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"Irrigating Crops With Seawater" ( E.P. Glenn, J.J. Brown and J.W. O'leary ), 1999.
Reviews this article on experimental study testing feasibility of such irrigation.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Glenn, Brown, and O'Leary (1998) conducted an experimental study to find and develop crops which could be irrigated by seawater. As the population of the earth increases, the production of food becomes more and more of a problem in order to feed this growing number of people. One of the specific problems facing agriculturalists is the need for water. Fresh water is needed not only for irrigation but also for other human activities, and there is no process that is effective enough at desalinization to provide the volume of water human beings need. The authors also note that the top five plants eaten by people cannot tolerate salt, and these are wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, and soybeans. Since finding enough land and water to produce the foods needed by the world is an urgent problem, the authors ask how the supply of food can be augmented. They answer that one ..."
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Groundwater and Seawater, 2004.
An analysis of the relationship between groundwater and seawater.
8,338 words (approx. 33.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, $ 177.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the interaction between groundwater and seawater and thoroughly analyzes the condition of seawater intrusion in groundwater. It outlines the adverse effects of the seawater-groundwater interaction and proposes methods through which this situation can be solved. It also highlights various mathematical equations, which are used to reach analytical solutions. The trend of fresh water, seawater, and groundwater are discussed to scrutinize each water body behavior with respect to one another. The effects of seawater upon groundwater, contaminants, and soil are also judged. The paper also emphasizes some true-to-life examples of various countries that are facing these problems with their groundwater tables and taking appropriate measure ,such as implanting groundwater-replenishing systems in order to preserve their sources of water. Sources of contamination and their effects are also discussed in detail.
From the Paper
"As ground waters are present almost every where, the interactions between ground waters and seawater rely greatly upon the physiographic and climatic milieu of the landscape. As a result of tidal fluctuation, ground waters and seawater are always in consistent communication with each other. This has given rise to various hydrological, engineering and environmental problems. ?These include coastal aquifer parameter estimation, beach de-watering, marine retaining structures, and seawater intrusion fluctuations?."
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Global Warming and Decreased Crops, 2007.
This paper examines the relationship between global warming and decreased crop production.
998 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, as the Earth's average temperature rises, crop production decreases. The paper notes the significance of a decrease in crop production and provides a literature review. The paper shows how, in general, global warming has a negative effect on crop production and the unpredictability of climatic change can also have a negative effect on crop production when farmers are ill-prepared. The paper points out, however, that although many crops will suffer, certain crops such as winter wheat seem to thrive in the global warming models.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Conceptualization
Journal Article Summaries
Summary
From the Paper
"Peng et al. (2004) explore the affect of higher night temperatures, from global warming, on rice production. They evaluated these effects by a direct study on the effects of global warming on crop production, by analyzing weather data at the International Rice Research Institute Farm, from the years 1979 to 2003. They examined temperature trends and how they related to rice yield, by using the data obtained from irrigated field experiments, that were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute Farm. The researchers found that rice production fell 10 percent for each 1o C increase in minimum temperature. However, maximum temperature had an insignificant effect on crop yield. Therefore the researchers concluded that there was direct evidence that rice yields decreased with increased nighttime temperature associated with global warming."
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Genetically Modified ( GM ) Crops, 2002.
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Discusses the importance of GM crops to worldwide farming. Division among people regarding use of GM plants. Benefits vs. ecological disasters. Safety issue. Review of recent studies on use of GM plants in the farm setting. Goal of GM crops toreduce need for pesticides. Harm to beneficial organisms.
From the Paper
"Introduction:
According to an article in Scientific America, genetically Modified (GM) crops are becoming an important part of worldwide farming with approximately 109 million acres under cultivation (Brown, 2001). However, most of the farmland is in the US (68%) and Argentina (23%), and the most common GM crops are soybean (36%), corn (7%), cotton (16%), and canola (11%). GM varieties are a major proportion of the total production of soybeans (58%) and corn (23%)(James, 2000).
The development and use of GM plants has divided people into 2 groups. One group believes GM plants offer benefits for both increased production of food and fiber, and decreased use of pesticides and herbicides. The opposing group believes GM plants will cause ecological disaster by inadvertently killing ..."
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Bio-Engineered Crops, 2004.
An examination of the developing field of genetically modified crops.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses genetic modification (GM) farming and analyzes the problems associated with the use of genetically modified food crops by a study of some recent scientific articles, which espouse this viewpoint. The paper contends that the rapid advancements in genomic science have created new possibilities in the fields of agriculture and in the treatment and management of diseases. The biotech revolution characterized by genetically engineered food products is regarded as a boon to the human society, a life-saving solution to manage the food crisis of our globe.
From the Paper
"Altering specific sequences of DNA allows plants to develop resistance to pesticides, resulting in increased yield. Using genetic engineering methods such as electroporation, gene gun, gene silencing and vector mediated transfer, scientists are now able to insert a new gene or control the expression of an already present gene in a plant. [UCS] In a special report from the 'New scientist' the author discusses some of the possibilities of applying genomic science into farming practices. Using these biotech processes scientists have created disease and herbicide resistant crops promising huge increase in productivity. The result of this biotech revolution was amazing. Vitamin boosted rice, Onions without tears, potatoes enriched with proteins, Soya built resistant to pesticides, and even caffeine free coffee became a reality and bio-engineered products offered endless possibilities."
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Genetic Modification of Crops, 2002.
Looks at the many controversial issues surrounding the production and sale of genetically modified crops (GMCs).
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the technology behind genetically modified crops, the potential risks of GMCs, the benefits of GMCs, the criticisms of the arguments used to oppose GMCs, and the general worldwide opinion regarding the use of GMCs.
From the Paper
"But are these crops really so dangerous? The issue of genetic modification of crops is perhaps so vexing and problematic because the United States and the European Community pursue completely different policies regarding the issue. Unlike so many issues of health, both countries have completely different views as to the safety of genetic modification, the US allowing the process, the EU condemning it."
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Genetic Modification of Crops, 2004.
This paper discusses the debate over the global acceptance of genetic modification (GM) of crops.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the American consumer has become comfortable with the debate about the safety of genetically modified seeds, in Europe and Africa, some individuals have labeled imported GM produces as ?eco-terrorist? practices of sabotage by the U.S., preferring to starve rather than to eat this type of food. The author points out that, misguided as it may have been, the African nations' banning of GM seeds was an attempt to set local, national standards for the creation of a form of modern agriculture that was ?right for Africa.? The paper states that one of the problems in much of the world is not a lack of technology, but a lack of government infrastructure.
From the Paper
"Thomas DeGregori sees such hysteria as a form of Luddite technophobia. (DeGregori, 2002, 152). He also sees the African example as a dangerous result of first-world generated fears regarding important new agricultural technology. The capitalism that fueled genetically modified crops that are more resistant to disease and easier to produce in difficult climates, DeGregori suggests, will be the salvation of the world, if only environmentalists will step aside. DeGregori, it must be noted, does not stand alone on the world agricultural state in his fervent belief in the value of capitalism. "
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Genetically Modified Crops, 2007.
This paper discusses the risks vs. the benefits of genetically modified foods.
1,371 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the world-wide debate about genetically modified (GM) crops and explains the advantages and disadvantages of these products. The paper looks at the regulation of genetically modified foods in the United States and Europe and how GM food growth is drawing a political backlash. The paper discusses the powerful opposition of Greenpeace to genetic engineering. The paper concludes that as long as environmental organizations generate fear and doubt among politicians, retailers and the public, it will be almost impossible for the technology to break through, despite its benefits.
Outline:
Introduction
The Science of Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified Foods and Hunger
Genetically Modified Foods and Biodiversity
Research for the Common Good
Growth of Genetic Engineering
Greenpeace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world wide debate about genetically modified crops has been a heated one, pitting biological progress against environmental conservation. The genetically modified foods issue involves complex factors including politics, international trade, and social and cultural norms. Advocates of GM foods say that the increased yields and decreased price of using genetically modified seeds can help to alleviate world hunger. However, progress is being hampered by over cautious environmentalists and consumers, mostly in Europe and Japan. These wealthy areas of the world can afford to take precautions that the starving people of the world cannot, but the preference of consumers in wealthy countries of whole, natural, organic foods is influencing impoverished countries."
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Genetically Engineered Crops, 2001.
Looks at the development & growth of genetically modified food. Examines results and safety standards; proponents & critics.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"For thousands of years, farmers have bred crops and animals to produce better outcomes in terms of crop yields, pest or drought resistance, speed of ripening, or growth rate. Now they are doing it with the aid of biotechnology by using genetically modified organisms to produce their desired results (Maynard, 2000). For instance: a stalk of corn that breeds pest-resistant corn, a potato that becomes resistant to the protein beetle, a strawberry that can withstand frost, and a soybean whose DNA is spliced with that of a petunia to produce a plant engineered to survive otherwise toxic doses of herbicide, are all products of genetically modified plants.
Traditional crossbreeding in plants requires the mixing of thousands of genes in the hopes of developing a plant with the desired trait. With biotechnology, characteristics can be ..."
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The Crop Controversy, 2001.
Explains the effects of genetically modified crops.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This is a detailed descriptive, persuasive paper about the effects of genetically modified crops. The author discusses genetic engineering and clearly defines many difficult biological terms, and how the Food and Drug Administration plays a major role in the legalization of genetically modified crops.
From the Paper
"Genetically engineered crops have killed dozens of people throughout the United States of America and Europe , and have harmed thousands of others. Governments of the world should outlaw genetically modified agricultural products to ensure that no other lives will be susceptible to the same type of danger. Scientists first designed genetically altered crops to resist herbicides. Genetically modified crops were also not intended for human consumption. In fact, they were intended for better yields, resistance to herbicides, and cheaper feed for livestock, such as cattle, sheep, poultry, etc. The FDA is now investigating genetically modified crops to see if they should ban them in the United States of America ."
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"A & P", 2008.
An analysis of generational conflict and adult decision-making in John Updike's short story "A & P".
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the short story "A & P", by John Updike, first published in 1962, focuses on a moral/social dilemma suddenly, unexpectedly experienced one summer afternoon by a teenage boy, Sammy, who works as a check-out clerk at the neighborhood grocery store, the A & P. In particular, the paper looks at how "A & P" focuses on the tension Sammy feels between allegiance to A & P; his boss, and by association, his parents, and the rights of three teenage girls to dress as they please inside the store.
From the Paper
" Sammy's tone as narrator is intended by the author to sound (and it does) more rebellious; irreverent and sarcastic than Sammy himself actually is, deep down. True, he is just a teen, and is probably just starting to even think for himself; in giving him voice, John Updike therefore, obviously and effectively, employs teenage idioms and cadences of the time. Still, though he does not speak like one, Sammy is a person of reflectivity and conscience, e.g., he recognizes to himself his real concern, at story's-end, about how the decision he has made will impact his family in this small, obviously judgmental community, and only after that about how it may impact himself now and later. "
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Proctor and Gamble (P&G) India, 2006.
This paper is a marketing study to analyze Proctor & Gamble's (P&G) launch of its Bounty paper towels into India.
5,685 words (approx. 22.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Proctor and Gamble (P&G) has had a presence in India for nearly 15 years, it has not yet marketed its globally very successful Bounty paper towel product in this country. The author points out that, because currently in India paper towels have a very limited presence and because Indian families are often very traditional in their ways of living and culture, Bounty would have to become one of their social preferences for cleaning spillage and messes. The paper recommends that P&G 'piggyback' Bounty paper towels on existing distribution channels used for P&G's other household items and that the marketing team for this product should be made up of existing P&G India employees.
Table of Contents:
The Business Concept
Why Export?
Sources of Information
The Target Market
Size and Dynamics
Competitors
Customers
Market Objectives
Pricing Strategy
The Product
Market Entry
The Political Environment
The Business Environment
Entry Strategy
Sales and Distribution
Positioning and Messages
Possible Marketing Techniques
Implementation
From the Paper
"One of the most prominent manufacturers of paper towel products in India is the Kimberly-Clark Lever (K-C) Company. K-C has annual sales of US$15.1 billion and distributes its products in more than 150 countries. K-C specializes in manufacturing paper products and has launched Kleenex and Scott brand paper towels in India. K-C has saturated 17% market share in the Indian paper products market. These products have features such as quilted embroidery that allow for quick absorption. Also, the paper towels are packaged as single sheets as opposed to rolls."
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The Four P's of Marketing, 2002.
An explanation of the four P's of marketing, using American Airlines as an example.
1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the aviation industry from a marketing standpoint. The writer explores the four P?s of marketing and uses American Airlines as an example of marketing strategies with the four P?s. The paper explains that the four P's are price, product, place and promotion. The focus remains on selling the consumer through marketing with the four P?s.
From the Paper
"Airlines have been the redheaded stepchild of the travel industry for several years. Companies are filing bankruptcy, restructuring and other things trying to stay afloat. In their quest to survive they often test the limits of regulations and have landed in court over those tests. One such incident happened when the federal government of the United States filed a suit against American Airlines claiming the airline was using a practice called ?predatory pricing? to lure customers to them as an exclusive airline choice."
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Global Warming and Crop Production, 2007.
A review of the literature related to global warming and expected decreases in crop production.
3,038 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that as global warming causes the earth's average temperatures to rise, crop production will experience a decrease. The paper discusses how temperature extremes have been shown to dramatically reduce the agricultural productivity potential. The paper relates that technology will play an important part in the production of crops and wealthier countries will be better prepared for technological supports. The paper points out that while there are conflicting reports concerning the specific effects of global warming and climate change, it is clear that farmers must be willing to enter a process that includes ongoing assessment and adaptation to the changes that are occurring.
Outline:
Statement of Topic
Statement of Thesis
Conceptualization
Literature Review
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"One important factor to crop production, and specifically fruit crop production is that failures are likely to occur due to the early growth of these crops in warmer weather resulting in the loss of crops due to cold snaps. This has been noted in the research in the foregoing literature. As well, there are agriculture crops that will initially be more productive however, the literature in the foregoing review has illustrated the likelihood that in the longer run, crops certain crops will be less productive due to higher temperatures."
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John Updike?s "A & P"., 2004.
An analysis of the themes of women's empowerment and modern vs. traditional American society in John Updike?s "A & P".
788 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the short story, "A & P" by John Updike, chronicles contemporary American society and how it treats issues of social stratification among members of the society. It looks at how, written in the 1960s, "A & P" provides an insightful look at the dynamics of gender and socio-economic differences of people in American society. It also explores how it discusses issues on social stratification from the viewpoint of Sammy, a young man who works at the store, "A & P". In particular, it shows how Sammy?s character is an interesting and essential factor for the issue of social stratification because he serves as Updike?s ?commentator? on sensitive issues, such as gender discrimination on women and the snobbish and oppressive nature of the elite class in the society.
From the Paper
"The first theme discussed in the short story is the issue of gender discrimination among women. In the story, Sammy serves as the ?male chauvinist? character, providing an explicit description of the three young women he encounters in the convenience store. Initially, audiences would react at the seemingly sexist comments of Sammy, wherein he looks at the young women?s physical attributes only and making unpleasant remarks at them (through his narration to the reader)."
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