Although these issues are clearly important ones, they remain understudied in the peer-reviewed literature. For instance, Karen and Washington (2001) emphasize that despite its economic and cultural importance in the social realms, sports in general remain a relatively neglected and undertheorized area of sociological research today. Likewise, Beam, Serwatka and Wilson also note that, "Past applications of the multidimensional model of leadership and its associated scales to the intercollegiate setting have yielded some interesting but incomplete results" (p. 3). Therefore, this study will fill in some existing gaps in the extant literature concerning how young people regard professional sports in general and professional football in particular."
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Wine from the Piedmont Area of Italy, 1991.
This paper discusses the wine industry from the Piedmont Area of Italy, the northwest region of Italy, centered on Turin: Production and export.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The Piedmont area of Italy is wine country and is noted for the merits of the wine produced by its vintners. Piedmont is in the northwest corner of Italy. It has no coastline and no large city to attract crowds. It is the home of Nebbiolo, the super-grape producing the most prestigious wines, such as Barolo and Barbaresco. In the north and west parts of Piedmont, there is usually a climate that is too harsh for vines, but grapes can ripen where only river valleys bring air movement and extra sunshine. The Nebbiolo zone features the flow of the Dora Baltea moving south through Ivrea. Most of the region's wines come from the south of Piedmont. Southeast of Turin the landscape is characterized by angular hills with straight rows of vines stretched horizontally across the slopes. The wine zones of Barolo and Barbaresco are on ... "
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Modern Italy, 2005.
This paper uses Aesop's fable about the town mouse and the city mouse to demonstrate demographic changes in modern Italy.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although modern Italy is changing, today it is still a country not only separated by customs and even regional dialects between South (i.e. South of Rome) and North, (i.e. Piedmont, Tuscany, etc.) but also the life styles in the many small and even remote villages and the large metropolitan areas are very different. The author points out that the country mice from Italy's small towns and villages have become more competitive and yet they still are far from becoming the so-called "sophisticates" of the big cities. The paper relates that the country mouse in today's Italy want to go to towns because, in the last two decades, Italy's economy has shifted sharply to industrial and services, which are located in the towns where more jobs are found.
From the Paper
" Of course, what the Town mouse didn't mention about the advantages of the city was, in case that city was Milan, the mice could be outfitted in the most stylish fashions by some of the world's most respected designers. Milan has overtaken Paris for much of both the high-priced end, Versacci, Armani, Gucci, but in Northern Italy is the world's most successful low- and mid-priced firm, Bennetton. Perhaps both mice could become a sort of "gray" example of the Colors of Bennetton, an advertising campaign that, if not everyone agrees with it, certainly has people talking. And, the country mouse can brag that Bennetton started, and is still located in a small town not too far from Venice."
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Mass Media and Professional Football, 2005.
This paper discusses the influence of mass media on professional sports, focusing on football. Includes three-page outline.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The research studies the changes that have developed in sports over the past decades and argues that globalization and capitalism are responsible for this change. The mass media has brought these matches into the homes, and this means that the excitement of viewing them live is no longer just limited to those who can afford a ticket or find one. In this way, especially with the development of satellite channels, the whole world is the audience of a football match. This has placed tremendous pressure on the players to perform to the best of their ability and more. The paper shows that media coverage of sports may have caused many players to retire early or to live insecurely due to death threats against them or their families, but it appears to have improved the quality of such games as football. To prove this, the writer look at statistics on the performance of the top players before the media age and top players in this media age. It proves that media has improved the quality of sports, but has removed from it the idea of clean competition and even player loyalties to their clubs or national teams. These players now go after the highest bidder, and it is difficult to keep track of who is playing for which side. Accordingly, the media has transformed sports into a financial game, and it is no longer an athletic one. As a support for the argument that money rather than playing well for the love of the sport itself is the main motivation of the performance of players and clubs, the writer finds statistics on the profits that clubs make through winning and the losses that they suffer by getting beaten. Furthermore, it finds statistics on the salaries of the top players and how their performance affects the terms of the renewal of their contracts. Additionally, the writer finds out how much sponsors and advertisers pay for the presence of their ads during games or their logos on the players' clothes.
From the Paper
"We are now living in a world of instant media communication in which the way that different countries and people interact with each other has greatly changed. The mass media has entered every area of life and covers almost all events, whether large or small. Sports are one area that has received a great amount of media attention, and that attention has changed the nature of some sports such as football. Essentially, that change can be described as the internationalization, or the globalization of football in the sense that the characteristic of the national team has changed forever through the inclusion of foreign players. Media's concentration on football and its live coverage of games has globalized this sport, or made it international. The consequence has been the improvement of the quality of the game, and the potential development if closer cultural understanding between different ethnic groups as a consequence of the diverse ethnic composition of teams and supporters. Some, however, such as the anonymous author of "An English Case Study," published in The Economist, argue that globalization has weakened the development of local footballer talent in countries as the United Kingdom but, on the contrary, the import of foreign talent has improved the performance of many teams, increased their clubs' profits, and uplifted the quality of the game, further rewarding deserving players with experience and money."
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Italy and Germany, 2002.
This paper analyzes the similarities and relationships in the history of Italy and Germany.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that German and Italian history has always been intertwined, from the powerful Hapsburgs who ruled Austria, and thus much of Italy, to Mussolini and his alliance with Nazi Germany. The paper states that Germany's history has always revolved around power and control, and Italy has always been a weaker and less dominant country. The author concludes that it is not surprising that Germany and Italy had such close political ties because, historically, they were very much alike and faced many of the same historical struggles side by side.
From the Paper
"Eventually, Napoleon conquered Italy and Austria. Austria gained Venice, and many of Italy's cities joined and turned themselves into republics. France gained some of Northern Italy. "Thus in the short space of eighteen months the whole of Italy was transformed into a group of republics kept in existence by the presence of French armies." In time, the French were deposed, and Italy gained her freedom, but the treatment of Italy by France, who professed to "liberty and freedom," had been a time of oppression and violence, and it embittered Italians to the French. This hatred of the French was one thing that drew the Germans and Italians together in later history. However, while Napoleon ruled Italy for fourteen years, the lifestyle of most Italians improved, the feudal system disappeared, and improvements that are more modern came to the country, such as roads and bridges. France built up Italy much more than Austria did, but Austria still ruled much of Italy, and Austria also fought Napoleon, but not for revolution, but for liberation. "Thus, the War of Liberation (1812-14) against Napoleon became Germany's substitute for the national revolution; notably in Prussia, it hammered the king, the upper classes, and the people into one fatherland." Napoleon ultimately created a more unified Germany, and a more unified Italy, and both countries detested the French."
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Fashion Trade between the U.S. and Italy, 2004.
An analysis of the fashion trade between the United States and Italy.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fashion trade between the United States and Italy. The paper discusses the economy, economic relations, labor, agriculture, and foreign trade relations of Italy. The paper explores the strengths, weaknesses, advantages, and disadvantages of exporting and importing textiles between Italy and the United States.
From the Paper
"Italy, located on a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea in Southern Europe is only slightly larger than Arizona. Italy does not have much in the way of natural resources and imports a great deal of its' food. The most important natural resources in Italy are its offshore natural gas reserve in the Po Valley and offshore Adriatic. Italy imports most of the resources in the way of raw material needed for manufacturing as well as importing 80 % of energy sources for the country. The processing and manufacturing of goods is Italy's economic strong point with major industries being that of precision machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electric goods, fashion and clothing."
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Italy's Role in the International System 1918-1945, 2006.
A look at the key role Italy's foreign policy played in international affairs during the period from 1918 to 1945.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
During the period from 1918 to 1945, Italy's role in international affairs was over-shadowed by the machinations in Germany and Japan and, at the end, by the ascendancy of the United States and of the Soviet Union to superpower status. Be that as it may, Italy played a key role in setting off the powder keg that became international affairs during the inter-war years through its aggressive foreign policy. Moreover, Italian fascism, while not as vicious or as vehement as its German counterpart, was nonetheless an inspiration of sorts for Hitler. This paper briefly explores Italy's role in the world events of 1918 to 1945 and suggest that, especially in the late 1920s and 1930s, the Italian shadow across international trends was greater than has been commonly supposed.
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The Markets and Football, 2006.
A look at market efficiency and the national football league.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the market efficiencies that can be seen in the national football league. In particular, he looks at the wagering systems that are used. He examines a few case studies, and uses these to try and explain how the odds and efficiencies of the markets are determined. He especially relates all of his points to wagering on football games, looking at all of the elements which will add to efficiencies of betting. Further to this, the author looks at the stock market, taking certain examples to emphasize his discussions. In conclusion, the author summarizes the two main theories of market efficiencies, the random walk theory and select strategies.
Table of Contents
Efficiency and Football Wagering
Additional Evidence of Inefficiency
From Bachelier to Bookmakers
From the Paper
"After noting that totals bets tend to attract more attention when two high-scoring teams are playing each other, Paul and Weinbach point out that "rooting for scoring tends to be easier than cheering for a lack of scoring." With these two factors in mind, the authors theorize that bettor psychology may push totals too high, making the "under" a consistently profitable wager. To test this hypothesis, Paul and Weinbach examine the entire sample of NFL totals from 1979 to 2000. And as the table below indicates, the under indeed won with a frequency that calls the efficiency of the totals market into question - particularly in games where the total was significantly higher than average."
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The Current Political Afflictions of Italy, 2002.
An analysis of Italy's current political issues, focussing on illegal immigration, corruption and elections, among other issues.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a country profile on Italy that reflects the current adversities that Italy faces. Afflictions outlined include illegal immigration, corruption, and elections. The paper explains the problems Italy has faced in the past, and the problems they face now. It also emphasizes the difficulty in repairing these problems.
From the Paper
"The Italian Republic, better known as Italy, became a nationwide state in 1861; they were united under King Victor Emmanuel. It originally had a parliamentary government; that came to an abrupt end in the early 1920s when the Fascist leader, Benito Mussolini, established a dictatorship. He formed an alliance with Nazi Germany that ultimately led to both Mussolini and Italy's defeat in World War II.(1) Italy's economy was finally revived in 1946 when a democratic republic replaced the monarchy. In 1999, Italy joined the European Monetary Union and now uses the "Euro Dollar" as their currency. This paper will show that Italy's most current affliction revolves around the influx of illegal immigration."
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Football in America, 2002.
Shows how football in the United States has become a cultural icon.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of football in the United States in terms of its impact as popular culture. It traces football's origins and the reasons for its current prominence. It identifies ways in which football both preserves and transmits fundamental popular myths about everything from gender roles to diplomacy.
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Italy's Economy, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of Italy's economy and its relationship to political instability.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike the prosperous nations of Europe that are experiencing economic upswings and political stability, although Italy's economy has improved in the past decade, the lira is depressed, unemployment remains high and politics are unstable. The author points out that, Italy, which is one of the most densely populated countries of Europe, is really two countries with the mostly agricultural south and the industrial north, each with its own economy, politics and, in some cases, even language. The paper states that Italy's increasing dependency on foreign trade is affecting the overall Italian economy the most because this makes her increasingly vulnerable to upheavals and disruptions in that trade.
From the Paper
"The political instability in the country sees governments rise and fall almost annually. Until recently, the Communists were still a strong influence, as was the Mafia, especially in South Italy and Sicily. It is difficult for long-term legislation to be signed, because as governments change and new ministers come into office, one does not know (or respect) the agreements made by his predecessor(s). The volatility of the governments has also fostered public discontent. Since becoming a republic after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War II, Italy's Constitution has not served to stabilize politics or rule."
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