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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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Managing International Operations, 2004.
This paper discusses the ways businesses enter foreign markets through direct investments and manage these international operations.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in international operations, the basic rules of management do not change; but, in a foreign country, what changes are the people with whom a manager has to deal. The author points out that changes within the organization will be determined by three main factors: the dominant cultural lifestyles of individuals in the organizations, change agents and strategic opinion leaders of all types, and the communication of innovation. The paper recommends that expatriate managers should overcome their self-orientation and try to enjoy the local entertainment and similar activities.
From the Paper
"This change will be determined by three main factors ? dominant cultural lifestyles of individuals in the organizations, change agents and strategic opinion leaders of all types and the communication of innovation. These will be influenced by the effort made by the management in trying to be close to the employees, the assurances of the future of the organization as seen by the employees, the quality of the individual leadership provided by the top management of the new organization, and the masculinity shown. The last point is because most people still tend to follow men as leaders and not women. We shall come back to this point of the importance of human relations at the end of this essay.The next point to be considered is the forecasting of the results to be achieved by the foreign organization. This depends a lot on how the new organization has come into being."
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Starbucks International Operations, 2007.
This paper analyzes Starbucks Coffee's international operations.
3,216 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Starbucks Coffee's move into the international market. The paper first describes the franchise's products and success in the United States. It then goes on to describe the challenges Starbucks faces now that it has taken on a global scope. The company's strategy was to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected coffee retailer in the world. The author compares and contrasts Starbuck's success in various international markets, including Japan and Europe.
Outline:
Strategies for International Expansion
Problems for Starbucks on the International Side
Future Outlook for Starbucks Internationally
Table 1 - Starbuck's International Presence
Appendix A
Appendix B International Market Risks
From the Paper
"Since 1987, Starbucks has transformed itself from a modest nine-store operation in the Pacific Northwest into a powerhouse multinational enterprise with 7,225 store locations, including some 1,600 stores in 30 foreign countries. During Starbucks' early years, when coffee was a 50-cent morning habit at local diners and fast-food establishments, skeptics had ridiculed the notion of $3 coffee as a yuppie fad. The popularity of Starbucks' Italian-style coffees, espresso beverages, teas, and pastries has made Starbucks one of the great retailing stories of recent history and the world's biggest specialty coffee chain. In 2003, Starbucks made the Fortune 500, prompting Schultz to remark, "It would be arrogant to sit here and say that 10 years ago we thought we would be on the Fortune 500. But we dreamed from day one and we dreamed big." "
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Foreign Exchange Volatility in International Operations, 2000.
A look at the American Airlines as an example of the use of financial and operational strategies.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses reasons for exchange rate volatility and the negative effect it has on many aspects of doing business internationally. This volatility is shown to lead to ongoing problems of resource allocation, business strategy and risk management. The defensive and proactive responses of firms is discussed. American Airlines is looked at as an example. The paper concludes that it is important to assess risk, plan, make decisions and maintain flexibility wherever possible.
From the Paper
"The number of variables affecting global businesses can make the effect of exchange rates on international business activity difficult to determine. The typical multinational firm may have operations in many countries, with many product lines and with competitors in yet other countries, creating quite a knot of factors to unravel.
Even within exchange rate considerations, there are two major factors: first is the impact of changes in the level of the exchange rate (the appreciation or depreciation of a currency?s value) on a particular company or industry. The appreciation of the U.S. dollar by 50 percent between 1980-1985 coincided with an increase in the U.S. trade deficit to nearly $160 billion in 1987. Some U.S. companies were heavily hit and lost market share and profitability to foreign competitors. Foreign firms with dollar denominated costs were also hard-hit: Laker Airways, with fuel costs and aircraft financing in U.S. dollars went bankrupt during this time."
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Daniels Radebaugh's "International Business: Environments and Operations", 1991.
This paper is a chapter-by-chapter review of John Daniels and Lee Radebaugh's "International Business: Environments and Operations": Theories, corporate policy, environmental frameworks, cultural issues, trade and the role of the government.
6,975 words (approx. 27.9 pages), 1 source, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"In their textbook International Business: Environments and Operations, John Daniels and Lee Radebaugh address the complex problems which face companies doing business on a global basis. The textbook is designed to accompany an introductory course in international business, and the authors are careful to present information of use to those who will never take another course in the subject as well as to those who are destined to study the subject in depth. As a result, information is presented in a broad context providing information which the authors deem essential to a basic understanding of international business.
Daniels and Radebaugh have divided the text into seven multi-chapter parts: Background; Comparative Environmental Frameworks; Theories and Institutions -- Trade and Investment; World Financial Environment; International Business in ... "
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Norfolk International Airport, 2003.
A detailed summary of the Norfolk International Airport and its operations.
4,745 words (approx. 19.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the rich history of the Norfolk International Airport (NIA), which is located in Virginia close to the birthplace of aviation. The author points out that the Norfolk Airport Authority, which is a political subdivision of the Commonwealth of Virginia and is an independent autonomous agency of the City of Norfolk, operates NIA. The paper relates that, since NIA is a municipal agency, it does not provide any type of annual report to its investors and the public; however, it does publish an activity report that essentially gives the same information. The author illustrates the operations of the tower. The paper includes many charts and illustrations.
Table of Contents:
History and Development
Administration and Organizational Structure
Aviation statistics
Airside Facilities
Runway Data
Navigation Aids
Airport Services
Terminal Facilities
Retail Establishments/Banks
Ground Transportation
Parking Facilities
Airlines Serving the Airport
Hotels/Lodging
Other Aviation Businesses
Meeting Facilities
Fire Department
Police / Security Departments
Field Maintenance Facility
Air Cargo
Noise Abatement Program
Marketing Efforts
Federal Services
Control Tower
NIA's Future Development
Airfield
Baggage Claim
Parking
Air Cargo
From the Paper
"NIA's Police Department maintains an outstanding working relationship with its mutual aid partners. A liaison between the Cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach Police Departments is well established and their assistance is called upon for specialized needs. On a state level, the bomb squad from the Bureau of Criminal Investigations of the Virginia State Police is the primary response for any related incident related to a possible explosive devise. Uniformed Virginia State Troopers, mandated by the Virginia State Code to investigate all aircraft-related incidents, are the primary response agency for the above-mentioned matters."
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Caspian Sea Oil & International Theory, 1997.
Examines realism, rationalism & regime theory, hegemony & cooperation; applies theories to analysis of national representation in Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"NATIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE AZERBAIJAN INTERNATIONAL OPERATING CONSORTIUM
Introduction
This research analyzes the national representation in the Azerbaijan International Operating Consortium (AIOC). The AIOC is one of two consortia involved in the development of the petroleum resources in the Caspian Sea region (Gorst, 1997, pp. 33-34). The other consortium is the older Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The CPC is engaged primarily in the development of a pipeline system to transport Caspian Sea petroleum to the Mediterranean area, while the AIOC is involved primarily in the extraction of the petroleum.
Competition is fierce for participation shares in the AIOC. Petroleum companies?either state-owned or private sector?from the.."
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International Shipping, 2002.
A look at the development and innovation in ship operations in the international shipping industry.
3,554 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the latest scientific and technological developments have had a massive impact on the trade and industry in the recent year and how international shipping is no exception. It discusses and analyses the development of international shipping industry and seeks to provide an overview of the liner and bulk shipping in the following three sectors: ship, port and inland transport systems, respectively. It also emphasizes liner shipping (containerships) in the container terminals sector.
From the Paper
"As trade changes, so do the ports and there is no such thing as a typical port. Each has a mix of facilities designed to meet the trade of the region it serves.(Stopford,M ,1997). However, it is possible to generalize about the type of port facilities which can be found in different areas. Consequently, today the port can be further divided into four types: small local ports, large local ports, large regional ports and regional distribution centres. The last of these has a wide role as a distribution centre for cargo shipped in very large ships, requiring distribution to smaller local ports. These ports such as Rotterdam, Hong Kong and Shanghai, consist of a federation of specialist terminals, each dedicated to a particular cargo."
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Amnesty International and Information Resources, 2004.
This paper considers the role of information in the formation and operation of Amnesty International.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the organization of Amnesty International. Following a brief overview of the organization, the writer considers the role of information in the formation and operation of Amnesty International.
From the Paper
"Amnesty International is one of the best known human rights organizations. The organization has received the Nobel Peace Prize, as well as the United Nations Human Rights Award. Its focus initially was on prisoners of conscience today, its mandate includes human rights in general and address non-state actors as well. Information is key to its mission and its strategy-the organization gathers, collates and disseminates information, while maintaining an ostensibly neutral stance with regard to political and economic systems ... "
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McCarran International Airport, 2007.
A service operations management report for McCarran International Airport.
2,503 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the contributions of queuing theory, economic order quantities (EOQ) and the redefining of core business processes based on the strategic objectives of McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas, Nevada. It analyzes how the airport was able to become the leading airport in the U.S. in common user self service (CUSS), radio frequency identification devices (RFID) and service-oriented architectures (SOA)-based implementations. The paper then analyzes McCarran's strategic objectives and accomplishments as they relate to unifying and making more efficient services operations.
Table of Contents:
McCarran International Airport Las Vegas, Nevada
Executive Summary
Introduction
Analysis
Redefining Processes First, Systems Later
Queuing Process Redefinition for Common User Self Service (CUSS)
Combining Check-in and Retail Processes
Luggage and Baggage Process Improvements
Service-oriented Architectures Synchronize Service
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The top recommendations are to continually apply queuing theory in conjunction with RFID to gain the greatest potential business impact, relying primarily on queuing methodologies to further increase performance. The use of CDM-based approaches and the build-out of a broader single version of the truth in terms of Customer Data Management need to be the second priority, followed by the growth of CUSS for PDAs and online check-in. It is imperative that the continued synchronization of services at McCarran be built on an IT infrastructure that can be agile enough to respond to the specific needs of services organizations' growth due to advances in queuing theories and demands of customers on the one hand, and the need for creating a sustainable analytics, reporting and CDM-based infrastructure on the other."
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International Business Arbitration, 2002.
Examines the effectiveness of international business arbitration, focusing on its early foundations and legal framework.
14,808 words (approx. 59.2 pages), 66 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
Three overlapping systems of international arbitration have developed to resolve international business disputes: (1) maritime arbitration of disputes related to ocean shipping and transportation; (ii) arbitration of disputes arising out of international trade in goods and services; and (iii) arbitration of disputes arising out of private foreign direct investment (FDI) and other trans-national financial transactions. This paper examines the effectiveness of international arbitration as a means of resolving business disputes arising out of international trade in goods and services and investment. The paper summarizes the historical roots of commercial arbitration, and the fundamental steps taken in the postwar period to establish a solid national and international legal and institutional framework to permit it to operate effectively.
Paper Headings:
Introduction
Defining Characteristics and Appeal
What is Commercial Arbitration?
Appeal of Commercial Arbitration in an International Context
Pre-1945 Historical Evolution of Arbitration
Ancient Origins
Arbitration in Medieval Europe
Decline of the Effectiveness of Commercial Arbitration
Establishing An Effective Legal Framework
Hostility of Other Legal Systems to Commercial Arbitration
Summary
From the Paper
"Thousands of (but certainly not all) maritime and international commodity arbitrations are handled today in many of the world's great ports in a similar matter of fact and informal manner. Due to the scientific, mercantile, industrial and post-industrial revolutions which have occurred since the 16th century, the volume of world commerce has expanded and the means and methods of production, distribution and transportation have become much more complex. Global trade increased by an average per annum of 4.57 percent during the period 1870-1929, then (due to the Great Depression and World War II) by less than one per cent between 1929 and 1945. Since then, world trade in goods and services has mushroomed, increasing, according to the World Trade Organization, by an average of six and one half percent per annum between 1958 and 1993, from just $2.62 billion in 1986 to $6.3 billion in 1996."
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Culture and International Marketing Strategies, 2004.
An exploration of the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, as increasing numbers of businesses look to expand and develop their consumer and market base through the internationalisation of their operations, managers are recognising the importance of effective international marketing to counter the increased levels of uncertainty and complexity. It focuses specifically on the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies, using a number of examples to highlight the points raised. Firstly, international marketing strategies are considered in more detail, followed by an exploration of the concept of culture and its influence on international marketing strategies.
Outline
Introduction
What are International Marketing Strategies?
Understanding Culture
The Role of Culture in International Marketing Strategy Formulation
Hofstede?s Five Dimensions
Hall and Hall?s High-Low Context
Direct Influence on Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Importance of Ethics
Critiquing the Role of Culture
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1
From the Paper
"Since value judgements vary between and within cultures, perceptions of what constitutes acceptable behaviour also differ: for example a gift in one country may be considered a bribe in another (Cateora and Ghauri, 2000; Doole and Lowe, 2001). Kotabe and Helsen (2004 p.171) highlight the significance of this for international marketers who ?must understand and respect cultural subtleties, whilst finding the limits of ethical behaviour?; since a company?s ethical stance may affect its ability to do business in some countries. For example, Motorola?s lengthy ?Code of Business Conduct?, sets out standards for accepted behaviour throughout the organisation (see www.motorola.com). They recognise the ?ethical legitimacy? of gift-giving in Japan, but decline to ?participate in the practice? (Hamilton and Knouse, 2001 p.87). This allows the company to show respect for Japanese culture, whilst maintaining its own corporate values. Similarly, consideration should be given to product usage and production processes, which may not be appropriate in certain cultures or environments."
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Tourism Report by Hilton International, 2005.
A thorough tourism report as presented by findings of the Hilton International Hotel Group.
2,141 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This report presents an overview of Hilton International (HI), an operating division of the parent company Hilton Group. The report presents HI within the global hotel industry and explores many facets of the business within this global context. It explains that the overall nature of the hotel industry is volatile and heavily influenced by several forces.
Outline
Summary
Introduction
Background
Legal and Financial
Size and Structure
Products and Services
Customers and Market
Employment
Policy Statements
Conclusion
Appendix 1 - HI Hotel Summary
Appendix 2 - US Tourism Industry Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Hilton International (HI) is a global leader in the hotel segment of the tourism industry, with 98% brand recognition. HI has worldwide rights to the Hilton brand, excluding the United States. HI was spun off from Hilton Hotels Corporation in 1964 as a separate entity, and was acquired by the Hilton Group plc in 1987. HI currently operates over 500 hotels (almost 400 under the Hilton brand) in nearly 80 countries around the world, and is currently in expansion mode including through the use of lease arrangements and management contracts. HI is one of three divisions of the parent company Hilton Group plc, and contributes approximately 40% of overall profits to the parent company. HI caters to a four- and five-star hotel clientele. HI has struggled over the past year to minimize losses due to a difficult time within the overall tourism industry. However by repositioning its marketing strategy to target local markets instead of global audiences, losses have been slowed to 30% over the previous year's earnings. HI employs a variety of programs to support its 65,000-strong workforce to pursue service excellence including its Esprit rewards program. HI demonstrates social corporate responsibility through programs such as its Hilton in the Community program that currently supports six primary charities that relate to the tourism industry."
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The Body Shop International, 2007.
This paper performs a SWOT analysis and reviews the internal and external environments of The Body Shop International, a cosmetic company that has a mandate to support social marketing.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in addition to making a profit, The Body Shop International gears its cosmetics business activities towards supporting community trade, defending human rights, activating self-esteem, trying to protect the planet, fighting against animal testing and supporting its own charity called The Body Shop Foundation. The author points out that, after a period of slowed growth in the 1990s and increased competition, The Body Shop established a new strategy of increased investment in marketing and promotion at the store level. The paper reveals that the industry growth is occurring in Africa and Asia where The Body Shop has a huge market share; however, changes in the political, economic or social climate in these countries will affect the Body Shop's overall demand since some of these countries have volatile environments.
Table of Contents
Internal Environment
Business History and Operations
Business Concept and Mission Statement
Functional Products/Services
Product Marketing
Sales/Profit Profiles
External Environment
Industry: Major Competitors
Competitors
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
From the Paper
"The three major competitors are Alliance Boots, Bath and Body Works, and Estee Lauder. Alliance Boots is a British based company with approximately seventeen percent (17%) market share of the British market. It is the largest pharmacy chain in Europe and is a serious competitor in the cosmetic market for The Body Shop. Bath and Body Works is a subsidiary of intimate brands and enjoys a one point nine percent (1.9%) share of the bath and shower market in the United States. The company is a competitor to the Body Shop since its sells natural body and hair care products as well as personal care products and fragrances."
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International Fashion Industry Accounting Practices, 2004.
This paper compares the accounting and operation funding practices of three international companies in the fashion industry: GAP-U.S.A.; H&M, a Swedish company; and Benetton, an Italian company.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, examining the accounting measures and practices of each of these companies, both the American and European companies have a bottom-line concept of accounting that is represented by the basic accounting principle of 'assets=liabilities + equity'. The author points out that, in the United States, laws require a financial statement unless a company is traded on the stock exchange; in Europe, companies, which have only debt securities listed on the EU regulated markets, and which have securities listed on the non-EU markets, are required to prepare consolidated accounts according to internationally recognized standards. The paper demonstrates the difference in international reporting practices, which make comparison almost impossible; with globalization, these differing practices must be standardized.
From the Paper
"Any company financial statement includes some basic information; a balance sheet, income statement, cash flow statement and financial statement notes, which explain any irregularities or noteworthy numbers. The United States has been lobbying to create a standardized representation of these numbers to create a level playing field when it comes to comparing financials. Although, Europe is slightly behind in this endeavor, they are also moving towards the concept of standardization."
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