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International Order, 2006.
A look at international or world order.
4,027 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the concept of international order. According to the paper, the idea of international order or world order is nothing new; however technological innovations have created a world that is increasingly more global. In light of this globalization the type of international order that will emerge is in question. This paper examines the emerging international order to determine if it is increasingly liberal.
Outline:
Introduction
International Order from a Historical Perspective
The Current System of International Order
The Role of an Imperial Threat
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall this aspect the research seems to indicate that in the eyes of many America has already formed an imperial structure or way of being as it relates to foreign policy and the international community. Whether this kind of informal imperialism was intentional is unclear. However, it seems more likes that America's dominance in the world is a result of the positions that the United States took following the world war. During much of this time America worked multilaterally with other nations to bring about peace and stability in the world. America was able to influence countries because it had both economic and political strength that was unparallel. Although there were conflicts after the Cold War that involved American troops, America seemed more apt to solve problems using diplomatic means. However, after the attacks of 9/11 the approach to global conflict changed and the nation believed that it had to act unilaterally to ensure the security of its citizens. Because this unilateral approach as it relates specifically to the invasion of Iraq-- has lessened the sovereignty of nation states, America is viewed as a nation that desires imperial rule. "
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Can Revolution ever Contribute to International Order?, 2005.
A discussion as to whether or not revolution can contribute in any way to international order.
1,870 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses if revolution can contribute, in any way, to the international order. The author explains the important distinctions between the different types of revolutions and on what international order is based. After assessing to what extent revolution can contribute to the international order the author concludes that history does seems to show that revolutions, in the short term, always disrupt international order, and in the longer term, may contribute to international order in certain manners.
From the Paper
"Revolution, from the Latin revolutia, i.e. turn around, is a normative process that has, throughout the last centuries, been at the centre of the reflexion about world politics. It has shaped new countries, brought others to perish and, most importantly, showed the crucial role of human agency in international relations. "It is a natural manure" as Thomas Jefferson wrote . History and reality have shown that, in its various forms, revolution has not only had an impact on the international system but has been a major factor in its formation , especially since the French and American revolutions, respectively in 1789 and 1776. There is less consensus however on its consequences on international order - the order in relations among states-, if any.
"Effectively, it seems at first contradictory that a revolution, as the overthrow of a settled order , can contribute, in any manner, to the international one. Nevertheless, the reductionism of this approach tends to put aside important elements that must be considered."
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The Institutional Model of International Order, 2004.
A discussion of the Institutional Model of International Order using the Congress of Vienna as an example.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the institutional model of international order and contains a review of its development from the Congress of Vienna until the post-Cold War period. This essay compares the behaviour of great powers in post-Napoleonic Wars and in post-Cold War and subsequently, compares their attitude toward the institutional approaches in sustaining the international order. The post-Cold War period is selected because of its special features: the existence of the United States as the sole great power and the concern about the U.S. unilateralism due to its feasible effects on the future of the international order.
From the Paper
"The establishment of institutions the and the effort to sustain the international order and the prominent role of great powers in formulating such an effort were two of the most important achievements of the Congress of Vienna. As Ikenberry has observed; in the Congress of Vienna the great powers ?made increasingly elaborate efforts to institutionalize the post-war security relations? between them and such efforts were implemented in a combination of balance of powers strategies and the establishment of commitments by creating various types of binding institutions. Ikenberry argues that the aftermath of major wars presents the winning states with three main choices: to dominate the weaker and defeated states, to abandon the other states and simply go home, and to use their commanding power position to gain acquiescence and participation in a mutually acceptable post-war order. The third choice was preferred by Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria as the most responsible countries for the defeat of Napoleon, and they decided to sit together at the Congress of Vienna to establish not only a peace settlement but also a new international order in Europe. From Ikenberry?s viewpoint, the motivation behind such a decision was the intention ?to establish a set of rules and arrangements that are durable and legitimate, but rules and arrangements that also serve the long-term interests of the leading state.?"
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The International Order, 2007.
A research paper on whether the international order is an increasingly liberal one.
2,430 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper examines whether the international order is an increasingly liberal one. The paper further examines how this liberalization of the international order, that has grown in recent years, is based on the classic liberal model of freedom, individual rights, fair government, and prosperity. In closing, the researcher argues that pure liberalism is what the world is embracing, and what needs to continue for the good of the international order, given the perilous nature of the modern world.
Table Of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Statement
Research Methods
Preliminary Findings
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Statement Of The Thesis
Purpose Of The Study
Importance Of The Study
Chapter 2
Review Of Related Literature
Introduction
Issues Discussed In The Literature
Chapter 3:
Summary
Conclusions
Closing Thoughts
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The problem that was uncovered in the course of the research is that the classic definition of what it means to be liberal, which is to say what the early liberal thinkers intended and envisioned for the future of the liberal movement, is not was subsequently became the daily liberal model that was injected into the international order. Rather, the liberal profile and manifesto, so to speak, became distorted and misrepresented with the passage of time and the manipulation of the liberal model by activists, common citizens, and world governments."
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The International Economic Order, 2005.
This paper discuses the international economic order as a part of the "global village".
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the requirements of a cooperative and stable international economic order through the context of global trade and financial relations. The author points out the historical perspective and some solutions to a better interdependency of the opposing forces in the global arena. The paper describes the evolution of financial markets through time and the progression of trade through advancements in both technological and relational aspects.
From the Paper
"The world today is regarded as a "global village"; the rapidity with which information is exchanged, the speed of transport and the ease of communication have become standard. However, to understand how this came about involves taking a deeper look into the introduction of various international organizations and the way in which politics and economics are intricately connected. The realist approach to international relations assumes that there is anarchy, not in the sense of chaos and disorder but the actual absence of "world government" - there is no higher authority to which all states are subjected to and which is to have jurisdiction into states domestic issues."
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International Order, 1992.
Examines the global efforts (U.N., World Bank) to maintain political and socioeconomic order and decrease tension.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The western nations make use of a variety of tools for increasing international order and decreasing international tensions. One of the strongest sources of tension in the world today is poverty. The underdeveloped nations of the Third World often share a resentment toward the richer, industrialized nations which are seen as being exploitative. Economic problems have caused many of these underdeveloped nations to turn to the West in anger, "demanding either relief or solutions" (Fuller, 1991, p. 259). Another source of international tension is found in the problems of resource allocation. For example, one nation may turn against another in an effort to obtain oil resources. Power inequalities are yet another cause of international tension. In this regard, the global community since World War Two has been characterized by "the instability of postwar ..."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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Realism, Internationalism, and Liberalism, 2004.
A look at realist, international society, and liberal approaches to international order.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer distinguishes among the three most common theoretical approaches to international order. These approaches are realism, international society (internationalism), and liberalism. It begins by defining international order. The rest of the paper is divided into four sections. First, it compares the way proponents of realism, liberalism, and internationalism perceive the international order and the role of states within it. Secondly, it explains the goals of the realist, liberal, and internationalist approaches. Third, it compares how the international actors behave according to each approach and how they achieve their goals. Fourth, it outlines the limitations of the different approaches. The writer concludes by describing each theory's place in today's world.
From the Paper
"Before approaches to international order can be explored, international order itself must be defined. The international order is an anarchic system of states. It is "a pattern of activity that sustains the elementary or primary goals of the society of states or international society." International order is distinguished from world order in that world order refers to the most primary goals of humanity, not states. Although all approaches agree that international order is weak, classical realism assumes permanent anarchy, liberalism sees a global community, and internationalism sees the potential for a less violent, more lawful order."
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The World of International Business, 2001.
An analysis of the challenges and requirements companies, nations, trade union should meet in order to survive international competition.
6,200 words (approx. 24.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the world of international business by analyzing individual companies, nations, and other trade agreements including European Economic Community (EEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The author studies the implications and challenges of becoming an international company and at the same time, discusses the requirements a company must meet in order to survive international competition.
From the Paper
"As this month?s events have once again demonstrated, we are all linked together in a single world, one in which the idea of the modern nation-state itself is becoming increasingly less meaningful. Even as political alliances bind the world together, we also find ourselves powerfully reminded of the way in which the world is a single entity in terms of its economic systems as stock markets rocked throughout the world and talk was of how a recession in the United States would have international implications, even as U.S. markets themselves had been weakened in the past several years due to weakness. This economic interdependence is in part due to the importance of international trade. But it is also in large measure do to the ever-increasing importance of companies that do business internationally. This paper examines the current situation of international business, presenting a survey of the range of such businesses and outlining both the external contexts in which such companies conduct their business as well as the internal organization that is needed for a company to be able to function efficiently in an international context."
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International Migration Law, 2008.
This paper discusses the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
2,442 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW) is the most comprehensive international treaty for the protection of migrants' rights. The writer points out that it was conceived in the 1970s, and adopted by the United Nations' General Assembly and opened for ratification on 18 December 1990. The writer discusses that although the Convention entered into force in 2003 and is viewed by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights as one of the core international human rights treaties, to date it has been ratified by just 37 states. Further, not a single major migrant-receiving state has ratified it. The writer examines the reasons for this lack of participation. The writer focuses on the most important legal principles embedded within the ICRMW, and compares them with the pre-existing national and international laws, in order to determine the basis for non-ratification.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Structure and Important Legal Principles
Obstacles to Ratification
Legal Obstacles
Political Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second assertion, that the Convention provides too many rights to migrants might be disputed as well, since the rights that it provides have all been awarded in previous UN conventions and treaties. They are, in fact, internationally recognized human rights. While the legal obstacles mentioned above should not be simply disregarded, receiving states should be able to avoid them if the relevant provisions of the ICRMW are correctly applied.
"There are, however, more serious, country-specific legal obstacles, some of which might only be surmountable by amending national legislations or by opting out of the specific clause."
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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Regionalism: Building Block or Stumbling Block?, 2005.
This paper answers the question key to multilateralism: does regionalism enhance or undermine the international economic order?
2,017 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a balanced position with regards to the impact of regionalism on the international economic order (IEO). Regionalism can undermine and enhance the IEO. The paper first defines the terms regionalism and the international economic order. Second, the paper outlines key arguments that address the "building block vs. stumbling block" question on regionalism. Third, the paper turns to the empirical evidence to weigh the two sides of the argument. The final section provides concluding remarks.
From the Paper
"The paper borrows the definition of regionalism from Winters (1997) as "loosely any policy designed to reduce trade barriers between a subset of countries regardless of whether those countries are actually contiguous or even close to each other." Furthermore, paper includes in the scope and coverage of regional trade agreements (RTA), both symmetric and asymmetric, free trade areas (FTA) and custom unions (CU). Regionalism and RTAs will be used interchangeably, while accounting for the considerable difference in scope, configuration, and timing of RTAs. The international economic order entails a multilateral arrangement to achieve trade liberalization and stable financial markets. One purpose of the order is to proximate free trade among all nations. Therefore an enhancement is further global liberalization, underlined by a most favored nation (MFN) principle. The means to this end are rule-based multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization. It emerges clearly from the definitions that precisely because RTAs are both a subset of liberalization and an exception to the MFN principle, regionalism can both enhance and undermine the IEO. How these elements play out is what will be explored below."
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International Law, 2005.
This paper discusses the weakness of international law in governing international relations.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that international law differs in major areas from domestic law: (1) The scope of international law is much wider than the scope of domestic law; (2) Domestic law is the guideline that defines the relationship between specific bodies, the government, and the citizens, but there are no specific bodies in international law; and (3) International law is voluntary, whereas, domestic law is largely involuntary. The author points out that, when laws are first proposed, countries or states agree to them or reject them on the basis of their political interests. The paper concludes that international relations should be regulated according to the principles of international law as determined by the United Nations and its different organs.
Table of Contents
Difference between International and National Law
The Voluntary Nature of International law
Absence of Mechanism for Regulating International Relations
Political Considerations
Final Analysis
From the Paper
"International relations are supposedly guided by a number of institutions and a defined body of law. The international arena is hardly a jungle in which countries may act as they choose with the only limitation upon their action being the presence of stronger states willing, and capable, of imposing restrictions upon them and regulating their behavior. In other words, within the context of international relations, state behavior is governed, not by IR theories but, by international law and international institutions, such as the United Nations. Furthermore, in cases where states behavior conflicts with the established regulations, their violations are either dealt with through the UN Security Council or through one of the international courts, depending upon the type of violations. Consequently, on this basis, one would assume international relations to be based upon a just system in which states are treated equally, in the sense that all are equally required to obey the law. However, this is not the case and international relations can almost be contrasted to a jungle because not only are the strongest not required to obey the law but also those under their protection are at equal liberty to disregard international law."
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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Contemporary International Economy, 2007.
This paper argues that current international institutions are no longer effective in regulating the contemporary international economy.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the forces at play in the international community today as they affect the contemporary international economy. The writer then provides a discussion of the current trends affecting international institutions in the 21st century. Further, the writer offers an analysis of the impact these events and trends have had on international institutions. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Events and Trends Affecting International Institutions in the 21st Century
Impact of Events and Trends on International Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the United States assumed a leadership role in developing new types of international institutions. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided for a liberalization of international trade, the Bretton Woods framework created a fixed exchange-rate system (which lasted until 1971), and the International Monetary Fund controlled the flow of credits until the mid- 1970s and once again from the early 1980s thereafter; in addition, these authors note that the EEC institutionalized a free-trade area in the heart of Western Europe at this time. According to Mingst, international institutions are defined as those they are comprised of membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement. A coordinating body for international institutions, the Union of International Associations, currently distinguishes between the more than 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) that have been created by intergovernmental agreements and whose members are states, and the approximately 6,000 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), whose members are associations or individuals."
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