| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "ITALIAN CITIES MEDIEVAL EUROPE": |
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Italian Cities in Medieval Europe, 2002.
This paper examines why Italian cities in medieval times developed at a faster rate than other European cities, becoming the richest in medieval Europe, possibly the world.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons behind the huge development of medieval Italian cities in relation to the rest of Europe. These factors include: Their superior organization, military history, geographical advantages in terms of trade and commerce and the unique form of government dividing the country into city states.
From the Paper
"Medieval times saw an expansion in city life all across Europe, but nowhere more so than in Italy. As early as the tenth century, Italian towns, though still inferior to those in the East, had become far larger than those in other Catholic European countries. From 1100-1250, the population of many Italian cities grew considerably, rising from around 5,000-6,000 people to between 30,000-40,000. This was because of a number of factors, most notably the commercial revolution and explosion of trade, which Italy was in a unique position to exploit, due, among other things, to her history and geographical location."
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Women in Medieval Europe, 2004.
A look at the difficulties of finding reliable historical information about the lives of women in medieval Europe.
1,584 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
A discussion of the lack of source material available when exploring the lives of women in medieval Europe. It focuses on the book by Emilie Amt, "Women?s Lives in Medieval Europe". It explains that most of the material available was written from a male perspective and that a true history of these women's lives is hard to come by.
From the Paper
"Out of necessity, history or an ?aggregate of past events,? must be built primarily on written materials. Oral histories and storytelling can provide input on a specific period of time. Yet, one can only assume that that the facts are altered through the generations from one tale relating to another. Of course, no one can assume that everything or even almost everything that is written is true. Just look at the variety of materials on the Internet to clarify that! However, some written materials are accurate, or nearly so, and give historians a place to start."
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"The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe", 2002.
A review of "The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe", edited by George Holmes.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is a book report on the book "The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe", edited by George Holmes and containing six essays on different aspects of the history and culture of the medieval period in the Mediterranean region and in Northern Europe.
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The Evolution of Feudalism in Medieval Europe, 2006.
An examination of feudalism and the manorial system in Medieval Europe.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the evolution of feudalism and the manorial system of serfdom takes on different perspectives in a changing medieval Europe. In many ways, both systems were used in a somewhat closely related land-bound slavery, which cost the nobles of Europe a great deal of productivity, limiting their growth potential. However, with the advent of money, the value of land and those that worked the land changed, as the laboring classes were able to become free to work for hire for money.
From the Paper
"Economic Studies: Understanding the Economic Evolution of Feudalism, Manorialism and Serfdom in the Medieval Era This economic study will examine the economic apparatus that helped to forge the feudal and manorial systems among the ruling elites of Europe during the medieval period. Furthermore, the hierarchy of class structure in this evolution will be examined to show how serfdom worked from the early Carolingian times to the 15th century. In this manner, the economic changes after the fall of the Roman Empire in regards to feudalism, manorial and the ever-changing class structures that existed within the early to late medieval period will be examined."
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The Royal Women of Medieval Europe, 2007.
This paper analyzes the role of royal women, including their power and influence, in medieval Europe.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the role of royal medieval women, including their political and religious influence. The author presents a country by country analysis of royal families in medieval Europe, explaining the traditions of succession in each of these countries, and whether or not women could ascend to the throne in these kingdoms. The author concludes that women had political weight during this time. They contributed, even if sometimes indirectly, to the evolution of the states where they lived and they made themselves a place in history.
From the Paper
"The queens of medieval Western Europe were present in almost each and every state, from the Scandinavian kingdoms to Spain and from England to Hungary. Their power was sometimes only in name, other times they had the real attributes of the kings. They got involved in political battles and plots, being (in some of the cases) real partners of their kings and having specific duties or true rulers, in name and in fact, of their empire. The medieval Byzantium is a stage for powerful empresses, from Theodora, in the sixth century and Irene, in the eighth to Anne of Savoy, in the fourteenth century. The first two empresses played an important part in the iconoclastic debate, their role being grounded in the "interstices of Byzantine society, in myths, in liturgical practices and religious beliefs and the symbols surrounding them, which they could draw upon" . Acting on two contemporary "stages" - the religious influence and the direct ruling, the empresses of the Eastern Roman Empire constituted exceptional figures, influencing and directing the politics of their times."
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The Jews of Medieval Europe, 2006.
A history of the Jewish community in Medieval Europe.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the history of the Jewish community in Medieval Europe, particularly in the areas dominated by the Christian rulers and the Church. The paper examines the discrimination and cruel prosecution of the Jews, and the reasons behind this persecution. The paper gives specific examples of their periodic persecution and also discusses their treatment by the Muslim rulers in Spain.
Table of Contents:
The Root Cause of the Bias Against Jews
Jews in the Early Middle Ages
(i) Jewish Community in the Iberian Peninsula
(ii) Money Lending Jews and Isolated Existence
(iii) Prosecution During Crusades
(iv) Later Middle Ages
From the Paper
"Although the Christian crusades in the Middle Ages were primarily directed against their arch enemies--the Muslims, they frequently degenerated into massacres of an easier target--the Jewish communities in Europe. For example, during the First Crusade in 1096 AD, the German crusaders on their way to the East, turned on the flourishing Jewish communities on the Rhine and the Danube and utterly destroyed them."
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Law in Rome and Medieval Europe, 1994.
A discussion of how law, socioeconomics and politics in medieval Western Europe were influenced by the Roman public and private legal system.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The Influence on Roman Law in Medieval Europe
This paper will discuss how law in medieval Western Europe was influenced by Roman law. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the Roman legal system. The second part of the paper will discuss the overall impact Roman law had on medieval Europe. The third part of the paper will examine the effects Roman law had on particular countries.
Roman law is important in European history for several reasons. First, it was the only ancient system of law to consist of a fairly complete, and elaborate, body of law which governed all aspects of Roman life. Legal principles evolved which dealt with commercial transactions, the transfer of property upon marriage and death, the treatment of slaves, and even international relationships, as well as the traditional subjects of injury..."
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Famine and its Causes in Ancient Egypt and Medieval Europe, 2005.
A discussion of the historical role of food in world famines.
2,037 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This thesis discusses the role of food in world famines and delineates how the occurrence of famine has changed with time. Special emphasis is given to various precipitating factors- such as the specific role of certain foods and crops, weather, insects, pollution, ergotism, plague, politics and government- and how they contributed to each instance of famine. For the purpose of clarity, this subject is presented chronologically, first in respect to Ancient Egypt and then to Medieval Europe. Religious, mythical, as well as scientific based causative factors are delineated throughout this chronological narrative.
Introduction
Body of Paper
Egyptian Famines
European Famines
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Famine, or drastic food shortage, has plagued man since time immemorial, causing violent hunger, starvation, disease, and death. Wikipidia.com defines famine as "a phenomenon in which a large percentage of a region or country is undernourished and death by starvation becomes increasingly common" (Wikipidia, 2005). When famine does not kill, it overwhelms its hunger stricken survivors. Survivors, in their desperate attempts to acquire food, have been known to resort to robbing, killing, infanticide, and even cannibalism. Historically, when ancient man had no scientific explanation as to famine's cause, he searched for answers by turning to and seeking solace in myths, folklore, and spirituality. In time, famine made its way into the myths and folklore of various cultures. For example, the ancient Greeks believed that famine was one of the three evils, along with war and pestilence, contained within Pandora's Box, and unleashed onto mankind, once opened (Rodney, 2002). This dreaded phenomenon has been so prevalent throughout history, one need not search far in order to find numerous references to it in literature. Most notably, perhaps, famine is represented in the New Testament as one of the "Four Horseman of the Apocalypse." Thus, while ancient man may not have understood famine's causative factors, he certainly felt the general havoc, death, and destruction left in its wake."
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Medieval Europe and Japan, 2002.
A study of the similarities between the European and Japanese civilizations in the Middle Ages.
1,091 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In the Middle Ages, two civilizations at opposite ends of the globe evolved in a strangely similar manner. The paper looks at the similarities between Western Europe and Japan in the Middle Ages. It shows how both had its feudal age. It discusses how, in Europe, the Roman Catholic Church exerted a powerful influence from Sweden to Italy and in Japan, Buddhist temples and monasteries from Hokkaido to Kyushu. In the West, civilization rebuilt itself after the fall of a great empire, while in the Far East a new nation emerged that modeled itself after the ancient civilization of its powerful neighbor, China.
From the Paper
"On the other side of the world, in Europe, art and architecture only came into their own in the High Middle Ages, that is, the period from about the Twelfth to the Fifteenth Centuries. Medieval engineers discovered the power of the pointed arch and the flying buttress, and built lofty cathedrals and towers of whose walls seemed made entirely out of beautifully patterned stained glass. Many of these structures were almost completely covered with statues of kings and queens, saints, and monsters. This period of cultural fluorescence coincided with the rebirth of the towns, and the full-flowering of the feudal system. Knights and priests developed the code of chivalry with its devotion to honor, justice, and fair play. Troubadours sang of heroic exploits and courtly love ? the unconsummated (at least theoretically) passion of a knight for an unobtainable lady."
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Sewers in Medieval Europe, 1993.
A look at the waste disposal systems in cities of the Middle Ages including human waste, drainage, paving, cesspools and laws.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Sewers and Waste Disposal in Medieval Europe
This paper will examine the sewers and waste disposal systems employed in Medieval European cities. Although all major towns and cities had provisions for drainage and waste disposal, the paper will focus primarily on London and Paris, two of the largest and most modern cities in Europe at that time. In particular, the paper will address each system separately and then discuss how the two systems became intertwined.
Sewers and the disposal of human waste were originally two separate systems. Sewers were originally intended to drain rain and flood water from towns and cities. In fact, some of the sewers in cities such as Paris and London may have originally been constructed by the Romans for just such a purpose, copying a system used in Rome itself. These sewers were nothing more than..."
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Plague in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 2007.
A discussion on how the responses to the plague in medieval and early modern Europe can be best characterized as early examples of the operation of disciplinary power.
2,291 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Michel Foucault's contention of the plague as a historical phenomenon, out of which a controlling, intrusive and discursively powerful form of modern rule emerged in Europe. The paper relates that, from a retrospective look at the responses to the plague in mediaeval and early modern Europe, it is tempting to conclude that the responses represented clear early examples of disciplinary power in action. Moreover, plague regimes appear to have been interventionist, controlling and totalizing. The paper then explains that this view leads to a distorted understanding of power as all-encompassing when, in reality, it was anything but. The paper concludes that it would be historically inaccurate to leave the impression that these plague regimes were omnipotent, for the simple reason that the enforcement of power was a messy, contested and negotiated process. There is also a limit to seeking examples of disciplinary power in a past period that Foucault himself did not necessarily see as completely emblematic of his theory.
Outline:
Introduction
Power as Interventionist and Controlling
Power as Limited and Hyped
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Certainly England did eventually move towards a continental style of control. But this move, instigated under the rule of Charles I, was quickly abandoned following the outbreak of the Civil War. (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.100) Even if this plan had been carried out by the Crown, which had by and large succeeded in setting up pest houses throughout the rest of the kingdom, London would surely have resisted, for it rejected a system of pest houses in favour of continuous home quarantine, which obviated the need for "an extensive and expensive system of workers". (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.126) More significantly, London insisted on relying upon local and national charities as well as normal taxation to fund measures to cope with the plague rather than resort to a special plague tax that would have made the victims of disease wholly dependent on the benevolence of the state - to this extent inhabitants were not subject to the totalizing power of the state. (Naphy and Spicer, 2000, p.126) "
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Witch Hunts of the Medieval Period, 2002.
A discussion of theories to explain witchcraft and its persecutions in Medieval Europe.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Discusses theories to explain witchdraft and its persecutions in Medieval Europe. Political & religious factors. Social conditions of the time. Role of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Church's replacement of witch hunts for the Crusades as a means of creating a common enemy. Contends main purpose of witch hunts was social control. How the witch hunts operated & specific examples. Methods of the Inquisitors.
From the Paper
"In the Medieval period witchcraft emerged from relative obscurity into the forefront of the European social consciousness. The witch-hunts of the Medieval period had the dual effect of demonstrating the power of the Catholic church and the removal of many marginal groups within European society. While the persecution of witches began in the Medieval period, it extended well beyond that, and the period of the greatest persecution was between 1500-1700 A.D. In that period, men and women suspected of being witches were executed by the thousands, but whether they were witches, or even if witches existed, is something that is still the subject of much debate.
There are several theories to explain medieval witchcraft and its persecution, four of which are identified by Jeffrey Russell..."
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Medieval History, 2004.
This paper discusses the medieval history of Europe from 476 to 1648 A.D.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 476 A.D. marks the beginning of ancient Rome's decline into provincialism and the onset of the "Dark Ages," when the people of Europe lived in ignorance because of the loss of precious documents and writings by many notable Roman authors, historians, and philosophers. The author points out four major events between the years 1200 and 1400 A.D. that demonstrate the interconnections of the Europe and other global regions: the Viking conquests and explorations of northern Europe and the shores of North America; the social and political effects of the Crusades; the explorations and discoveries of Marco Polo; and the widespread consequences of the bubonic plague, the Black Death. The paper relates that, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses, a list of grievances against the Roman Catholic Church, to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany, initiating almost three hundred years of strife within Europe and opening the minds of common people to the true nature of the Catholic Church, which allowed them to ponder their own destinies outside the control of the Church.
From the Paper
"Thus, the Crusades helped to bring Western Europe into the modern age and changed forever the face of European society. Yet the third major event brought even more change to not only western Europe but also to Asia, namely the explorations and travels of Marco Polo (1254-1324). The account of his travels and discoveries in The Description of the World (1296), dictated while a prisoner of the Genovese government, covers much geographical area, from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) in the Ottoman Empire to Japan, Siberia and Africa."
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Medieval Surgery, 2002.
A look at surgery in medieval times in Europe.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses medieval surgeons and practices in Europe.
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Crime and Punishment of the Medieval Period, 2003.
An examination of crime trends and punishment methods practiced in medieval Europe.
1,874 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
During the medieval period, order was assembled through an established, organized code called secular law, in which church and state worked hand in hand to create stability within a community. This paper explains how medieval secular law branched from a mixture of Roman and Germanic barbarian law and interwove with the Christian doctrine. This secular law had been handed down from one illiterate generation to another in the collective consciousness of the community. The possession of the right to dispense law and justice did not necessarily restrain self-interest, nor did it promote in the possessor any interest in behaving accordingly. Vengeance was often the only remedy known to secular law and was regularly enacted, often out of proportion to the original transgression.
From the Paper
"Medieval Europe has been greatly dramatized by our modern culture, celebrating and exploring these centuries with a critical sense of awe. On the one hand we now portray the Medieval era as a romantically simple time, and on the other hand as a brutish time of ignorance and cruelty. Both of these stereotypes do have some basis in fact. The Medieval period was characterized by lives that were, as Hobbes would say, ?nasty, brutish, and short,? but there was an overarching sense of sublime artistic merit to the cruelties of this period. Some of the most fascinating events of the era are in the field of crime and punishment."
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