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"Inventing the University", 2008.
An analysis of the concepts and applications of the theory of David Bartholomae's article "Inventing the University."
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques David Bartholomae's article "Inventing the University." It describes Bartholomae's proposal and argument within his article and the practical application of his suggestions to students within universities. The paper then briefly compares Bartholomae's arguments with Amy Devitt's theory in her article, "Generalizing about Genre: New Conceptualizations of an Old Concept."
From the Paper
"While Bartholomae is correct that university professors have power, while students need to bow to that power by learning and using the appropriate discourses, it is also true that children learning the language are in the same position of relative powerlessness vis-a-vis their parents. It is incumbent upon them to enter into the discourses of their parents, on their parents' terms, in order to be understood. Thus, it would seem that there is no reason to single out university contexts for this reality. It is simply the reality of how all human beings learn to enter the various discourses that together comprise our human societies."
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?Inventing Van Gogh?, 2002.
This essay is a review of Steven Deitz?s ?Inventing Van Gogh? performed at the City Theater in Pittsburgh.
745 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical review of the play, "Inventing Van Gogh" and starts off with a brief synopsis of the story. It then progresses towards a more detailed analysis highlighting the various positive aspects such as the set and the lighting as well as some negative aspects such as the lack of entertainment value.
From the Paper
"Steven Deitz?s ?Inventing Van Gogh? performed at the City Theater in Pittsburgh was a play offering insight into the nature of art making it enjoyable on an intellectual level but lacking entertainment value. The play did have a message and managed to convey this message effectively, but needed to also make the events of the play interesting to watch to involve the reader in the story."
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"Inventing Western Civilization", 2006.
A review of the book "Inventing Western Civilization" by Thomas Patterson.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book "Inventing Western Civilization", in which author Thomas Patterson views civilization as an elitist concept that has been used politically, culturally and socially to manipulate the masses. The author explains Patterson's thesis that the West differs from all other civilizations due to its overwhelming impact on virtually all other cultures, including its role in introducing modernization and industrialization. This paper also discusses how Patterson explores the development of social classes and the alienation of the "other". Throughout the paper, Patterson's ideas are compared to numerous scholars and philosophers including John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Sigmund Freud. The author concludes by concurring with Patterson that an international order based on civilizations is the surest safeguard against world war, but noting that this idealistic concept is not borne out in reality.
From the Paper
"Patterson demonstrates how classism, sexism, and racism were as integral to the appearance of "civilized" society in Western Europe as inequality and alienation. He further explores the issue of how civilization, and the process of "being civilized" has been frequently linked to the rise of capitalism in Western Europe, the development of social classes, and the creation of "others" who are distinguished by their socially constructed appearances, behaviors, or essences.
Patterson accordingly believes that every civilization or group at one time or another has considered itself to be God's "chosen" people. For example, The Incas, who Patterson studied for most of his career as an anthropologist, believed that they were the only true humans. This is the type of elitist thought he attributes to all civilizations, both past and present. Thus in Patterson's view, the greatest threat to society is a global clash between Civilization and barbarism."
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Inventing the Other, 2006.
An analysis of the concept of inventing the 'other', based on Clifford D. Simak's "City", "Way Station", "Time and Again" and "Highway of Eternity."
13,099 words (approx. 52.4 pages), 38 sources, APA, $ 248.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four of Clifford D. Simak's novels - "City" (written from 1944 to 1974), "Time and Again" (1951), "Way Station" (1963) and "Highway of Eternity" (1986). The paper describes the invention of the 'other' in Simak's novels and how it manifests itself in three different sub-patterns which can be regarded as the building blocks of a larger process of his writing.
Table of Contents:
Table of Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter I: The Self and the Other
Author and Context
Imagining the Other
Chapter II: Clifford Simak's Writing Process
The Other - Some Technical Aspects
Representing the Writing Process
Chapter III: The Author Representing the Self
Reader and Writer
The Figures of the Writer
Conclusion
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
From the Paper
"When I considered the title of the present thesis and the literary genre the following study was to be based upon, it seemed difficult not to view the whole with a certain suspicion simply because of the juxtaposition of the terms "inventing" and "Other". On the one hand, SF is predisposed to speculation about new inventions - technological, scientific, political, economic and even sociological. On the other hand, the concern about the "Other" and all the problems the notion automatically generates have for long stood at the basis of criticism in the field. The impossibility to come to terms with the plethora of creatures that authors reinvent all the time and that are frequently labelled "the Other" often results in conflicting theories about the importance of finding and preserving one's identity. Simultaneously, the traditional SF issues of alienation are often dismissed as foolproof demands for toleration on the author's part. Looking back at a genre with a history of almost a century, it seems that it has forged itself the reputation of being a medium where repetitive attempts are made to deal with all these notions more or less successfully. Taken separately, "inventing" and "other" are not very likely to stir one's attention on the account of sheer originality. Taken together, however, both notions appear to pose a different problem where the Other is considered as an invention on the same level with the rest of the SF paraphernalia. The Other becomes a personal and sociological invention and to treat it as such would mean to invest the notion with sense that might not necessarily have been there had I chosen a more descriptive approach.The definition of the Other has proved to be complex just because it is most often based on what is repeatedly called "the Self" in many works of literary criticism, philosophy and psychoanalysis. It is somewhat problematic to get out of the vicious circle that is formed when we realise that "the Self" itself is only definable when in contact with that same Other we are trying to describe. There is rarely a short story or a novel in the genre that has not described the contact between a human and alien of some sort and these stories inevitably propose their own reflection on the human condition. Apparently, humanity has desperately been trying to seem unique, no matter whether that uniqueness be negatively or positively charged and most of the SF we know is directly or indirectly, exclusively or partly concerned with corroborating that impression. An awareness of the inverse, however, started to plague humanity hundreds of years before the beginning of what we now call the Golden Age of SF. All claims to uniqueness were overthrown when Galileo first peeped through a trinket he had bought on the market and used it to study the visible sky. The fixed, immutable identity that humanity had fabricated for itself was no longer stable and reassuring. From then on, the possibility of a contact with forms of life unknown to us has never ceased to grow and to comprehend the manifestly incongruous idea, the need to imagine an otherness not only within but without our world imposed itself. The invented Other came to be and it was there, invisible and yet staring down at a world plunged in confusion, a world that would never seem the same. This study is, therefore, an attempt to direct the attention to the numerous manifestations of that fictional Other. It will be based on the Other that comes into existence only within the limited space of a Simak novel because the notion "the Other" has a definite meaning only when it is being invented by a specific author in a specific text."
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Inventing the American Woman, 2002.
A history of women's roles in American society.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper charts the course of women's history from the Puritan times through the American Civil War. It explains the English notion of Goodwife through its transformation into the Republican Mother in the 1780s. Information on the Cult of True Womanhood, passionless, sexual attitudes, separate spheres, the Salem Witch Trials and the Lowell Mill girls.
From the Paper
"Early American women?s history underwent several evolutions from the 1600 Puritan Goodwives to early reformers in the 1860s. Women?s roles in the northern and southern colonies differed prior to and following the American Revolution. However, one encompassing ideal was that of Republican motherhood. Notions of women as sexual beings also changed during this time period and partly formed the basis of 19th century sentimental culture. The story of the early American women is a fascinating account of family, community, and society."
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Faculty Research and Scholarship, 2005.
Studies the ethical problem regarding ownership of intellectual property and inventions at universities.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at who owns intellectual property and inventions which result from research conducted at a university, either as a student or employee, and examines some of the issues involved and ways to resolve them.
From the Paper
"Research at universities is becoming a complex issue on many fronts because of the variety of sources of funding, both governmental and private, and the questions of ownership of the results of such research. Although medical issues have gained much of the public spotlight where the question of the validity of test results on drugs has been questioned, recently, in light of the heavy involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in funding research, many other legal issues arise."
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Organizational Re-invention, 2007.
A review of the important factors for organizations to consider when re-inventing and re-basing itself.
2,711 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews what an organization needs to do in order to successfully re-invent itself. It also considers what factors an organization should consider when revising or replacing its dominant philosophy. The paper discusses re-basing and describes why it is never a good option for an organization when it is faced with a crisis situation. In the end, the paper maintains that small, incremental changes over time and anticipating problems well in advance can reduce the need for sweeping re-inventions by for-profit and non-profit organizations alike.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Organizational Re-invention and Re-basing
From the Paper
"In their case, these organizations may feel compelled by a crisis event to pull funds out of productive investments to be put towards resolving a serious financial "crunch" somewhere else. The result can be not only the ill-advised movement of capital but also discouragement and a decline in morale among employees whose projects and ambitions are now being thwarted by events largely beyond their control. Viewed from this vantage point, allowing tragic or catastrophic events to determine the manner in which an organization re-defines its operations and goals can cause problems in areas hitherto strong without actually resolving the original dilemma."
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Five Inventions, 2005.
A brief discussion of five major inventions prior to 500 B.C.E.
757 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at five inventions prior to 500 CE, and explains how those inventions have altered the course of history. The inventions are the wheel, irrigation systems, written language, a numbering system and the abacus.
From the Paper
"While many inventions of the ancient civilizations assisted in the development of culture, farming, science, and language throughout history, the inventions of the wheel, written language, number systems, irrigation, and the abacus are some of the most important. Not only did these ideas help to further the society in which they were invented, they are also responsible for much of what exists in the current societies. Without those original thinkers prior to 500 CE, our world today would be far different."
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Toilet Invention, 2003.
An examination of one of the most basic and most important inventions, the toilet.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how certain inventions have totally revolutionized the way humans function. The basic invention of the flushing toilet is discussed, while looking at its history and development.
From the Paper
"There are many views on the history of the flushing toilet. Various records that show ?the invention of the flush toilet goes at least back to the time of King Minos on the Island of Crete sometime around 1700 BC. ?The Sea Kings of Crete were renowned for their extravagant bathrooms, running hot and cold water systems, and fountains constructed with fabulous jewels and workings of gold and silver?? (Privy 5). Some of the first latrines included a fully enclosed closets with hollowed chairs for privacy in common areas."
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The Invention of the Steam Engine, 2004.
Looks at the impact the invention of the steam engine had on society.
1,069 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ways in which the invention of the steam engine revolutionized family life, social welfare, the acquisition of basic goods, transportation, and where people lived. Both the initial negative impact of the steam engine and the eventual positive impact of its advent are discussed.
From the Paper
"Before the invention of the steam engine and the advent of the industrial revolution, families were self-sustaining. They produced the food they ate, the clothes they wore, and the furniture in their homes. Sometimes craftspeople specialized, so one person in a village might be potter while another might be a tinker. Sometimes people sold their hand-made goods at a local market to acquire cash, so they could buy from other craftspeople; in other cases they bartered."
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The Invention of the Personal Computer, 2006.
A paper looking at how the invention of the personal computer influences our lives today.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper makes the assertion that IBM's invention of the PC served as a powerful catalyst that has ultimately forced us to reexamine age-old perceptions and to look at life in an entirely different way. It looks at how the PC allows us to do things that are totally taken for granted these days - email, internet banking, shopping online etc.
Introduction
The Marriage of the Internet with PCs
E-Commerce and Shopping Online
E-Mail vs. Snail Mail, Etc.
Pounding the Virtual Pavement
Banking in Cyberspace
Works Cited
From the Paper
"One of the most dramatic and incredible developments to take place with regard to IBM's introduction of its PC and the evolution of the Internet, is the advent of e-mail (electronic mail). Before e-mail, when you wanted to communicate with someone, there were basically four ways - by telephone, by cellular phone, by fax machine and by U.S. Postal Service, etc."
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Inventions, 2002.
Inventions that changed the world between 1460 - 1559.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the discovery of gunpowder in early modern Europe, the consequential inventions of firearms, and how these developments brought with them dramatic changes to society.
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"Invention by Design", 2004.
A review of the engineering book, "Invention by Design", by Henry Petroski.
1,457 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the book, "Invention by Design" by Henry Petroski, published in Cambridge, MA, by the Harvard University Press in 1996. Specifically, it discusses what in the book is relevant to the mechanical engineering program, the author's main points, and whether these points are valid or invalid. It looks at how Henry Petroski's book takes engineering to a level that just about anyone can understand and makes it interesting even to the layperson. This book is not only an excellent introduction to the many facets of engineering; it is also a fascinating look into engineering by example, from the simple paper clip to the complicated Boeing 777 aircraft. It also shows how it is a fascinating look into what makes good engineering and what engineers actually do.
From the Paper
"Another critical issue in the book is how the case studies are presented. Each study begins with a bit of history, and then moves into the critical issues involved in the design and engineering of the object, such as the sewers of Paris as a precursor to the evolution of water quality engineering. Had the case studies taken a different approach, the book might not have met its goal of "making sense of many of the interrelated aspects of engineering," but because of these critical inclusions, the book not only meets, but exceeds its goals. It is clear that engineering is a vital force in the modern world, and that just about every action the engineer attempts can be critical in some form or another."
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The Invention of the Airplane and its Early Impact on Society, 2001.
This paper addresses the history of the invention of the airplane.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 35.95
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From the Paper
"The Wright Brothers chose to focus on the invention of the airplane despite the belief that heavier-than-air crafts would never be able to fly."
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"Invention of the Monsters", 2006.
An analysis of Salvador Dali's painting "Invention of the Monsters".
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper states that this painting is a typical work of Salvador Dali's and that his personality is present in this work. The paper discusses that the painting is a combination of symbolism and paranoia. The writer posits that the focus of the painting is the burning giraffe, even though it is painted in the background. The writer suggests many interpretations for the painting, then posits that it is unimportant as the painting is not realistic, and can therefore be interpreted however the viewer wants to. In conclusion, the writer states that the painting is fascinating and ugly at the same time and that surrealism fails if it needs to explain itself.
From the Paper
"Now, to more closely examine the ghouls in the foreground, sitting at what looks like a banquet table containing only a little statuette. Is it the Christ figure? Some saint being tortured? What makes trying to make sense out of a surrealist painting so difficult is that the artist has a conception he does not want to share with those seeing the paining, once it is out of his mind and on canvas. The whole meaning of surrealism is that it is above and beyond realism. A cat is not necessarily a cat, a cloud not necessarily a cloud, except in the perception of the viewer. Those who look at surrealist works have to bring something with them: either an open mind, or a pre-conceived idea of what one is looking for."
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