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Interdependent Waves of Feminism, 2008.
An analysis of the wave theory in feminism.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the wave theory in feminism. The paper points out that some scholars and activists argue that this metaphor aptly describes the historical progression of feminist theory, while others explain it as a historical progression through the use of waves. This paper argues that the wave theory, because it is essentially a generational paradigm, deceptively suggests that the challenges and struggles of an earlier generation do not apply to those that succeed it. The paper then analyzes a seminal issue, from each of the three waves, that continues to reverberate today: black women and poverty, negative feminist stereotypes, and the continued demotion of a black woman's status and word.
From the Paper
"Most historians delimit the years of the first wave as those between the 1848 Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920. The women that formed this generation of feminists (even though they never used that rather modern word) were concerned, above all else, with de jure political inequalities like the withholding of suffrage. However, these same women were integrally involved in the anti-slavery movement, and much of their activism aimed to alleviate the situation of African-American women in the southern states. Slavery, of course, ended after the Union's victory in the civil war, but that sad chapter in American history still reverberates loudly today, and it would not be an exaggeration to write that the trauma of that experience trickled down through the generations and is directly responsible for the social and economic predicaments that so many African-Americans find themselves facing today."
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Interdependent Relationships Found in Kingsolver's "The Bean Trees", 2001.
A look at the characters' development in the above work through their relationships with one another.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the theme of miraculous things happening when people have others to depend on and who allow others to depend on them. The essay begins with the character of Taylor and follows a chain of friendship and influence through Lou Ann, Mattie, Estevan and Esperanza. The author concludes with a look at the effects of the group forming a family of sorts.
From the Paper
"From the moment they meet, Taylor and Lou Ann know they share a common kinship in more ways than one. Both were born and raised in Kentucky and have experienced their fair share of hardship growing up, and they are both single parents struggling to get by day to day. Yet, when they meet and begin integrating their lives together to form a bond of support, encouragement, and friendship, the obstacles they must overcome seem a little easier to bear. They help one another by sharing household chores, expenses, and child rearing, virtually erasing the difficulties associated with their plight. Taylor and Lou Ann come to depend on one another for monetary as well as emotional support in order to survive. Separately, they may never have successfully accomplished all that they have endeavored to do together. Without the support of one another, they may never have grown into the mature women that they will become. However, they do not accept all the credit for blossoming into successful, self-confident women. They give a lot of credit to their friend and confidant, Mattie."
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Interdependence, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of international adoption and the difficulties adopted international children face in forming interdependent relationships.
1,501 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes interdependence in psychology with respect to international adoption. Specifically, the researcher focuses on the problems that international children have after adoption within the United States, including language or behavior problems. The paper then suggests some solutions to the problems that these children have.
Table of Contents:
Introduction/Background
Opinion/Assumptions
Nature of Interdependence
Types of Interdependence
Levels of Interdependence
Responsible Expression of Interdependence
From the Paper
"Rusbult & Van Lange (2003) suggest that interdependence theory "does not identify an overarching need or drives that fuels interpersonal behavior" but rather suggest that humans have "diverse instrumental and social-emotional needs, some biologically based and others learned" (p.351). In the case of international adoptions situations may exist where conflicting interests "involve challenging problems of adaptation" (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003, 351). In these situations personal preferences are made known and an impulse toward "reciprocity" become powerful (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003). Most people's impulses in these situations tend to be more "self centered and de-structured, prosocial reactions requiring transformation of the given situation" (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003: 351). In these cases it is essential that parents act on behalf o their child at all costs to help avoid dilemmas and provide children the opportunity to exhibit more positive rather than negative reciprocity in a relationship."
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Globalization and Economic Interdependence, 2006.
This paper discusses the force of globalization and how it is not only creating a world that is economically interdependent, but one that is changing the nature of human purpose.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses globalization and how it is changing the nature of the human purpose as well as reshaping us towards a new purpose. The paper further explains that these changes are occurring in the context of the global economy and that, through globalization, the entire world is becoming economically interdependent.
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World Interdependence, 2005.
This paper discusses whether the world is becoming more interdependent.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the concept of interdependence was borne out of the emerging Cold War liberal tradition from the 1960s to 1980s. The writer maintains that although the answer that the world is becoming increasingly independent seems evident, both empirical and theoretical groundwork on the concept is contestable. The writer discusses that liberal thinking can be tracked back as far as John Locke in the 17th century, but it is not until recently in the 20th century that liberalism has emerged as a rivalling paradigm to traditionalist or realist theory and has stirred such great debate. The writer concludes with the belief that the changing relations of this time are best analysed, explained and interpreted with a changing variety of tools.
From the Paper
"Keohane and Nye's concept of interdependence was in this sense less radical, because they incorporated many traditional aspects that would steal the thunder out of the realist critique levelled against Burton. Within their analysis they maintained a highly state-centric focus and also incorporated traditional concepts of power. While complex interdependence was certainly an ideal function, for the theoretical groundwork they ascribed interdependence as less omnipresent than Burton did. The significance of interdependence was restricted to international regimes, which were argues to can make a difference through enabling deepened levels of cooperation in areas of mutual interest. Although being more cautious than Burton, they did endorse a win-win logic rather than the zero-sum mechanism and thereby picked up on earlier ideas of harmony of interest. Their main stipulations, however, was that this was not an inevitable logic for international relations as a whole - it was rather applicable to certain transnational relations and not to others. Power remained a key emphasis and indeed an analytical tool in the array of theories."
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Social Interdependence, 2005.
An analysis of the article, "Social Interdependence and Performance and Motor Performance: A Meta-Analysis", by Stanne M. Johnson, D.W. Johnson, and R.T. Johnson.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the article attempts to evaluate the importance of positive forms of social interdependence in such psychological factors as building student self-esteem and in creating more effective educational environments for students through the medium of cooperative learning. It explains how the article defines the concept of social interdependence. It also shows how, theoretically, social interdependence functions within positive and negative fashions, how it may be quantitatively measured in terms of the alliances individuals feel towards different social groups, for example, why it is an important concept for social scientists and educators, and how it may be deployed in cooperative learning situations.
From the Paper
"Organizationally, for a theoretical paper the use of definition, statistics, and then specifics is admirable. However, the problem with the writing style is that the authors Stanne, Johnson and Johnson are (1999) are so theoretical in their approach as to what is essentially a humanistic concept, that of social relationships and interdependence, that the text is excessively dry and difficult to apply to the lived reality of human, functional existence in a way that might be useful to educators in, for instance, creating lesson plans. Most educators already make use of some form of ?working in groups??how does one deploy this in a fashion to encourage social interdependence? In other words, some more detailed anecdotal examples of the functions of social interdependence would have been helpful, particularly earlier in the paper, when the concept is being defined."
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State Sovereignty and Economic Interdependence, 2003.
An analysis of the rise of international interdependence, using the European Union as a case study.
1,074 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
State sovereignty, although detrimental in some regards, remains necessary and valuable. Despite impeding the establishment of powerful international institutions, state sovereignty insures greater political and military independence, advantages that states are unlikely to sacrifice for economic reasons. This essay uses the example of the European Union to explain the ways in which economic interdependence does not necessarily imply political or military interdependence. It explains the importance and necessity of state sovereignty.
From the Paper
"Although the EU has established some institutions resembling an increased tendency toward interdependence and shows signs of expanding to encompass more countries in the future, its actual degree of interdependence is questionable. Realists state that ?real interdependence required that states experience mutual vulnerability,? something that European states seem unwilling to do (Lieber 363). Nineteenth and twentieth century nationalism frequently arose and was solidified because of wars, and there has been no similar situation to link the continent of Europe into a common statehood."
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Economic Interdependence, 2005.
This paper explains how managed economic interdependence should lead to security in the Asia-Pacific region.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper maintains that managed economic interdependence will and could lead to security in the Asia-Pacific region, now with rising political instability. The paper stresses that the process is different than in the European Union. The paper provides the definition of interdependence and its counter theory leading to the trade expectation theory and its weaknesses. The paper concludes with a political and economic overview of the Asia-Pacific countries and some suggestions for the future.
From the Paper
"The definition of the term "interdependence" is in reality a combination of two words. Dependence meaning relying on something or someone and inter a Latin word for between. Taken in an economic context, the significance is apparent - the world we live in today is based on a successful application of the true meaning of this word - how we depend, rely on one another, in other words, how we trade. The hypothesis of my paper will be to prove how managed economic interdependence will lead to security with the accent on the Asia-Pacific region."
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Interdependence in the Public Sector Budget, 2002.
Presents a detailed examination of public sector budgets and how certain factors are interrelated.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
There are many items that make up the spending of a public sector budget, including the decision making process, the planning, and the release and flow of the budget funds. The system works because of the interdependence each phase has on the other phases of the process. This paper presents a detailed examination of public sector budgets, using the example of city and state governments to provide the reader with an understanding of the budget process. The writer displays the way the decision making process, the planning process, and the budget are all interrelated.
From the Paper
"Making the decision is something that is done by appointment or by vote and it often includes an opportunity for public comments. These comments can be about the decision itself, the budgetary considerations or other aspects of the process. The decision is made and if it is in favor of the project or service the next step is the planning. The planning has been interconnected to the decision making process because the planning had to be looked at during the decision to accept and perform the project or service for public value."
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Software Testing and Design, 2000.
An examination of the interdependent process of designing new software and testing it for errors and debugging, focusing on procedural software and object-oriented software.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Before discussing the comparative testing requirements of traditional, procedural software and object-oriented software, it is necessary to ask a basic question: what does it mean to test software? The answer given by one authority is simple and straightforward. According to Glenford Myers, "testing is the process of executing a program with the intent of finding errors" (Williams, 1995, p. 252). Errors are inevitable; has anyone ever written "Hello, world" in a new language for the first time and had it run on the first attempt?
Moreover, the most serious errors are not those that cause the program to fail to compile, or even runtime errors that produce obvious nonsense output. A tricker class of errors -- and particularly difficult for the designers to find -- are those that result from unintended "error" inputs. The designers, who know..."
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Multilateralism, 2001.
Analysis of post-Cold War economic change in U.S.-Latin American relations from loosely connected national markets to interdependent global market. Issues of national sovereignity and free trade.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"In this modern era of globalization, traditional conceptions of national sovereignty have changed, focusing now on international economic concerns based largely upon free-trade. In this new period of international relations between the United States and Latin America, militaristic interventions to restore political democracy are simply not prudent or necessary; the cold war has drawn to an indomitable close, democracy has been satisfactorily safeguarded, and regional conflicts are(thankfully) no longer in danger of being fueled or exacerbated by superpower competition and intervention(Bouzas, pps. 171-173).
The greatest international change affecting U.S.-Latin American relations today is perhaps the steady transformation of the world economy from a series of loosely connected national markets to an increasingly ..."
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"The Sun Also Sets" ( Bill Emmott ), 1995.
A summary of this work analyzing and demystifying Japan's rise as an economic power in an increasingly interdependent world.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 1 source, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"Since World War II, the world has watched as Japan rebuilt itself from a defeated enemy to a participant and then a leader in the global economy. "Made in Japan" no longer carries the aura of inferior goods; indeed, many Americans consider Japanese goods to be of higher quality and lower prices than American goods. The nation that was once considered nonthreatening and powerless in the world economy has emerged as one of the most significant economic powers of the late twentieth century. How this transformation came about, and what it means to Americans and the world at large, is the subject of this research.
In his book, The Sun Also Sets, Bill Emmott takes on the rise of Japanese power. Emmott holds that the power of Japan is not limited merely to its economic strength, which is formidable, but also crosses over into fashion, cuisine, financial services and ..."
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Interpersonal Conflict Resolution, 2001.
A paper discussing the interdependent relationship between interpersonal conflict resolution and effective communication, with reference to Grensing-Pophal's 'effective listening' techniques.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines why conflict resolution is vital in relationships, whether they be marriage partnerships, friendships or work relations. Issues such as taking a dialectic perspective, jealousy management, instability, detachment and preconceived notions are dealt with. The writer makes reference to several case studies of married couples in order to support the argument.
From the Paper
"The chances of having problems between persons are great. Interpersonal conflict management and communication skills are necessity. They can be applied to any situation of interpersonal conflict that occurs between two or more persons. Those persons can be spouses, co-workers, or even victim and perpetrator. In order to resolve problems, interpersonal conflict resolution and communication skills must be adhered to.According to Boisvert, et al (1995), a study was done in Quebec concerning marital conflict. The respondents were from 18 to 25 years old (33). "Results show that communication problems were perceived as particularly frequent and damaging for couples" (33)."
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Modern Political Theories, 2003.
A look at classical realism and complex interdependency theory in modern politics.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper exlores major tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory. It argues that classical realism does not provide adequate theories for modern politics because of the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Each weakness of classical realism is argued with a specific historical evidence. It also demonstrates how weaknesses of classical realism can be overcome by strength of complex interdependency theory.
From the Paper
"The traditional agenda of international affairs ? the balance among major powers, the security of nations ? no longer defines our perils or our possibilities. Now we are entering a new era. Old international patterns are crumbling; old slogans are uninstructive; old solutions are unavailing. The world has become interdependent in economics, in communications, in human aspirations. " Realist perspectives on politics have existed since Thucydides and have evolved through the work of scholars such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Rousseau. Tempered by two world wars, realism became the dominant discipline of international politics. Realism, focusing mainly on the roles of states and power in international politics, and elaborated by scholars such as Hans Morgenthau and John Herz, provides an effective frame for understanding international politics of the post world war era. However, witnessing tremendous incidents in international relations such as the Vietnam War, the oil crisis, the rise of a transnational advocacy networks, and the rapid post-war spread of multinational corporations, scholars have begun to realize that realism does not always provide adequate theory for every historical event. Consequently, they seek ?better? alternatives to realism. This search leads to two questions: in which areas is realism weak? And which alternative would be ideal for overcoming the weaknesses of realism? This essay will argue that classical realism, which is still crucial for understanding the concepts of power, national interests, and rationality, is particularly weak at accounting for changes in international politics such as the rise of nonstate actors, the decline in the importance of military force, and the blurred boundary between domestic and foreign politics. Nonetheless, the weaknesses of realism can be overcome, and it will be argued that an examination of the main tenets of both classical realism and complex interdependency theory reveals that complex interdependency theory provides a more adequate theory than does classical realism and can better account for the areas in which classical realism is weak. In order to clarify this argument, this essay will begin by describing the main tenets of classical realism and complex interdependency theory."
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What Is Globalization, 2004.
A look at what dimensions of change are identified by those who argue that globalization and interdependence are transforming world politics.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses shifts in the balance of power and in security rather than how psychological and social changes are affecting politics. The paper looks at how globalization and interdependence weaken sovereignty. It then outlines the rising power of non-state actors, such as NGOs and transnational corporations. The writer also discusses the nationalist, and often disintegrative, forces that exist as part of the globalized world. It ends by describing the effect that globalization has upon security.
From the Paper
"The weakening of state sovereignty is often part of the definition of globalization. Sovereignty is being eroded in several ways. A global society is developing in which people share similar experiences and values and feel connected to people in other states. In the global society, personal allegiance to the state may be not be as strong as allegiance to substate or international groups. In addition, the lack of hot war between great powers after WWII has meant that the great powers are less able to wield their national symbols effectively and inspire devotion to the state. This lessens the state's power over its citizens in crucial situations, such as when a state wishes to go to war. I will discuss that situation further in later in the paper. In the global society, people feel bound by common humanity and are therefore sensitive to human rights violations. Globalization has not stopped human rights violations but the actions have become publicized through recently improved communications networks and human rights abuses are likely to be censured. Human rights violations may even result in humanitarian intervention, which will be discussed later. The qualifications for sovereignty have changed. Legitimate state authority is now "linked, in moral and legal terms, with the maintenance of human rights, values, and democratic standards." State sovereignty is frequently violated by intervention and undercut by the allegiances of the state's own citizens."
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