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Interval Training vs. Steady Training, 2002.
An in-depth study into the benefits of interval vs. steady (continuous) training on endurance performance.
5,229 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
Interval training is a concept wherein a person works out at a medium to high intensity for a specified period of time or distance and then reduces the exercise intensity for an equal period of time or distance. A 1997 study found that splitting training tasks into intervals or repetitions will increase the amount of oxygen consumed and needed to be repaid after each unit when compared to performing the same distance at the same workload in a continuous or steady exercise regimen. The paper explains that intermittent, or interval, training tasks were found to place a greater load on the oxygen transport system than do continuous tasks This study investigates the effects of interval versus steady (continuous) training on endurance performance. The paper includes detailed tables.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Operational Definitions
Delimitations
Limitations
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Review of the Literature
Introduction
Theoretical Framework
The Muscle System
Muscle As Motors and Regulators
Classification of Muscles by Location, Function, and Structure
Gross Structure and Functioning
Structure of Myofilaments
Internal Membranes of Muscle Fiber
Skeletal Muscle Contraction and Muscle Power
Energy Pathways Involved in Exercise
Interval Training Versus Continuous Training
Short-Term Maximal Performance
Methods
Subjects
Instrumentation
Experimental Protocol
Design and Statistics
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The creatine phosphate pool provides a buffer for the rapid supply of ATP for the work of contraction, as well as a link to the cellular sources of ATP. Depending on the type of muscle fiber, this cellular ATP is produced by one or both of two common biochemical pathways?glycolysis (anaerobic) and the citric acid cycle (aerobic). The aerobic pathway is the most efficient off the two; however, when muscle activity level reaches approximately 70 percent of the maximum possible level, aerobic metabolism no longer is able to supply the muscle with a sufficient supply of ATP. At this point, the anaerobic metabolism pathway begins to function. The anaerobic pathway works more quickly, although less efficiently, than the aerobic pathway, and thus can supply large amounts of ATP that are stored in the muscle itself (24)."
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Interval Training, 2002.
A review of a study into the effectiveness of interval training over other training programs.
5,201 words (approx. 20.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 129.95
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Abstract
A study of interval training, which allows a person to perform many minutes of super-maximal effort. Such high-intensity effort done at a steady pace would otherwise exhaust a person very quickly. This paper reviews a study conducted on interval training and includes a background into the theory as well as statistical analysis of the experiment. The writer includes a substantial background on the muscle system as it relates to extreme levels of exercise as well as diagrams to assist the reader.
From the Paper
"A 1997 study found that splitting training tasks into intervals or repetitions will increase the amount of oxygen consumed and needed to be repaid after each unit when compared to performing the same distance at the same workload in a continuous or steady exercise regimen. Intermittent, or interval, training tasks were found to place a greater load on the oxygen transport system than do continuous tasks."
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The Effects of Interval vs.Steady Training, 2002.
A research design of exercise routines geared at producing specific exercise outcomes. Methods of performance analyses are discussed that can be applied to test different exercise routines.
3,086 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The author outlines a study that may be conducted, testing the hypothesis that subjects following an interval training regimen will maintain sustained performance at specified VO2 level for a longer period than will subjects following a continuous (steady) training regimen. Literature relevant to the effects of training regiment on endurance performance is reviewed, focusing on interval versus continuous training and short-term maximal performance. Furthermore, biochemical processes within the human body in the long and short run are outlined, noting the different effects of the two exercise regiments. Finally, the author designs an actual study that may be performed, which includes details of the subjects that should be tested, the instrumentation that should be used, the experimental protocol and how to measure statistical significance.
From the Paper
"The effects of continuous and interval training on changes in lactate and ventilatory thresholds during incremental exercise were investigated. Seventeen males were assigned to one of three training groups: group 1:55 minutes of continuous exercise at 50 VO2 max; group 2: 35 minutes continuous exercise at 70 percent VO2 max; and group 3: 10 X 2-min intervals at 105 percent VO2 max interspersed with rest intervals of two minutes. All of the subjects were tested and trained on a cycle ergometer three day/week for eight weeks. The researchers concluded that both continuous and interval training were equally effective (14)."
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Strong Heroes and Steady Trees, 2004.
Examines the tree imagery within the epics, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", by Homer, and "The Aeneid", by Virgil.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In the three great ancient epics, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", by Homer, and "The Aeneid", by Virgil, all three heroes are compared to trees, showing two attributes that the heroes share. Firstly, the paper shows that Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas manifest their heroic qualities through tree imagery. Heroic attributes allow heroes to rise to the occasion and tend to display qualities that exceed average human capabilities. While each has a different concept of heroism, the tree imagery shows that the three characters are similar because they possess chivalrous attributes. The paper shows that, secondly, the tree imagery manifests the relationships that each of the characters has with a particular goddess. Like strong trees that are helped by nature, Achilles, Odysseus, and Aeneas, all have powerful attributes, but use the force of a higher power, or a goddess, for assistance.
From the Paper
"The idea of relating Aeneas to an oak tree is interesting. Oak is used for building homes, and although Aeneas does not specifically build Rome, the idea of city development reminds the reader about Aeneas?s heroic duty to discover Rome and also reflects on Aeneas?s stay in Carthage, where he helps build the future rival city of Rome. Also like an oak tree, Aeneas is steadfast and unmoving when listening to Dido?s pleas, managing to remain dedicated to his heroic duty and the gods? wishes. Every heroic action that Aeneas takes is defined by his duty to the gods (for example, leaving Carthage and finding Rome), displaying the heroic nature of duty; duty inspires Aeneas to ?do the right thing.? "
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Conditioning in Hot Environments, 2004.
In-depth study of athletic training in hot environments.
16,038 words (approx. 64.2 pages), 104 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the effects of hot environments on the body and how the body attempts to regulate its internal temperature. The paper also describes what factors affect a body's ability to regulate its temperature and what measures can be taken to enhance a person's athletic performance in hot environments. Studies are cited to help illustrate these measures, and the dangers of performing in hot environments when ill-prepared are discussed. Finally, the paper applies the information from the studies to the typical training regimen of soccer players and makes suggestions for improving the regimen.
Introduction to Hot Environments
Thermoregulation in Heat Stress: Heat Loss
Effectiveness of Hot Environment on Players
Environment - Weather
Heat Cramps
Assessing Heat Quality of the Environment
Introduction to Soccer
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Male Soccer
Players
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Juvenile
Soccer Players
Essentials of Cardiovascular Fitness Among Soccer Players
Cardiovascular Improvement Methods
Interval Training Methods for Cardiovascular Development
Features of Interval Training
Appropriate Intensity to Develop Cardiovascular With Interval Training
From the Paper
"Every year more than 300 people die of heat-related illnesses and many others require medical attention, according to a CDC report. Often those who experience exertional heat illness are athletes who are taking part in physical activity in a warm or hot environment, who might benefit from early on-site identification of their condition and timely, appropriate treatment. Noting that many cases of heat illness are preventable and others can be treated, the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) recently issued a new consensus statement from the Inter-Association Task Force on Exertional Heat Illnesses that features guidelines for effective prevention and management. (NATA 2003)."
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Effectiveness of TV Advertising, 1996.
Examines economics, theories (encoding, memory decay, retention interval, crossover interaction), cultural differences, Proctor & Gamble.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This research reviews the economics of television advertising. Cost-effectiveness is a focus of this review.
In 1992, one of the country?s largest television advertisers, Proctor & Gamble, shocked the major television networks when the company canceled $15 million in television commercial advertising spending in the spring of that year. Proctor & Gamble concluded that its television advertising was not cost-effective; however, the reasons were not all based on the cost of the television commercials. A major factor involved in the problem was that the company had miscalculated the television advertising strategy of its competitors (Brunelli & Schmuckler, 1992, p. 4). One observer in the television industry said of..."
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Union Membership Paradox, 2005.
This paper discusses that, despite all the advantages of belonging to a labor union, membership has been on a steady decline for many years.
2,035 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that the causes of the decline in union member are (1) the workforce is now more mobile and (2) workers are now solely concerned with their own individual welfare rather than the general good of all employees. The author points out that unions can no longer show their innate strength and power by threatening strikes and staging them because, today, lawyers are well versed in launching attacks against large firms, such as the cause of retired workers who had been affected by constant and long term exposure to asbestos in an asbestos manufacturing company. The paper suggests that, although union membership has been declining, job-related grievances have not decreased: If unions can handles these employee needs, can union membership be revitalized?
From the Paper
"The data from C.P.S. has proved to be extremely useful to the U.S. Department of Labor, too, because of the fact that it helps the Department to ascertain the membership in the various unions that exist in the country. This is how it was noticed that there was a significant drop in union membership over the years, and this has labor officials extremely worried. It was only about twenty-five short years ago that each and every worker in the United States of America was proud to be carrying a union card that would proclaim the membership of the individual to a particular union. Today, aside from a teacher or a fire fighter or a police officer, there are not many people who belong to the union and proclaim to others that they do indeed belong to one. However, it is a well-known fact that this decline has been gradual and steady and has been happening over a period of many years. However, there are many people who are not able to accept the present situation and feel that the change was not necessary and is dramatic."
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Natural Selection, 2003.
This paper discusses natural selection as part of the process of evolution.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that natural selection plays an important role in the process of evolution. The author contends that most researchers argue that environmental conditions do affect evolution by selecting certain individuals. The paper argues that the subject of debate is whether this process is a relatively steady, relatively continuous one or a relatively steady process, which is interrupted at times by periods of dramatic and rapid change.
From the Paper
"The role that natural selection plays in the process of evolution is both vital and not entirely understood. While most researchers argue that environmental conditions do affect evolution by selecting certain individuals, whether this process is a relatively..."
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Article Review: "Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work", 2008.
This paper identifies the types of data and variables contained in the research by Eric Lambert and Nancy Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict'.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an article that presents the exploratory research by Lambert and Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict' and reported in a 2006 "Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal". The author points out that the nominal level of measurement was the control variables labeled "Personal Characteristics", such as gender, age and position. The paper reports that the measures of the variables, other than those of the personal characteristics, were on a sliding scale, which could not be interpreted as ordinal data or variables. The author reports that the independent variables were the level of job danger, role ambiguity, role conflict, instrumental communication (performance feedback), integration, input to decision-making, supervision, job variety and organizational fairness; the dependent variable of work on family conflict was rated at several different levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Nominal Data / Nominal Variables
Ordinal Data / Ordinal Variables
Interval Data / Interval Variables
Ratio Data / Ratio Level Variables
Methodology of Research
Proposed Version of Similar Research
From the Paper
"The goal of yielding a bounty of ratio data would require an expansion of the dependent variable on the survey. In the present research, work on home conflict was limited to nine items varying from time conflict to strain or harm to family life. The researchers determined that only five of the independent variables had a statistically significant influence upon work on home conflict If it is desired to obtain more ratio data, then a new survey should be prepared emphasizing the five areas most likely to antecede work on home conflict and of those items rate the level of each area of work on home conflict established by the first survey."
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Bull and Bear Markets, 2007.
This paper discusses the stock market, with a focus on bull and bear market descriptions and examples.
2,328 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that, in simple terms, a bull market occurs when there is a steady upward trend in the stocks almost across the board and a bear market is declared when there is a steady decline in stock values that lasts longer than short term. The paper explores how these markets are determined throughout the stock market's history. The paper concludes that having an understanding of the bear and bull markets is an essential ingredient to entering the stock market with confidence.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problem
What to Buy in a Bull Market
What to buy in a Bear Market
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When it comes to the stock market many Americans are confused about what it involves, how it works and what the different markets mean. Even those that invest their hard earned money into the stock market often turn to their broker for advice and leave it to that broker to handle it for them. Whether one is a serious investor, a hobbyist or planning on becoming a stock broker it is important to understand certain terms and elements about the market. One of the more interesting debates when it comes to the stock market is in deciding whether a bull or bear market has occurred. Analysts around the nation gather in front of historic records, examine current trends and with their most serious face pronounce a bull or bear market depending on how they have interpreted those elements."
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Time Series Forecasting, 2001.
This paper states the importance of time series forecasting in the business world.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the concept of "time series forecasting." It discusses its importance in the business world and how it can be of major benefit in problem solving and future projection needs. Working technical examples are provided.
From the paper:
"There is an endless list of areas in which collection, analysis and prediction of data is important. The world of business relies on the accurate calculation of sales figures, stock prices and interest rates, and meteorologists depend on precise measurements of expected rainfall, temperature changes and wind speeds. Disciplines as varied as farming, politics and medicine base every major decision on the results of the accumulation and analysis of data. Some of this information is collected on a one-off basis, especially when required to provide the solution to a specific problem, but in the majority of cases the collection of data is ongoing and reported at regular time intervals. These intervals may range from milliseconds to decades and the sequence of measurements made during these periods is known as a time series"
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David Establishes a United Monarchy, 2006.
This paper analyzes King David's life, rise to power and unification of the Israelites.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper details David's historical success in gaining power and unifying the people of Israel. This paper also discusses David's complex character that learns from each experience and recognizes the value of keeping promises and honoring alliances. The author of this paper examines Deuteronomy's theory that David's rise to power and unifying the Israelites was simply because he was appointed by God to do so. This narrative offers a steady path of intellectual growth and self-awareness that would contradict a strict Deuteronimistic interpretation.
From the Paper
"However, David also takes his men into battle against other tribes, and does not shrink from wiping out entire populations because he does not want survivors to spread the word that he has restricted his attacks to Canaanite peoples. He has also been building his own wealth with booty from his conquests. In addition, he takes two wives, Abibail, the wife of Nabal and Ahinoam of Jezreel."
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The Limits of Modernity, 2005.
Examines "All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity".
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity," in which author Marshall Bergman examines modernity and concludes that nothing is permanent in modernism. The paper shows how Marshall argues that permanence is impossible because modernism demonstrates no shared purpose, which imposes consequences in the form of a constant breakdown of institutions and a steady deterioration of sociopolitical cohesiveness.
From the Paper
"In his book, All That is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity, author Marshall Bergman examines modernity and concludes that nothing is permanent in modernism. He argues that permanence is impossible because modernism demonstrates no shared purpose, which imposes consequences in the form of a constant breakdown of institutions and a steady deterioration of sociopolitical cohesiveness. In order to support this thesis of impermanence, Bergman evaluates Karl Marx, whom he considers a major figure in the history of modernity. Marx was an outsider who sought to destroy the organizing principle of modern society--capitalism--and replace it with communism."
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Iranian Cinema, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of Iranian cinema especially the period after the revolution.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that, although cinema has not always been a part of Iranian culture, its growth was slow yet steady in a country ruled by Islamic rules and regulations. The author points out that the Islamic Revolution of 1979 brought an end to the already slowing cinema industry of Iran; theatres were destroyed believing they were symbolic of moral decay that had plagued the society. The paper relates that, after the revolution, the situation of the Iranian cinema gradually improved especially as women began to experience more freedom and interaction rules were relaxed; women became directors resulting in some famous movies including "Rakhshan Bani'etemad's Kharej AZ mahdudeh" ('Off Limits', 1987) and Nargess' "Tahmineh Milani's Tazeh cheh khabar" ('What's New?' 1992).
Table of Contents
An Introduction to Iran
Brief Overview of Cinema in Iran
Iranian Cinema after the Revolution
From the Paper
"The first film ever made in Iran was a silent movie produced in 1921 and talkies came later in 1933 when first sound movie Dokhtar-e-Lur came out. This marked the beginning of Iranian industry which was technically inferior to many advanced film industries of the world. While the industry was suffering because of lack of technical expertise, audience's appetite for foreign films didn't help the situation either. Most theaters therefore screened foreign films only and Iran rarely produced any movies for first fifty years. By 1947, Iran had produced only 2 films, in 1952 the number reached 20, by 1962 it increased to 30 and in 1971, Iran had produced 88 films. In 1977, the number of domestic films came down to 50 while foreign films during that period totaled 504."
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Non-Verbal Listening, 2005.
An analysis of the importance of non-verbal listening for successful communication.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of non-verbal communication. The paper reveals that successful communication involves a steady gaze, relaxed posture, responsive facial expressions and spontaneous gestures and that if these things are done, it may be said that the likelihood of a successful transmission of ideas and viewpoints is all the more likely.
From the Paper
"There can scarcely be any doubt that non-verbal or otherwise inadvertent physical language can go a very long way towards complicating communication between individuals. The following paper will detail a non-verbal listening exercise which examines posture, eye contact, facial expression and gestures. Essentially, the exercise will involve the researcher exploring the differences between what an individual does when communicating with someone around whom he or she is comfortable and what an individual does when communicating with someone with whom he or she is not comfortable. As will become apparent, tensions between parties are often needlessly exacerbated by instinctive and usually unintended body language."
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