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The Iraq War and the Presidential Election, 2004.
An examination of how issues of safety affected the outcome of the 2004 presidential election in the United States.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The months leading up to the 2004 presidential election between John Kerry and George W. Bush were filled with commentaries and speculations as to what issues most concerned voters. This paper shows that, from a vast array of topics such as health care, employment, social security, taxes, abortion and gay rights, voters at the polls on November 2 proved that what they were most concerned about was safety, thus homeland security and the Iraq war took center stage over all the other societal issues.
From the Paper
"In an October 30, 2004 article for Newsday, Ken Fireman said that during the last days of the campaign, Bush returned to the theme that has sustained him throughout the year: "that he will be more resolute and aggressive than Kerry in battling the terrorists who struck the country on September 11, 2001" and was aided in pressing this theme home by the sudden reappearance of Osama bin Laden on tape outlining his reasons for ordering the September 11th attacks (Fireman 2004). In contrast, Kerry talked about refocusing his campaign on domestic issues such as jobs and health care, yet never quite managed to do so, and has continually been drawn back into exchanges about Bush's handling of Iraq and the war on terror (Fireman 2004)."
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War in Iraq War on Terror, 2007.
A discussion of how the war in Iraq and war on terror became linked as election issues.
2,646 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author argues that the war in Iraq was utilized as a persuasive tool to win an election, in which the war was linked to the more global and less definable "war on terrorism." The author further contends that in the 2004 presidential elections the voters were seeking security, and therefore they linked the two issues. This paper demonstrates that the war on terror and the war in Iraq are not connected and in fact contraindicated for the long term safety of the US, specifically with regard to future acts of terrorism. Salient quotes from primary and secondary sources are used to support the author's thesis.
From the Paper
"The importance and reality of this link are now being questioned at every level. People, in both high and low places are questioning the validity of the connection and asking if this aggressive move, on the part of the US, even in the face of much international opposition was in fact appropriate to improve security in the US and her interests all over the world. The political positioning that has become increasingly obvious has undermined the faith of individuals in the nature and necessity of the War in Iraq, as people feel they were sold a bill of goods, rather than leveled with in regards to the strategic importance of the Iraq in the global war on terrorism in both the short and log term. In fact this work argues that the only connection between the war on terrorism and the War on Iraq is that the later has and will continue to serve to increase terrorist activities and actions against the US, no matter how the government spins it."
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The 2004 U.S. Presidential Election, 2005.
This paper discusses the 2004 U.S. Presidential election, including background, election results and an assessment of what each campaign did right and wrong.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the 2004 Presidential elections were not as contentious as the 2000 election and may not go down in history as one of the worst election in history, it certainly changed the way many politicians look at elections and the way the Democratic Party will attack elections in the future. The author points out that the campaign issues were quite clear and quite emotional on both sides: President Bush ran on a conservative ticket, opposing moral issues such as gay-marriage, abortion and gun control: whereas, Senator Kerry's focused on the positive and was far more liberal on just about every issue, from gay marriage to foreign policy. The paper states that Senator Kerry's campaign could not rouse the American people as much as President Bush's could and it seems that many of Kerry's supporters and political advisors did not know how to advise Kerry; therefore, he seemed to "flip-flop" on many of his positions.
From the Paper
"Election week was a flurry of campaigning, political ads, and polls. In the Showdown States, many voters complained of numerous phone calls and in-person visits from both parties, along with many special interest groups who were employing every measure they could in a last ditch effort to elect their specific candidate. The polls showed the election was extremely close (nearly 50-50), and so, the campaigning was much more intense than many people remembered in previous years. The battle for electoral votes seemed all in Kerry's favor early in the election results, when many East Coast polls closed. Kerry won in many East Coast states, including New York and Massachusetts, but Bush carried the states in the Midwest, such as Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and of course, Ohio. These states tend to be more conservative in their outlook, and are traditionally Republican strongholds, and this was the case in 2004."
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The Presidential Election of 1992, 2005.
This paper discusses the close 1992 presidential election between challenger Bill Clinton and incumbent President George Bush (I), which was complicated by the third candidate Ross Perot.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in light of his post-war approval rating, a win for Bush should have been an easy victory; however, William Clinton, the Democratic challenger, brought to the campaign a straightforward economic campaign, which appealed to the voters because, following the Iraq war, the United States was in a deep recession. The author points out that Bush's campaign of focusing on his experience and trust used by incumbents throughout history; furthermore, Bush brought Clinton's credibility into question, in terms of his lack of military service and other issues. The paper relates that Bush refused to believe that an economic recovery was not occurring, despite higher unemployment and the lowest interest rates since the Kennedy presidency; the result was one of the closest elections: Clinton was elected president.
From the Paper
"It is important to first understand the incumbent's reliance on his popularity in the era of a victory in Iraq, and in the post-cold war atmosphere. In 1992, the American population found themselves in a changed world, where the Berlin Wall and intercontinental missiles no longer existed. The Soviet Union was no longer united, Germany had become united, and the threat of nuclear conflict, so long a staple of the American psyche, had disappeared. Bush had recently completed a successful military attack in Iraq, showing the power and force of the American military."
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Presidential Election and TV, 2006.
An analysis of the effect of television on voting outcomes during a presidential election.
4,394 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect that television has on the voting public at the time of a presidential election. It focuses on how much viewers are influenced by what they see and hear on the television. The paper examines the question of whether or not voters make their decisions based on an understanding of the issues, or if issues no longer count in the presidential race, but rather votes are bought by professional image makers, pollsters and spin doctors.
From the Paper
"Since it first began, communication research has gone through a number of different phases. Early work sought to uncover evidence of a strong, direct media influence that led to changes in individuals' behavior. When voting studies in the 1940s and 1950s found that the findings were mixed on the effect of this persuasive influence, mass communications researchers focused on understanding more about the nature effects and the more subtle aspects of the mass media's influence."
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2000 Presidential Election, 2004.
Looks at the legal consequences of the U.S. Supreme Court decision regarding the Presidential elections in 2000.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the 2000 Presidential elections blurred the lines between the three branches of government and made expediency of more importance than rule of law. The paper also points out that, at the time the decision was made, the majority of the justices of the Supreme Court had been appointed by Republican presidents, either Reagan or Bush Sr. The paper also talks about the importance of precedence in Supreme Court rulings and how the decision made by the Supreme Court on the 2000 elections will have a ?trickle down? effect not only on subsequent sitting Supreme Court decisions, but on the character of decisions made generally in the courts of the United States.
From the Paper
"The dissenting opinions make it clear that the dissenters were acting on the principles set out in the Constitution, and according to the proper Constitutional structure and field of action of each branch of government. Justice Souter, agreeing with Justices Stevens, Ginsburg and Breyer, noted that the three issues before them were ?straightforward.? Among those issues were whether the Florida Supreme Court?s interpretation of the election results violated a state law; whether the Florida Supreme Court had exceeded its powers in allowing a recount, and that those powers should have resided in the state?s legislature, and; whether the variety of standards for interpreting the hard-to-read ballots constituted violation of equal protection or due process. Souter dismissed that third claim out of hand."
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2004 Presidential Primary Election, 2004.
This paper presents thumbnail sketches of the 2004, initial, presidential primary election candidates.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when Wesley K. Clark joined the already crowded field of Democratic presidential hopefuls, he offered the Democratic Party a strong candidate with a resume to make other candidates jealous; but his unclear opinion on the war in Iraq, his character, integrity, and temperament were questioned. The paper pointed out that the 2004 election was Richard Gephardt?s second run for the White House, giving him name recognition and a good fund-raising network. The author believes that, for a Democrat to win, the candidate will have to harp on the idea that Bush?s current domestic and international policies are failing, offer viable solutions, and address how they propose to pay for the changes they propose.
Table of Contents
Carol Moseley Braun
Wesley K. Clark
Howard Dean
Sen. John Edwards
Rep. Richard A. Gephardt
Sen. John F. Kerry
Rep. Dennis J. Kucinich
Sen. Joseph Lieberman
Al Sharpton
George W. Bush
From the Paper
"On Carol Moseley Braun?s issues page on her web site she brings her commitment to women?s issues to the forefront. As an Illinois State Legislature, she fought for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and vows to continue fighting for the social justice for all people. Her view on issues includes a single-payer healthcare plan, long-term care and pensions for women and seeking ways for women to break the glass ceiling. She has come out against the war in Iraq, yet she believes that the troops should have American support since they are involved and should not leave. She is strongly against international policies of President Bush, stating his lack of international support for the war and failure to capture Osama bin Laden."
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The 2004 Presidential Election, 2005.
This paper discusses the role of swing voters in Bush's reelected in the 2004 presidential election.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the turnout during the election was up sharply, meaning that both parties did a good job mobilizing their base supporters, leaving the election to the swing voters. The author points out that issues such as gay marriage, pro-life and choice, the selection of Supreme Court justices, the fear of terrorist attacks and the economy played a huge role in how people voted. The paper argues that Bush's campaign simply did a better job at solidifying his base in the South and West with those "good old country values", while Kerry did some "flip-flopping" that hurt his campaign among the swing voters. Charts.
From the Paper
"Thus, in an election this close, one has to pay attention to the campaigns of each candidate. The nature of a campaign is to publicize its candidate and demonstrate his worth for office. Often times this worth is demonstrated simply by trying to prove one candidate better than the other. It has been proven, however, that campaigns do little to actually affect an election. Ideas of anchor partisanship and perceptual screening all feed into the idea that people are set in their views and already hold one candidate higher than the other. This preference plays itself out in a person's decision on all matters including a candidate's actions, speeches, and debates. In Appendix 2 we see how party lines influence our beliefs as to who actually won the presidential debates of 2004. Both candidates were declared victors by their respective party allegiances."
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The Presidential Election and the Supreme Court, 2002.
A look at the Supreme Courts involvement in the 2000 Presidential elections.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the Supreme Court was an issue in the 2000 presidential campaign, what kinds of justices the candidates would be likely to appoint, what the current status of the Court is, what influence the makeup of the Senate has on the process, and whether Supreme Court appointments are likely to have the outcome that the candidate intended.
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Comparing the War in Iraq with the Vietnam War, 2006.
This study examines the similarities of United States policy in regards to the war in Iraq and the Vietnam war.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the war in Iraq and the Vietnam war hold very similar foreign policy agendas, which rely on falsified intelligence information to enact pre-emptive war. The writer explains that the lack of presidential action to halt the War in Iraq further reveals the growing problems of war powers that allow nations, such as the United States, to attack smaller countries without reliable proofs of a threat. Further the writer notes that both president Bush and President Johnson invoke similarities in how war is created and enacted through poor intelligence and aggressive policies toward lesser nations.
From the Paper
"In many ways, the instigation of war through fabricated intelligence was seen in the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which can also be seen in the false intelligence the United States used to launch a War in Iraq. In this manner, both of these wars offer examples of similar wars in that they were based on false intelligence and were preemptive in design. The historical background to the Vietnam conflict was brought on by the rise in anti-communist campaigns, such as those made by McCarthyism in the 50s."
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The Presidential Election of 1840, 2004.
This paper describes the election and its background involving William Henry Harrison for the Whig Party, war hero and Indian fighter (1773-1841), and the incumbent, Martin Van Buren for the Democrats.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the presidential election of 1840, which is considered the very first modern political campaign because of its use of political imagery and widespread advertising. The author points out that the campaign itself was full of political antics and did not specifically focus on the issues that were of great concern for a majority of American voters. The paper reports that, because of the widespread political campaigning of the Whigs, Harrison became the 9th President of the United States in 1841 through what is now known as a landslide.
From the Paper
"Thus, while Congress struggled with four turbulent sessions with Van Buren as President, the Whig Party sought every opportunity to strengthen their cause against the President. Whig victories in many Democratic strongholds in New York City were more than mere political reactions to the financial chaos of the Panic of 1837, for they arrived from substantial political networks and a sophisticated style of electioneering never seen before. Whig managers, such as Thurlow Weed of New York City, were prepared to wage an extensive grassroots campaign to capitalize on the public furor aroused by the Panic. However, Van Buren misread these political signs, for he had developed a stereotypical view of the Whigs as disorganized and amateurish."
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Effects of Religion on the 2000 Presidential Election, 2001.
A discussion of how religion had a significant role in the presidential campaigns of the year 2000 in the U.S.
2,510 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that religion and personal worldview played an increasingly public and important role among candidates and voters during the 2000 Presidential election process in the U.S. The author examines the influence religion had on various political parties such as Democrats, Republicans, and other parties.
From the Paper
"If the only stance one can take in public life is to remain mute about one?s most deeply held beliefs, then the election process is diminished. The American public requires a basis for knowing and evaluating the core values that shape our leaders? actions and policies. Without the increased role of religion in the presidential election process, voters would be forced to speculate as to what the underlying political philosophy of a potential president might be. If values rooted in religious tradition (or any other philosophical worldview, for that matter) are an important element of a candidate?s decision-making process, the public ought to know this. Religious discussion only helps in the selection of good leaders who desire to lead the country down a moral road."
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Presidential Election 2000, 2002.
Discusses the history of presidential campaigning in the United States, focusing on the 2000 elections.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Historically, presidential campaigns have provided a forum for discussing change and expressing uniquely American ideals and ideas. In the past, heated campaigns have generated great excitement. Although the 2000 presidential race has been described as close with an unpredictable outcome, for lack of clear-cut ideals the campaign has stirred little passion among voters. This paper traces the history of presidential campaigning and examines what makes this one unique.
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The 2000 U.S. Presidential Election, 2006.
An analysis of Vice President Gore's concession speech and President George W. Bush's victory speech.
5,250 words (approx. 21.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the Kenneth Burke Pentad approach to analyze the speeches of Vice President Al Gore when he conceded the 2000 presidential election and President George W. Bush when he declared victory. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the contentious nature of the 2000 elections, culminating in the courtroom drama over the recount in Florida. Next, the paper provides a detailed explanation and overview of Burke's pentad approach to communication, which the paper then applies to the two speeches. The paper concludes that while reflected differently, the speeches had essentially the same message: the process is bigger than the person.
I. Introduction
II. Introduction to Kenneth Burke's
Pentad Theory of Persuasive Communication
III. How Ratio Leads to Motive
IV. Perfection
V. The Pentad of the Speeches
1. Gore's Concession
2. Bush's Victory Speech
A. The Act
B. The Scene
C. The Agents
D. The Agency
E. Purpose
VI. Ratio
A. Gore's Ratio
B. Bush's Ratio
VII. Gore's Motive
VIII. Bush's Motive
IX. Perfection
X. Conclusion
From the Paper
"December 13, 2000 concluded a Presidential Election unlike any that proceeded it. The date marked the concession of Vice President Al Gore, to future president George W. Bush. It was the closest United States Presidential Election of all time, and it concluded in the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision of that court would ultimately place the most powerful political position in the world, the Presidency of the United States, to George W. Bush, the governor of Texas. The election was filled with controversy, including an apparent flawed system of voting, a state, Florida, responsible for deciding the election, that was run by the to be President's younger brother, and a mere count of 300 votes that would change the future forever."
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H. Ross Perot and the 1992 Presidential Election, 2002.
A look at the political career of H. Rose Perot.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the dramatic political career of H. Rose Perot and the impact he had on the 1992 presidential election. Included in the discussion is a brief history of third parties in America.
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