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Isolation and Purification of Muscle Proteins, 2008.
This paper discusses the isolation and purification of actin and myosin in skeletal myofibrils.
1,791 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that in the set of experiments discussed in the paper, myosin and actomyosin were isolated and gradually purified from rabbit muscle myofibrils. The two proteins were initially precipitated together out of solution, in order to remove any impurities. Then, the two proteins could be separated from each other, by taking advantage of differential solubility. The writer notes that after each time they were re-suspended or redissolved, the solutions were centrifuged in order to further improve purity. Any solution containing the contractile proteins or ATP were kept on ice during the experiments, and stored in a freezer at all other times. The writer discusses that using the Bradford protein assay and the SDS-PAGE, the concentrations and weights of the purified proteins in the final solutions were measured. For all protein samples, no appreciable concentration of protein could be detected after diluting the samples by 100 times. However, the other two dilutions yielded normal results.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"The head of the myosin is the part which interacts with the other molecules. Without ATP, the myosin head is bound tightly to the actin, called the rigor state. However, ATP weakens this interaction by opening a cleft in the myosin head and disrupting the actin-binding site. When the myosin head is free of actin, it hydrolyzes ATP to ADP. This causes a conformational change in the head that moves it to a new position, closer to the (+) end of the actin filament, (away from the origin site) where it reattaches. The dissociation of the phosphate from ATP also causes a conformational change, this time in the myosin head. As a result, myosin returns to its original state (the rigor state). Because myosin is still bound to actin, this conformational change exerts a force that causes myosin to move the actin filament. This is the power stroke. Essentially, contraction is a series of these power strokes by the actomyosin complex, the myosin head is moving along the actin filament through constant detachment and reattachment."
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Isolation and Purification of Lysozyme, 2007.
This paper looks at an experiment in an enzyme purification lab for the purification of lysozyme.
2,117 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that in this experiment, lysozyme was purified from egg white solution into 24 fractions using gel column chromatography. The writer points out that the odd-numbered fractions were then assayed in order to determine the enzymatic activity of lysozyme, while the even-numbered fractions were assayed for total protein content, using the Bradford protein assay procedure. The writer notes that lysozyme is one of the most well-known enzymes, being abundant in mucus, tears, and albumen (commonly known as egg white).
The writer concludes that the purification of lysozyme from egg white was only somewhat successful since the estimated value of the molecular weight, 14.25 kDa, is practically the same as the known weight of 14.3 kDa. However, the specific activity, calculated at 400 units/mg, was significantly less than the expected specific activity of 25 000 units/mg of protein.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lysozyme is itself composed of 129 amino acids, including four disulfide bridges and three sets of alpha helices. The enzyme's active site consists of a long groove that can hold as many as six polysaccharides. According to past experiments, specific activity of lysozyme from egg white is approximately 25 000 units/mg. This is the expected result for this experiment. However, one factor that influences the specific activity is the actual column and type of chromatography being used, since accuracy differs among the different types of chromatographies. Therefore, some are able to purify enzymes better than others, giving a more accurate specific activity. In addition to obtaining the specific activity, molecular weight of the enzyme can be determined by comparing the fraction in which most of the enzyme eluted with the fractionation range."
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Muscle Systems, 2004.
Describes the four special functional characteristics of muscle that are the basis for muscle response.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the muscle system. It examines the functional characteristics used to describe muscles, indirect and direct muscle attachments and the role of acetylcholinesterase in muscle cell contraction. It defines a motor unit, describes the three types of muscle fibers, gives the criteria for naming muscles, and explains first-, second- and third-class levers.
From the Paper
"The four special functional characteristics of muscle that are the basis for muscle response are contractility, excitability, extensibility and elasticity. Muscle Contractility allows a muscle to shorten with force, to lengthen passively and to move. Excitability allows a muscle to respond to a stimulus and to maintain chemical potentials across its cell membranes. Extensibility allows a muscle to be stretched repeatedly and considerably as needed without being damaged. Elasticity allows a..."
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Skeletal Muscle, 1993.
Looks at the function, composition and structure of skeletal muscle and its role in exercise. Other points discusses are sarcomeres, T-tubules and proteins.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 14 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" Skeletal Muscle
Perhaps the most important topic in the field of exercise physiology is the muscular system. Skeletal muscles enable the organism to move. Through an in depth analyses of muscle structure, the specific mechanisms behind its function may be elucidated. It is its architecture which enables skeletal muscle to contract and relax; two processes which not only function statically, but may also have the capacity for change.
Three types of muscle are known to exist in man and animals: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle (9:3.4). Skeletal muscle..which connects to bones and joints..is typically activated by motoneurons (5:121). These muscles allow for locomotion and the performance of work (13:205). In addition, they account for over a quarter of the body's weight and the.."
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Social Isolation, 2007.
This paper discuses social isolation as an issue in the case of a 20-year old named Mark who is exhibiting symptoms of schizophrenia.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that it is not the illness of schizophrenia that will cause the person in this case study on mental illness the most hardship, but rather society and his own response to his diagnosis in the form of social isolation. The author points out social isolation is related to stigma, which any patient with mental illness or dementia is certain to experience. The paper relates that the origins of both stigma and social isolation are found in the labeling process. The author stresses that social isolation creates very serious problems for treatment and recovery. The paper concludes that the main role of nursing in relation to social isolation must be a response to the patient's and the family's needs for understanding, support and health teaching.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Issue: Social Isolation
Therapeutic Intervention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At the same time, the labeling process which instigates the entire experience of social isolation produces a massive impact on the patient by not merely providing a diagnosis but imposing a new identity. Deegan (1993), herself a patient with schizophrenia, maintains that the label of mental illness arrives as a package plan which ensures that the patient will be utterly alone. Social isolation begins in the health care system because health care providers tend to confuse the person with the symptoms. The patient is forced to perceive themselves as health care providers view them through the label that comes with diagnosis."
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Isolation in American Literature, 2006.
An analysis of the theme of isolation within three classic American novels: "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald and J. Alfred Prufrock's "The Love Song".
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the novels "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck, "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald and J. Alfred Prufrock's "The Love Song", focusing on the theme of isolation in America. The author explains that each of these three novels, in their own way, addresses how America is the land of freedom and open spaces, of boundless dreams and opportunities, but is also the land of "keeping up with the Joneses" and distances too vast to be bridged by mere mortals. The paper shows that, while the causes and the results are different in each book, isolation remains a motivating factor and determinant of individual characters' destiny. The paper begins with an assessment of "The Grapes of Wrath", demonstrating how it deals with isolation in its broadest sense - the isolation of one individual from the rest of humanity. Then the paper discusses "The Great Gatsby", which addresses the breaking apart of humanity on a much more individual level. The most isolating experience is depicted in "The Love Song", the paper concludes, which depicts the isolation experienced by every modern day individual.
From the Paper
"Though T.S. Eliot treats us to an image of movement, and change, the metaphor he gives us is that of a "patient etherized on a table." Immediately, we have the sense that all of those wanderings are the stuff of dreams and fantasy. It is as if we are privy to the goings-on inside Alfred J. Prufrock's head. Symbolic of the intense isolation experienced by modern men and women is also the fact that, in those same lines, nothing without ourselves is ever distinctly heard or observed. We hear "mutterings," and see few people on the streets. The "one-night hotels" speak of transience, and of pleasures taken on the sly. Prostitutes are frequently associated with such places. Does Prufrock mean to infer that all the pleasures of the modern age are no better than the mercenary delights offered by a prostitute? Do we purchase even our own happiness? Nor must one forget the isolation of the prostitute. She is isolated from "good society." She is also isolated from her customers, many of whom she will never really know, and probably never see again. Those who patronize her, too, engage in a thoroughly anonymous experience."
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Muscle Car Culture, 2001.
This paper studies the rise and fall of the muscle car culture.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper studies muscle cars and their accompanying culture. It details the emergence of muscle cars in the 1960's and how the industry met the public needs, and their fall in the 1970's. It concludes that the enforcement of government emissions standards, combined with the switch to lower octane gasoline eventually lead to the death of the muscle car.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Industry
Individuality
Muscle Cars Emerge
The End of an Era
Conclusion
Interview
From the Paper
"Car culture has been around as long as the automobile. For over 100 years the automobile has been an icon in American history and in people?s lives. People have a long history of defining themselves by the car they drive, and judging others in this same way. What you drive can mean different things to different people, but it always means something. It reflects financial and social status, as well as personal expression. For people who wanted to be thought of as sexy, bold, and fast?the muscle car was the answer. After the end of World War II, Americans became obsessed with the automobile. Suddenly, cars become more than just tools, more for just transportation?they became identity to some people. People were what they drove. ?It was only natural that such a state of devotion to an inanimate/animate object should lead to a prominent sub-culture of super-fanatics.? (Anselmi, 1984) That love of the automobile became the catalyst for securing its place into pop culture and ultimately what has been the driving force behind the auto industry ever since. The muscle car was conceived by this driving force."
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Isolation in Literature, 2002.
A look at the theme of isolation in William Shakespeare's "Othello", Homer's "Odyssey", and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight".
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the theme of isolation is presented both as a corrupting influence and as positive influence by eminent authors. It analyzes William Shakespeare's "Othello", Homer's "Odyssey", and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", and compares how the three different stories treat the concept of isolation in different manner. It demonstrates how isolation has the capacity to create different responses from people because, in "Othello", it creates mistrust and fear, while in the "Odyssey", it creates the deepening of love. It also shows how, in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", the power of isolation to lead oneself to sin is depicted very clearly.
From the Paper
"Shakespeare uses isolation to heighten the difficulties of a man who mistrusts his wife. In Othello, isolation is a theme that is used to show that self isolation is often dangerous than useful. In Othello, the central characters after moving into Cyprus are isolated from the rest of the world. Perhaps Shakespeare could have used this isolation of the characters to highlight only the main characters who could play important roles till the end of the play. We can however find the widening gap between Othello and Desdemona in the play and it happens when they are isolated and do not have any peacemaker amidst them. Shakespeare uses the physical distance between Othello and his wife to highlight the fact that differences in opinion, if not attended to, would snowball into bigger issues that would be difficult to handle eventually. "
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Senior Isolation, 2007.
A discussion on the isolation from community and family that is often experienced by the elderly.
778 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how senior citizens typically live alone and often find themselves isolated from family and the community. The paper explores how isolation may be caused by the death of a spouse or by the death of close friends and family members. The paper further examines how senior citizens may feel isolated due to employment retirement or chronic illness that may keep them from involvement in social activities. The paper analyzes how isolation may lead to a variety of negative effects. The paper concludes that social services can help by providing isolated seniors with meals on wheels programs, shopping buses, transportation to faith-based multi-service centers, fitness and health centers, as well as education programs.
From the Paper
"This isolation leads many seniors to develop alcohol and drug problems late in life, at a time when they are most vulnerable to medical conditions (Doup). The elderly make up some 11 percent of the U.S. population, yet they take more than 35 percent of the drugs prescribed, such as blood pressure medication, sleep medication, and tranquilizers, all of which created a toxic cocktail when mixed with alcohol, causing everything from dizziness to death (Doup). One of the most significant physiologic consequences of alcohol use in seniors is the effect on the cardiovascular system, because anginal pain may be deadened and/or ignored, leading to myocardial infarction (Bosworth)."
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Isolation in Literature, 2002.
Examines the theme of isolation in George Orwell's "Animal Farm" and Michael Ondaatje's "The English Patient".
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Isolation in literature is necessary for the development of the hero, of the protagonist and of societies depicted. Isolation gives the characters the excuse they need to focus on themselves in a very intense manner. This paper examines the use of literary isolation in terms of character identity and political transformation in "Animal Farm", by George Orwell, and "The English Patient", by Michael Ondaatje.
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Technology and Social Isolation, 2005.
A discussion into the effects of social isolation and technology's contribution to it.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses technology and social isolation. The paper discusses how humans are essentially social creatures and the harm that can be done by keeping a person in isolation, for example, prisoners of war. It then discusses the ways in which technology has contributed to to social isolation and the problems this is causing for teenagers.
From the Paper
"Technology and Social Isolation Humans are social creatures. We are used to living and spending time with other people, like family and friends. Isolation from others can have an extremely negative impact on an individual. That is why the prisoners of war for example were often kept in isolation. For humans, being isolated can cause psychological problems like depression and loneliness. Unfortunately, technology contributes in a great extent to social isolation. Many of the activities that are taking more and more time in our lives are causing social isolation. Social isolation can become a big problem especially for teenagers and young people. "
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Proteins, Carbohydrates and Lipids, 2004.
An overview of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, detailing their structure and functions in the body.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an introduction to the chemical substances of life: proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. It describes how proteins are formed, their primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure, and gives examples of protein use in the human body. The paper also describes mono- and poly-saccharides, their structure, reactions, and functions in the human body. Lastly it describes lipids and fatty acids and their functions in the human body.
From the Paper
"Proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and some may also contain sulfur. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. There are twenty essential amino acids found in cells and some proteins contain special amino acids which are derived from the essential twenty by a change in their constituents. They contain an amino group at one end (NH) and a hydroxyl group at the other (OH) and in between there is a carbon atom with one hydrogen and.
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Marketing Plan for Water Purification in India, 2008.
A presentation of the issues affecting a marketing plan for a new water purification system for India.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a marketing plan for a water purification system for use in India. The paper cites the need for this water purification system and enumerates the current problems in India with providing clean water. It also describes the competitors and risks to the system, pricing and distribution. Finally, the paper discusses advertising and budgetary issues.
Table of Contents:
Product Description and Introduction
Goals and Strategy
Target Market
Competitors/Risks
Pricing
Channels of Distribution
Advertising, Sales Plans, PR Plans
Budget for Three Years
Budget
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It has cost $600 million in R&D to develop the product, and set up manufacturing operations in India. Our operational costs will be another $100 million annually. We are working on a fixed cost of $30 per unit, and initially $15 for marginal cost for a profit of $5 for each unit. Our advertising cost will be $40 million per year. Our profit will be $5 each unit. However, we are anticipating a operating loss our first year setting our sales at 100million units. We will make up that loss over the year two years, making 2million which still puts us as a net loss for year two, but recouping our investment in year three, by selling 200,000 units (a 50,000 increase in sales each year) In year three, we will make $260 million, which will make up for our $16million loss in year one."
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The Theme of Isolation in Wharton's "Ethan Frome", 2005.
Describes how the harshness of the cold and isolation of winter is symbolic of Ethan's defeated vitality in this novel by Edith Wharton.
1,184 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The theme of isolation winds its way through the entirety of Edith Wharton's novel "Ethan Frome". The paper shows that from the name of the old farmhouse where Ethan resides, to the desperation to leave said isolation, the reader is able to see the impact that seclusion has on the characters of "Ethan Frome".
From the Paper
"As the reader begins to develop this sense of isolation in the novel, they also begin to see certain events that keep these characters from breaking out of the inevitable seclusion. It seems as thought Ethan sacrifices his freedom as a result of his fear of isolation, which creates a unrelenting and vicious cycle of bleak events. For example, chapter 8 opens with a description of Ethan's cold and barren room. He once did have warmth in the room, but felt it necessary to give the stove which kept his room liveable to Mattie when she came to visit. As a result, Ethan was forced to live in the unbearable cold, which the narrator described as "uninhabitable for several months out of the year" (66)."
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The Theme of Isolation, 2004.
Discusses the theme of isolation in three famous pieces of literature.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the theme of isolation in Shakespeare's "Othello", Homer's "Odyssey", and in "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight". The paper looks at how the theme of isolation is treated as either a corrupting influence or a positive influence by the respective authors.
From the Paper
"Almost all worthy pieces of literature deal with the question of isolation of the lead characters. Isolation of the hero is used for many reasons. It can be used to create a setting where the hero is questioned or tested for his moral courage. It may also be used for soliloquy where the hero uses the time for self-reflection and self-analysis. It may be seen that isolation as a theme has been used by many literary experts to aggravate the difficulties of the characters because there is a general belief that isolation increases the problem of a person. Isolation allows a person to be his natural self and so he lets down his ostentatious pomp and ceremony, which actually makes him conform to his animal desires. Isolation is also seen as a punishment that tempts men to perform acts that would not be true to their honor. However, isolation is also a tool that enhances the love between people who are distant from each other because it is seen that pure love only gets enhanced by being isolated. The pangs that one has for his love are enhanced by isolation. So it can be seen that isolation is presented both as a corrupting influence as well as positive influence by eminent authors."
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