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International Women?s Year, 2002.
An examination of the events and the reasons behind the International Women's Year of 1975.
2,569 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how the recognition of women on a national and international level was meek and misunderstood prior to the proclamation of International Woman?s Year (IWY), in 1975, and how the United Nations' motive behind creating this year of awareness was intended to bring forth contributions of women, while promoting social equality. It examines the history of feminism and women's rights from the 1950's and looks at the funding and at the programs that were held throughout the year. It reviews how the benefits of the IWY seeped into all sectors of American society and how they are still being felt today.
From the Paper
"Financial stability was another obstacle that stood between women and their independence. It is often stated that the most visible sign of the Year?s impact on creating financially independent women was the enactment of the equal credit opportunity legislation and the establishment of women?s banking organizations. Banks created to help the financial plight of women were established in the East. Eventually, some of these banking institutions were taken over and run by women. Once this trend caught on, male bankers began to look more favorably upon female applications. The acknowledgment that women had a place within the financial world led to an increase in female entrepreneurs. Increasing numbers of women began opening their own businesses and became more confident in their financial capabilities."
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Women in the International Division of Labour, 2005.
A discussion of the role of women in the international division of labour, based on the chapter by Maria Mies.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour", written by Maria Mies. The paper discusses concepts presented in this chapter, such as the role of women in the globalization of labour. The paper presents the writers views on the matter.
From the Paper
"Women in the International Division of Labour Maria Mies' chapter entitled "Housewifization International: Women and the New International Division of Labour" examines the role of women in the globalization of labour. I found this chapter extremely useful, as I have recently been learning about the evils attendant upon globalization, but I have not learned about the genderized nature of this movement. In fact, I realize that a gender lens has been conspicuously absent from most of what I have read, and therefore this chapter is valuable in terms of filing in that gap."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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Four-year vs. Five-year High Schools, 2006.
A critical review of Harry Krashinsky's essay, "How Would One Extra Year of High School Impact Academic Performance in University's Evidence from a Unique Policy Change in Ontario, Canada".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Harry Krashinsky's essay "How Would One Extra Year of High School Impact Academic Performance in University's Evidence from a Unique Policy Change in Ontario, Canada", in which Krashinksky was able to exploite a unique historical event - a double cohort of high school graduates in Ontario in 2003, some with four years of high school and others with five years of high school - to test whether the quantity of education courses enhanced the human capital of graduates or whether it was simply a signal of higher ability.
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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International Law, 2005.
This paper discusses the weakness of international law in governing international relations.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that international law differs in major areas from domestic law: (1) The scope of international law is much wider than the scope of domestic law; (2) Domestic law is the guideline that defines the relationship between specific bodies, the government, and the citizens, but there are no specific bodies in international law; and (3) International law is voluntary, whereas, domestic law is largely involuntary. The author points out that, when laws are first proposed, countries or states agree to them or reject them on the basis of their political interests. The paper concludes that international relations should be regulated according to the principles of international law as determined by the United Nations and its different organs.
Table of Contents
Difference between International and National Law
The Voluntary Nature of International law
Absence of Mechanism for Regulating International Relations
Political Considerations
Final Analysis
From the Paper
"International relations are supposedly guided by a number of institutions and a defined body of law. The international arena is hardly a jungle in which countries may act as they choose with the only limitation upon their action being the presence of stronger states willing, and capable, of imposing restrictions upon them and regulating their behavior. In other words, within the context of international relations, state behavior is governed, not by IR theories but, by international law and international institutions, such as the United Nations. Furthermore, in cases where states behavior conflicts with the established regulations, their violations are either dealt with through the UN Security Council or through one of the international courts, depending upon the type of violations. Consequently, on this basis, one would assume international relations to be based upon a just system in which states are treated equally, in the sense that all are equally required to obey the law. However, this is not the case and international relations can almost be contrasted to a jungle because not only are the strongest not required to obey the law but also those under their protection are at equal liberty to disregard international law."
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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Contemporary International Economy, 2007.
This paper argues that current international institutions are no longer effective in regulating the contemporary international economy.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the forces at play in the international community today as they affect the contemporary international economy. The writer then provides a discussion of the current trends affecting international institutions in the 21st century. Further, the writer offers an analysis of the impact these events and trends have had on international institutions. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Events and Trends Affecting International Institutions in the 21st Century
Impact of Events and Trends on International Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the United States assumed a leadership role in developing new types of international institutions. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided for a liberalization of international trade, the Bretton Woods framework created a fixed exchange-rate system (which lasted until 1971), and the International Monetary Fund controlled the flow of credits until the mid- 1970s and once again from the early 1980s thereafter; in addition, these authors note that the EEC institutionalized a free-trade area in the heart of Western Europe at this time. According to Mingst, international institutions are defined as those they are comprised of membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement. A coordinating body for international institutions, the Union of International Associations, currently distinguishes between the more than 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) that have been created by intergovernmental agreements and whose members are states, and the approximately 6,000 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), whose members are associations or individuals."
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International Trade, 2005.
This paper argues the pros and cons of international trade and concludes in favor of this trade.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that increased trade between countries does create wealth; however, the rules of the trade game are such that the wealth being generated by increased level of international trade does not reach all sections of the world in a fair manner. The author argues that there is an urgent need for creating a level-playing field for all in international trade so that the benefits reach everyone; organizations such as the WTO and the IMF, which make and oversee trade rules and international monetary policies, must be purged of the pervasive influence of large multi-national corporations and big business. The paper relates that unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades and the eclipse of communism have given a great boost to international trade; international trade leads to prosperity and development but such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty.
Table of Contents
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Growth in Countries that Adopted Free-Trade Policies
Example of the United States
Cons: The Disadvantages
Policies Based on Corporate Interests
Removing the Guiding Hand
How International Free Trade Policies Favor Big Corporations
Corporations Exempt from Free Market Discipline
Inequality
Rural Poverty
Trade and Environment
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The colonialist powers, particularly Britain, had realized the benefits of international trade after its industrial revolution although it is highly debatable whether such trade was beneficial for the colonies as well. In the last two decades, international monetary institutions such as IMF and trade organizations, particularly the Word Trade Organization (WTO) have been at the forefront for promoting free international trade. Unrestricted international trade has been touted as the panacea for all economic ills and an agent of development. The results of international trade have, however, been mixed. While supporters of free trade point to several success stories such as China, others point to the growing inequality, economic shocks such as the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997, and the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa as "fruits" of increased international trade (also known as globalization)."
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International Mutual Funds, 2004.
This paper discusses investing in various international mutual funds, describes individual funds, and compares international funds to mutual funds in the U.S.
4,925 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are four types of international mutual funds: The international funds, which invest only in well-known markets outside the U.S. such as Germany, France, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia; the global funds, which contain mixtures of U.S. and international stocks; the regional funds, which concentrate in geographic areas like Latin America, the Pacific Rim and Europe, with the concentration of these firms in small countries and emerging markets; and the country funds, which concentrate only on one country. The author points out that international funds are useful when it is felt that the U.S. market is not doing so well, and the emerging markets in the foreign countries are expected to perform better than the U.S. market. The paper relates that an important feature of international funds is that they give small investors an opportunity to invest in shares all over the world, an activity that would be very difficult or expensive to pursue on their own and that provides a good opportunity for diversification.
Table of Contents
Mutual Funds, the Dynamic Market
What is a Mutual Fund?
The Choice of International Funds
How Does One Know What the Fund is Doing?
From the Paper
"The aim of any mutual fund is to pool in the money from different investors and put it in a position where it can be managed by professionals. The manager makes the trades, realizes the gain or loss, and collects the income in the form of dividend or interest. The gains or losses are then passed on to the individual investors. The operation of most funds are open-ended, and that means that the investment company is at liberty to issue new shares to investors, and also undertakes to buy back shares from investors who want to leave the fund. There are also close ended funs which issue a fixed number of shares, and only these can be bought or sold by the investors among themselves through a stock exchange. The person who has issued these closed funds is not responsible for redeeming them, so the trading of these has to be only through a broker."
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The International Monetary Fund, 2005.
Considers how international institutions and the IMF are used to stabilize international economies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international institutions in general and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in particular, are used in the international economy to stabilize economies. The paper also evaluates the criticism leveled at the IMF in recent years.
From the Paper
"Today's economies are linked on a global level. For example consumers in the United States purchase computers manufactured in Japan and receive service assistance from call centers based in India ..."
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International Terrorism, 2007.
This paper examines what international terrorism is and its manifestations throughout the years.
3,024 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of terrorism and explains that international terrorism is intended to be on a broader scale, with largely recognized targets so as to capture the attention of the world community. The paper brings September 11, 2001 as a vivid example. The paper discusses how international terrorism has grown with modern communication and technology. The paper looks at terrorism in the late 1960s, in South America, in Vietnam and in the 1970s. The paper concludes by explaining how international terrorism is distinguished by three distinctive characteristics.
Outline:
Introduction
The Late 1960s
South America
Vietnam
The Cold War Era of the United States and Russia
The 1970s
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Acts of international terrorism can be traced as far back as 1931, with the first documented hijacking of an airline passenger jet in Peru. However, depending upon how you define "international terrorism," international terrorism might be traced even further back, during the Christian crusades in the Holy Land. There was, too, the French Revolution, which was preceded by acts of violence committed by covert agents of change. The American Revolution was effectuated in large part by covert agents acting against British law and authority and perpetrating acts of violence against the British soldiers."
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International Labour Standards, 2002.
An overview of international labor laws including international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes existing international labor laws and discusses these laws in the contexts of globalization. Some of the issues covered in this essay include international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards, international laws regarding unions and worker rights, as well as economic contexts of capitalism and imperialism. This paper also offers strategic solutions for international labor laws as a way to anticipate the problems of labor and globalization.
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A Financial Analysis of Wendy?s International, 2002.
This paper is a financial analysis of Wendy?s International, using McDonald?s Corporation, the industry leader in the fast food segment of the restaurant industry, as the benchmark firm.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the financial position of Wendy?s International Corporation, a fast food restaurant, by comparing it to the financial position of McDonald?s Corporation. This author reports that Wendy?s income performance, while strong, is substantially inferior to that of McDonald?s; and, in this area more than any other, Wendy?s needs to improve if the corporation is to narrow the gap. This paper states that McDonald?s has a substantially higher inventory turnover and holds less than half as many days in sales than does Wendy?s.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Financial Position
Income Performance
Short-Term Liquidity
Long-Term Solvency
Asset Management
Profitability
Market Value
List of Appendices
Common-Size Balance Sheets?McDonald?s Corporation
Common-Size Balance Sheets?Wendy?s International
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Balance Sheets?McDonald?s Corporation
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Balance Sheets?Wendy?s International
Common-Size Balance Sheet?Wendy?s International With Baseline Comparison
Common-Size Income Statements?McDonald?s
Common-Size Income Statements?Wendy?s
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Income Statements?McDonald?s
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Income Statements?Wendy?s
Common-Size Income Statement?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Short-Term Liquidity Ratios?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Long-Term Solvency Ratios?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Asset Management Ratios?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Profitability Ratios?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Market Value Ratios?Wendy?s With Baseline Comparison
Du Point Analysis?Wendy?s 1998
From the Paper
"With respect to short-term liquidity, Wendy?s compares well in relation to McDonald?s (refer to Appendix B-1). The reason for the Wendy?s advantage lies in the corporation?s decision to keep such a high proportion of assets in a current status. This strategy is not conducive to the most productive use of the corporation?s assets.
"In relation to debt ratios, Wendy?s is superior to McDonald?s (refer to Appendix B-2). In this area, Wendy?s also is superior to McDonald?s in relation to interest coverage, as the corporation uses borrowing very little in comparison to McDonald?s."
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International Financial Reporting, 2005.
This paper explains that many factors, such as history, politics, differential currency types, ease of conversion and regulations of various international banking institutions, prevent full harmonization of international financial reporting.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the inter-relationship of political and economic changes that effect today's problem of harmonization of currency and reporting such as (1) competing economic policy objectives similar to today's problems with oil, (2) the Janus-faced nature of international capital flows and (3) the changing center of influence of the international system from the United Kingdom and toward the United States. The author points out that the new ISO engineering standards represent a model for standardizing accounting and reporting processes not only by solving the problems of harmonizing the accounting and reporting process but also by offering an open-ended approach, easily adaptable to even the smallest of enterprises. The paper stresses that this need for global standardization means that the mundane "bean-counters" of the past must be replace by today's global accountants trained in several disciplines.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Powerful Influence of History
The Gold Standard
The Rise and Dilemmas of Bimetallism
The Development of the International Monetary Systems between WWI and WW II
The Bretton Woods System and its Problems
The Harmonization of the British Pound, U.S. Dollar and the European Common Currency
The Future Outlook from an ISO Point of View
From the Paper
"Between the wars, the United States overtook Britain as the leading player in the commercial and the financial domains. However, America's foreign financial and commercial relations did not yet fit together in a way that produced a harmoniously working international system. Moreover, with even today's technological edge America is finding the attainment of harmonization a difficult task at best. Great Britain likewise struggles with several issues in this area. Hence, when postwar planners again contemplated the reconstruction of the international system, they sought a framework capable of accommodating these changed conditions. The solutions to the problems are not at all straightforward and thus the pronounced lack of harmonization of accounting and reporting."
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