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U.S. Policy Toward Iran and Iran, 1999.
Examines the evolution from the 1960s-90s. Discusses leadership, Cold War and the Balance of Power ideologies, the Iran-Iraq War, terrorism, the Persian Gulf War, dual containment and economic issues.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 26 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This research discusses the evolution of American foreign policy toward Iraq and Iran in recent decades. In the 1970s, the United States relied chiefly on Iran, which it supported with economic and military aid to maintain its interests in the region.
From the Paper
"AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD IRAQ AND IRAN
Introduction
This research discusses the evolution of American foreign policy toward Iraq and Iran in recent decades. In the 1970s, the United States relied chiefly on Iran, which it supported with economic and military aid to maintain its interests in the region. After the Khomeini Revolution of 1979 and during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988, it played Iraq and Iran against each other but, as time went by, shifted most of its support to Iraq. During the Persian Gulf War, the United States marshalled a powerful coalition war effort against the Iraqis but stopped short of marching on Baghdad and toppling Saddam Hussein for fear of shifting the power balance in the central Middle East to Iran. Since 1993, the Clinton administration has pursued a policy of ..."
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International Conflict between Iran and the U.S, 2005.
An analysis of the international conflict between Iran and the U.S., focussing on Iran's nuclear proliferation and the ideological differences between the two nations.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conflict that has been brewing between the United States and Iran, which has revolved ostensibly around Iran's possible violations of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The paper shows that the conflict between Iran and the U.S. has been evident in the international policies of both nations. Iran has engaged in a series of political and economic actions that are directed squarely at undermining the U.S.'s international authority. The U.S., in turn, has tried to rally international support, largely through the United Nations Security Council, to control Iran's actions.
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Iran's Foreign Policy, 2007.
An analysis of Iran's foreign policy with regard to its regional support and relations with the United States.
1,527 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of Iran's foreign policy since the fall of the Shah and the Iranian Revolution in 1979. It particularly focuses on its regional influence and its support for terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah, Islamic Jihad and Hamas. The paper then discusses Iran's relations with the United States, particularly following September 11.
Table of Contents:
After the Revolution
Who Makes Iran's Foreign Policy?
The Changing Directions of Iran's Foreign Policy
The US-Iran Relations in the Post 9/11 Scenario
Iran's Support for Terrorist Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The moderate former President Khatami tried to improve Iran's relations with the US as Iran even encouraged its allies in Afghanistan to co-operate with the Americans the Taliban regime after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The relations again turned sour as President Bush declared Iran as part of the "axis of evil." For a short while after the US invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the Iranian regime seemed to be intimidated at the prospect of a similar pre-emptive operation by the US against Iran (Schwartz). The fear was reflected in its sudden start of negotiations with the EU on ending Iran's nuclear program. The window of opportunity was, however, lost when the US insisted on a regime change and the determined insurgency in Iraq took root. The marked difference in behavior of the US against states that had nuclear capability (e.g., North Korea) and those which did not, also convinced the Iranians about the advantage of acquiring a nuclear deterrence; hence the current stand-off on the Iranian nuclear program between Iran and US."
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Iran's Nuclear Program, 2006.
A review of the history of Iran and its quest for nuclear power.
1,667 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of Iran, focusing on whether or not Iran's current pursuit of nuclear energy is really a quest for nuclear power and weapons of mass destruction. The paper discusses the concern that Iran may decide to hand weapons of mass destruction over to terrorists in an effort to export its revolution and looks at how big of threat Iran is to the world.
From the Paper
"With these limitations in mind, the fact that Iran recognizes certain boundaries, one can have some level of comfort in Iran's political sanity amongst the global society. The world can take some ease in the fact that sanctions Iran faces will be felt. Duly, Iran feels the effects of increasing US sanctions to this day. The sanctions continued after the hostage crisis of 1979. Several US acts have since been implemented that were aimed at hurting Iran's economy. In 1996, the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act outlawed any financial relations with Iran or to countries that supported Iran. In the same year, Congress passed the Iran-Libya Sanctions Act (ILSA), which imposed penalties on foreign companies that invested more than 20 million dollars in Iran's oil industry (Byman)."
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Iran, 2007.
A political discussion on Iran.
2,268 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an opinionated discussion on Iran. It highlights examples where Iran has behaved in an unethical manner. It mentions Iran's use of nuclear power, religious fundamentalism and the aim of achieving absolute power at any cost. The author concludes with a subjective view on the future of Iran in context of the world and war.
Table of Contents:
Sources of Instability
Moral Centers of Gravity in Iran
The Most Important Issues to the Iranian Moral Centers of Gravity and Their Objectives
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Iran's negative attitude towards the concept of western democracy was reiterated through the tensions that arose a few years ago, within the framework of the country's relations with the U.S.A., tensions that may degenerate into an armed conflict any time now. The starting point of this dispute was U.S.A.'s supposition of Iran producing nuclear weapons. The latter infirmed American accusations by stating that the single purpose of its nuclear program consisted of generating electricity. Consequently, nuclear power is exclusively used in a research context, being aimed to play a significant role in humanity's scientific progress. On the other hand, Iran's adherence to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) proves once more that the purpose of this activity is a peaceful one. Still, U.S.A. weren't taken in by Iran's categorical statements and remained loyal to their original belief that Iran's handling of nuclear power poses a serious threat. "
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U.S. Foreign Policy on Iran, 2002.
An overview of the background of U.S.-Iranian relations and the rationale of U.S. interests in Iran.
4,025 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a critical look at U.S. Foreign Policy towards Iran to make sense of the situation. First, brief background of US-Iranian relations will be provided, followed by an outlining of the rationale of US interest in Iran. The primary thrust of the paper will look at US policy towards Iran in the post Gulf War era. Specifically, the fundamental question that will be addressed is, how has the Clinton administration viewed Iran, and has the US's 'containment' stance towards Iran been an example of sound foreign policy?
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Women and Iran, 2004.
A look at the changing attitude towards women in Iran from the beginning of the 19th century.
5,887 words (approx. 23.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Iran has, for a long time, been a traditionally conservative nation based on the teachings of Islam. For a brief period, though, there was a prospect of change and liberalization under the visionary rule of the last Shah. With the ruthless onslaught of the Islamic revolution in the year 1979, hardcore fundamentalists seized power and changed the fate of the nation, diminishing all forms of development in all spheres. It looks at how women have long been the subject of oppression and subjugation in the Islamic republic and how, for their part, women have battled the injustice meted out against them. Women?s rights activism in Iran dates back to the 1850s, which saw women reformers campaign for changes and social standing.
Outline
Introduction
Women?s Movements in Iran ? A Brief History
The Role of Women During the Pahlavi Reign
The Islamic Revolution and the Role of Women Since
The Problem of Sex Slavery in Iran
The Women?s Movement and Shirin Ebadi
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The popular revolution was initiated against the secular government of the Shah in the year 1978. Leading the revolution Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini pledged to restore ?Islamic law? in the country which according to him had veered off the teachings of Prophet and Islam. During the reign of Shah Reza Palhavi, women had a more democratic and free role which soon disappeared after the revolution and making of the Islamic republic. They enjoyed equal rights and status. This was however short lived and stood to change after the revolution which brought with it stringent measures and means that were soon to become an integral part of the Iranian social structure. Until the revolution, women were given the right to vote and contest for any public office."
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The Modernization of Iran, 2006.
This paper discusses the effects of Western culture on Iran.
1,374 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The author offers a background of the Iranian Islamic culture and shows how its values are diametrically opposed to Western values. Women,for example, are forbidden to work outside of the home, wear makeup and alcohol and drugs are prohibited. The author shows how Western values have influenced the Iran of today, with many people violating the laws their religion and culture demand. The paper concludes how the modern Iran today is a blend of ancient traditions and modern conveniences that has caused a deep rift in society, with many opposed to the modern Western values.
Outline:
Background Information of Iran Traditional Culture
Evidence of Western Influence
Effects on Iran's Culture
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Iran has a traditional culture based on thousands of years of history in the Middle East. It was the home of the Persian Empire, one of the most successful empires of early history, and it became one of the strongholds of Islam. There are two major religious sects in Iran, the Sunni and the Shiia (or Shi'i) Moslem. There are also a few other religions represented, such as Jews, Christians, and others. Moslem is the chief religion of the culture, and is a major aspect of the culture of the country. In traditional Islamic culture males dominate the family, with women playing little role outside the home. In fact, one writer notes, "in reality, culture and religion are highly interrelated in Iran and have overlapping functions" (Salehi 24). Thus, traditional Iranian culture is steeped in strict religious values and laws, and it has taken great effort for this old-fashioned culture to come into the "modern" age. There is also much oppression in the culture, and people have to support the ruling powers or face drastic results, such as oppression, violence, or even stiff fines. "
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Feminism and the Family in Iran, 2002.
A look at the state of feminism and the women's movement in contemporary Iran.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
It will be argued that the assumptions of Western feminist theory and practice - constructed within a Western social and cultural environment - are not directly applicable to the Iranian social and cultural milieu. However, it must be understood that this essay will not assume a "cultural relativist" position with respect to the discussion of the role of women and feminism in contemporary Iran. As will be seen, despite a history of feminist activism in Iran under the Shah, and the contribution of Iranian women to the Islamic Revolution, organized feminism in Iran today has been systematically crushed by the conservative Islamic authorities. It will be argued that contrary to official Iranian propaganda - supported by some Iranian feminists who have been pressured to denounce Western feminism(s), as well as by some Western "relativist" feminists - women have been politically, socially and economically marginalized in Iranian society. However, Iranian women have "improvised" in the face of this oppression; creating new roles for themselves that use the Iranian family unit as the basis for their enterprises. The Iranian family, as will be shown, is key to understanding the role of women in modern Iran.
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Iran and Democracy, 2006.
This paper examines the serious challenges that have been confronted by America's efforts to promote democracy in Iran.
1,436 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the basic principles of democracy, which originated with the process of Enlightenment. This paper focuses on the current Iranian government and the authoritarian leadership which require their supporters to blindly obey them. This writer contends and explains that the movement to freedom and democracy in Iran necessitates drifting away from this blind obedience. To promote freedom and democracy in Iran, several pre-conditions are required, including the separation of religion and state. This paper details the numerous obstacles standing in the way, including the fact that Iran is sandwiched between the two sub-regions of the Persian Gulf and Central/Northwest Asia, which accounts for the negative impact on Iran's political climate.
From the Paper
"The liberal democracy indicates to a system that signifies voting by people for free elections to fill the top administrative ranks in legislative and executive branches, while the rights of those holding a minority perspective is safeguarded. Mores, ethos and other values among the population are quite prevalent for enduring democracy and freedom. In some cases the democratic set up has been established but the democratic system failed to establish itself. One of the element which functions as a basis for the rise and consolidation of democracy is the link between the people and the leadership which can be perceived in two respects of absolutism and pluralism. The absolutist concept is associated with the blind adherence to the related utilization of force to suppress those who disagree."
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Divorce in Iran, 2006.
Uses the radical feminist point of view to argue that the treatment of women in Iran is sexist and discriminatory.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of divorce in Iran. It shows that the policies and laws that pertain to divorce and many other laws as well in Iran are sexist and that they treat women as second class citizens. The framework that makes this possible can be found in the patriarchal society of Iran that is supported and reinforced by religion. The author uses the radical feminists view to argue her theory.
From the Paper
"This paper will examine the issue of divorce in Iran. It will show that the policies and laws that pertain to divorce (and many other laws as well) in Iran are sexist and that they treat women as second-class citizens. The framework that makes this possible can be found in the patriarchal society of Iran that is supported and reinforced by religion. I will use the radical feminists view to argue my theory. In Iran, women are seen as primarily worth less then men and their roles are confined to that of home care and childbearing. Iranian laws treat women and men differently, which results in severe discrimination against women. Traditional 'family values' prevail in"
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Iran-Contra Affair, 2004.
An analysis of the Iran-Contra Affair and the covert actions of the U.S. government and the CIA.
1,537 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the topic of the Iran-Contra Affair. Specifically, the paper discusses what the Iran-Contra Affair was, how it developed, how it was discovered, the Congressional hearings, and the aftermath. The Iran-Contra Affair was really a series of covert operations initiated by the Reagan Administration and carried out, first, by the CIA and then the NSC. These affairs were investigated by Congressional committees after they became public and were as detrimental to the government as the Watergate affair because they subverted the Congress and the Constitution.
From the Paper
"The Iran-contra affair is certainly one of the most notorious acts in United States governmental history. Many critics have likened it to the Watergate Scandal of the 1970s Nixon administration in terms of importance and sheer ignorance. One writer noted, "The Iran-contra affair raised serious questions about the nature and scope of congressional oversight of foreign affairs and the limits of the executive branch" (Editors 23448). After the Congressional hearings ended, numerous reports and recounting of testimony were published, including a 690-page report from the Tower and other committees who investigated the affairs. Caspar Weinberger (Secretary of the Defense) and several other participants were pardoned by President George H.W. Bush in 1992, and North and Poindexter's criminal convictions were eventually overturned, so very little actually happened legally to the main participants in the affairs."
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The Iran Contra Scandal, 2006.
This paper discusses the Iran Contra scandal, one of the greatest scandals in recent US government history.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The Iran Contra scandal is one of the greatest scandals in US government in recent memory. It was certainly the biggest foreign policy scandal during the 1980s. It involved at its heart two secret operations conducted by the executive branch of the United States government. The Reagan administration facilitated the sale of military equipment to Iran an enemy of the United States and considered a nation that sponsored terrorism. With the money from that sale a second operation was funded: Military aid was provided to the contra rebels in Nicaragua, aid that Congress had previously banned. This paper details the events surrounding the Iran-Contra scandal that took place during former President Reagan's term in office. The paper discusses why these actions were so scandalous and what it meant in terms of the US government's abuse of its power and its disregard for the Constitution. The paper contends that the scandal represents a major abuse of the constitutional authority afforded the executive branch of the US government, not to mention an affront to the checks and balances system that is supposed to keep each branch of government from amassing too much power.
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Pollution in Iran, 2006.
An examination of the air pollution problem facing Iran.
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that after the Iran-Iraq war, Iran implemented two social and economic development plans. It explains that the first plan was largely concerned with the country's economy. The paper explains that the second plan was created based on the failures and accomplishments of the first plan. It explains that the second plan focused mainly on the basic economic needs of the population and protecting the environment because air and soil pollution had reached critical levels. The writer details the air pollution problem and the health effects it is having on the population. The writer discusses the laws imposed by the government to help solve the air pollution problems, focusing on the laws regarding transportation. The paper discusses the recommended course of action to decrease the air pollution. In conclusion, the writer states that should Iran choose not to undertake the recommended course of action to reduce air pollution, the death and disease rate alone will be prohibitively expensive in terms of capital expense and in terms of overall economic degradation.
From the Paper
"The long term effects of increasing levels of air pollution are more drastic. An average lowering of the general public health will have to be compensated for by an increase in government and personal spending in the medical sector. The Iran Greens, an independent, private agency operating in Tehran, claimed that an increasing rate of heart disease, lung ailments and cancers are a direct result of air pollution. They also maintained that stress and anxiety syndromes are similarly related to the environmental poisons. This weakening of overall public health is not only a medical crisis, it is an economic one. Iran's primary work force is in danger of retiring earlier, dying younger and raising unhealthy children. The burden of this trend will be shouldered by a government that is still in the process of developing its economic resources to their fullest potential. "
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The Iran Hostage Crisis, 2008.
This paper discusses the Iran hostage crisis and looks at the effect it had on the Carter presidency.
2,422 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the 'Iran hostage crisis' refers to the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Iran on November 1979 by militant students during which 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage with the Iranian regime's consent for 444 days in contravention of all diplomatic norms. The writer notes that the crisis had a profound effect on US-Iran relations reverberations of which can still be felt today in a highly strained relationship. The writer discusses that it also influenced the domestic politics of both countries in no uncertain terms: helping the radical Iranian clergy led by Ayatollah Khomeini to consolidate its power in the early days of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and contributing to a large extent in the decisive defeat of President Jimmy Carter in the November 1980 US Presidential elections. This paper gives the background and a brief overview of the crisis, analyzes its causes and explains the effect it had on the Carter Presidency.
Outline:
Background
The Embassy Take-over
Surprise for the Americans
Options for the Carter Administration
The Effect on Carter's Popularity
The Disastrous Rescue Attempt
The October Surprise
From the Paper
" The actual seizure of the American Embassy took place on the morning of November 4, 1979 that had been proclaimed as the National Students Day to honor the students who had been gunned down by the Shah's police the previous year. Thousands of students gathered outside the embassy shouting the customary anti-Shah and anti-US slogans and at first, it seemed to be a customary demonstration which had become a routine since the Iranian Revolution until a large group of students poured through the main gate of the compound and started to scale the embassy walls. Despite the best efforts of the embassy staff to prevent the takeover, the students soon overwhelmed the sixty-five Americans inside the embassy and took them hostage. Even though both the captors and the hostages had expected the seizure to be a short-term affair, the crisis proved to be a long-drawn out affair that lasted for more than a year and was mainly responsible for reducing the Carter presidency to a single term."
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