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The International Court of Justice, 2006.
Explores the duties, history, organizational structure, and role of the International Court of Justice.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
Since the end of the Second World War, the number of international bodies dedicated to maintaining peace a general rule of law among nations has grown exponentially. This paper examines one of the more prominent of these international bodies, namely the International Court of Justice, and look at its history, organizational structure and duties in an effort to ascertain its role within the modern international system. The paper also reviews the key historical cases, treaties and current activities of the court inasmuch as these items have and will continue to shape the court far in the future.
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International Court of Justice, 2006.
Takes a position that the US should ratify the Rome Treaty.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a position that the US should ratify the Rome Treaty and join the International Criminal Court. 139 nations have already signed and all the U.S's major allies have already ratified the Treaty including the United Kingdom, the European Union, Mexico and Canada. The advantages of joining the ICC are pointed out, and criticisms against it addressed.
From the Paper
"The United States has refused to ratify the Rome Treaty which establishes the International Court of Justice. The Court came into being on July after years of hard work by the United Nations. It is a legacy of the Nuremberg Trials after World War II ..."
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The European Court of Justice, 2002.
Looks at the structure, function and influence of the European Court of Justice (E.C.J.)
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
Established in the 1950s, the European Court of Justice (ECJ), located in Luxembourg, is the judicial branch of the European Union. What is its structure? How does it function? Is it influenced by any of the member nations of the European Union? Those are some of the questions, among others, I will be exploring in this paper, which will include some of the cases that have come before the court, its decisions and its role in Europe today.
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The European Court of Justice, 2008.
An analysis of the roles and objectives of the European Court of Justice.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is a legal body within the construct of the European Union (EU) that handles legal disputes and defends the "Treaties of the European Union". This paper discusses how, up until now, the ECJ has played a central role in the ongoing development and evolution of the EU and how now it is taking a larger role within the context of EU commercial treaties and regulations involving both national and private entities.
Outline:
Overview
ECJ Objectives & Processes
ECJ Procedures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another method of access to the ECJ are the proceedings for failure to fulfil an obligation or similar. These proceedings are nothing more than the ability of the Commission or even a member state to start the proceedings within the ECJ's jurisdiction that will require another member state to comply with a relevant EU law or treaty (Tallberg 76). One example of this regulatory role of the ECJ is the ECJ's ruling that instructed France to accept British beef following the denouement of the mad cow scare several years ago (Tallberg 77). "
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European Communities and the European Court of Justice, 1990.
This paper examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities: European cooperation in economics, national interests, law and integration of actions and policies.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 11 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the role of the European Court of Justice in the political integration of the member states of the European Communities. The Court of Justice is a body of the European Communities. There are several sub-communities of the European Communities, of which the most widely known is the European Economic Community.
Integration in Europe
Within the context of international regional integration, there are five levels--(a) free-trade area, (b) customs union, (c) common market, (d) economic union, and (e) political union (Grosse & Kujawa, 1988). Each successive level involves a greater degree of integration. At the lowest level of integration, the free-trade area, tariffs are eliminated on the ... "
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Enlargement of the European Court of Justice, 2001.
2,695 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the history of expansion of the power of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) jurisprudence over the legislation of European Union member states, and examines several explanations for this expansion. The author then considers how this application of ECJ law impresses on the integration of the acquis communitaire into the administration of both the existing member states and the accession states. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications that the expanded role of the European Court of Justice may hold for the future of the European Union.
Introduction
Expanding Role of the European Court of Justice
Role of the ECJ in the Integration of EU Policy
into ?Sovereign? States & Implications for the Future of
the European Union
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the 1950?s the European Court of Justice?s role in European society has grown dramatically. This growth has perhaps been unnoticed by politicians in the various member states of the European Union. Additionally, most political scientists have largely ignored the European Court of Justice.[1] The expansion of the ECJ has reached a point where ECJ jurisprudence is being used by national courts to overrule some laws promulgated by national legislatures![2] Given that no existing treaty within the EU provides this sort of autonomy or authority to the ECJ [3], one would not be silly to question how such a situation has come about."
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The Supreme Court and Juvenile Justice, 2005.
A look at the impact of the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States on the juvenile justice system.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rulings of the Supreme Court of the United States that have had long lasting affects on the juvenile justice system. The paper contends that each ruling by the justices has been centered around the 14th amendment to the constitution, and provides case evidence to support this thesis. The paper gives examples of long term effects.
From the Paper
"The juvenile justice system was created in 1899 to protect youths who were convicted of crimes from being incarcerated with violent adults (Males and Macallair 1). From the beginning, however, judges had the right to transfer any juvenile they wished to adult courts, and jails, at the judges own discretion. Furthermore, as the increase in juvenile crime has taken place over the last few decades the juvenile justice system has been in a continuous battle with society over how juveniles should be tried, incarcerated, and punished. Many believe that the philosophy in handling juvenile crime in the United States should be one that centers on making punishments tougher, and thereby, deterring future juvenile criminals. "
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The European Court of Justice, 2003.
Description, history and problems associated with one of the most important aspects of the European Union.
2,062 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The ultimate authority to rule on the interpretation of European Union law resides with the Court of Justice of the European Union. This paper discusses the ECJ in detail, with particular attention paid to its history. Also discussed are its relations to Great Britain and France, as well as relevant problems the ECJ faces today.
From the Paper
"Historically, Britain?s Parliament held the position of supremacy in the country but this is currently challenged by the right the ECJ to rule on whether British law is compatible with European Union law (Curtis 110). The notion that a body of laws supercedes British Law and that Britain is bound somewhat to the written constitution of the European Union creates a problem in the minds of many British people, both those within the government and common citizens (Curtis 110).
The European Union (at this time the European Community) challenged British Parliamentary sovereignty in 1991 when the EC threatened to take legal action to stop British Rail construction projects for environmental reasons (Curtis 110)."
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Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, 2002.
A look at the influence of Hugo Black.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the life and influence of Hugo Black the Supreme Court Justice and his career.
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Supreme Court Justices, 2004.
A discussion of American Supreme Court justices in general and Justice Louis D. Brandeis in particular.
1,547 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional life of American Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis. The paper claims that of the justices on the Court at that time, Brandeis seems to stand out as a thoughtful, progressive and influential justice. The paper examines several of his well-known dissenting opinions. The paper contends that while his effect on criminal procedure was minimal, except perhaps in a philosophical sense, Brandeis' main efforts were spent in protecting civil rights.
From the Paper
"Amazingly few people have sat on the Supreme Court bench since the founding of the United States, as the justices are appointed for life, or until they chose to retire. It is not surprising, therefore, that a few names are common knowledge for quite a number of people. Older Americans tend to know one or two of the current justices, possibly more, and many of those same people know the names and general philosophies of such ground-breaking opinion writers as Earl Warren and Thurgood Marshall. Some also know the name John Jay, a member of the first sitting court, from their grade school history lessons. A few know William O. Douglas because of his extraordinarily long life and service. OF current justices, many people know the names Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg because they are the first and second women, respectively, appointed to the Court."
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William H. Rehnquist: Supreme Court Justice, 2004.
An examination of the man, his career, and his rulings.
3,036 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In the years that followed his confirmation as the nation's sixteenth Chief Justice, Rehnquist redefined the role of the Supreme Court and reshaped its identity. This paper discusses how his childhood, his academic and military life, and his career all served to influence the decision-making process of this renowned Justice.
From the Paper
"William H. Rehnquist joined the Supreme Court as an Associate Justice in 1972 and became its Chief Justice in 1986. Surviving bitter and prolonged confirmation battles in the Senate after both of his nominations, Rehnquist became arguably the most controversial person to have served on the Supreme Court during the twentieth century."
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International Court of Justice, 1993.
History of World Court of the U.N.. Looking at its function, power, objectives, biases, politics and limitations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
" After World War I, many of the nations of the world tried to address one of the issues that had interested idealists for some time--the creation of some means for international adjudication as a way of authoritatively and peacefully settling international disputes. One of the institutions that emerged from this war was the League of Nations, a forerunner of the United Nations but with little authority or power and destined to fail as an arbiter of international matters. There were various precedents for international arbitration even at that time, though, and among the other institutions that emerged, based on such precedents, was history's first permanent international law court, the Permanent Court of International Justice, as part of the League of Nations. This court would collapse along with the League of Nations in 1945, but a more or less identical tribunal, the.."
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Supreme Court Justices and Their Presidents, 2008.
An examination of the background and accomplishments of supreme court justices, John Jay and Samuel Alito, as well as their Presidents, George Washington and George W. Bush.
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two supreme court justices and the presidents that appointed them to their positions. It specifically looks at John Jay and President George Washington and then looks at Samuel Alito and President George Walker Bush. It describes each of the justices' backgrounds and their accomplishments while in office and then looks at the background of their Presidents and the reasons the President appointed them.
Table of Contents:
John Jay
George Washington
Samuel Alito
George Walker Bush
From the Paper
"George Walker Bush was born on July 6th, 1946 (Ivins, 2000). He is currently the 43rd President of the United States. His father was George Herbert Walker Bush, the 41st President of the United States. Bush was born in New Haven, Connecticut. From ninth grade through his senior year, G. W. Bush attended Phillips Academy, a prep school in Massachusetts. Following Phillips Academy, Bush attended Yale University, like his father and grandfather had before him. While attending Yale, Bush was part of an infamous secret society, Skull and Bones. Both his father and grandfather had been members before him, along with other figures of note such as John Kerry, Robert A. Lovett, Alphonso Taft, and Austan Goolsbee are or were also members. Bush graduated from Yale in 1968 with a history degree (Ivins, 2000). After graduating George entered the Air National Guard. Bush briefly worked on a Republican senate campaign in 1972. After failing to get into the University of Texas in 1973, he applied to Harvard Business School and was accepted. After a few years, Bush graduated with a Masters in Business Administration. He then began work in the oil industry (Ivins, 2000)."
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Supreme Court Justices, 2006.
An analysis of Supreme Court Justices and their criteria for appointment.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses three judges and why they were nominated as Supreme Court Justices. The paper examines the president's role in appointments and his criteria for nomination. The writer describes how these three nominees have demonstrated the range of reactions which a supreme court candidate may inspire: relatively quick confirmation, as in the case of Roberts, immediate debate and rejection or withdrawal, as was the situation with Miers, and the intense hearings and ideological and partisan battles which are anticipated for Alito.
From the Paper
"The president then chooses who he perceives to be the most qualified candidate for the position, taking into consideration some ideological qualifications (such as how the candidate interprets the Constitution and whether or not the candidate has prior biases to certain issues) and political issues (if the candidate can reasonably be expected to be confirmed by the Senate). There are no mandatory qualifications for education, age or nationality; any candidate selected by the president is eligible for Supreme Court membership."
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International Criminal Justice System, 2006.
An outline of a model for a global system of law enforcement and justice.
2,376 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes that an International Criminal Court based upon already existing working models of criminal justice systems could and should be established. Next, the paper examines some of the existing models of law enforcement and explains how they could be expanded and combined in order to create a global system of law enforcement that would supercede the current national systems in operation, rather than be subordinate to them.
Outline
Argument against International System
European Model Already Exists
Lessons from the International Criminal Court
Positive: It Pre-exists Incidents
Negative: It has Limited Jurisdiction
Historically, Global Investigation of Financial
Misdeeds Useful for New Organization
UN Crime Conferences Establish Grounds for Action
UN Already has Mandate
Interpol Already has Experience and Good Reputation
Combine These, Use Facets of Each
From the Paper
"There is a major argument against forming a true international justice agency often cited by opponents, that in creating such an entity, individual states would lose a portion of their sovereignty. However, there are already components of such an agency, from finding and arresting criminals to bringing them to justice, in place. Expanding them, at a time when sending information across national boundaries is instantaneous and universal, seems essential, more essential, in fact, than was the creation of the European Union, once a seemingly impossible concept as well. It was, for example, unthinkable that European nations would relinquish their own currencies in favor of an international standard, at least among those nations."
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