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Insular and Case Poverty, 2005.
This paper analyzes governmental influence on case poverty and insular poverty, using the article 'The Position of Poverty' by John Kenneth Galbraith.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the article by Jacobs that reflects Galbraith's theory on Insular and Case Poverty shows certain principles that are correctly adhered to in certain ways, but are delineated in other cases by government corruption. In this manner, many Southeast Asian countries are underdeveloped or overdeveloped depending on how governments structure their class systems. By analyzing this article, there is a greater comprehension of how class is developed through governmental support or non-support in relation to defining aspects of poverty in the modern era.
From the Paper
"This poverty study critically analyzes the idea of Case Poverty and Insular Poverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. By understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that Case Poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. By critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The first defining aspect of Case Poverty is clearly related by Galbraith in identifying those that cannot function on the same level as other members within a given society."
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World Poverty and Poverty in the USA, 2007.
An explanation of poverty experienced in the USA and in the developing countries.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the global issue of poverty as well as the poverty that exists today in the USA. The author describes the different lives that the poor in America have compared to those struggling to survive in developing countries. He provides some of the causes that lead to abject poverty and concludes that if we cure the world of poverty, we will cure the world of hunger, thirst, illiteracy, and disease.
From the Paper
"When Americans think of poverty, many of them tend to think of people living on the street and begging for money in our nation's biggest cities. Many are naive to the fact that almost one billion people are living in "absolute poverty." Absolute poverty, as described by Robert McNamara, are "those living, literally, on the margin of life. Their lives are so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease as to be beneath any reasonable definition of human dignity" (23). The main reason for McNamara's definition is to help Westerners understand that poverty is a lot different to us than it is in the developing world.
"The poor in New York City may be living under a bridge or sleeping on a park bench, but they rarely have to worry about how they are going to eat since the United States offers programs to aid the poor, such as homeless shelters, soup kitchens, and food stamps. In the developing world, it is a different story. Millions of children receive insufficient amounts of food, especially protein, which thereby causes their brains to remain undeveloped and leads to a higher chance of less-productive lives. Millions of these children die each year before the age of five due to malnutrition and diseases associated with malnutrition (23)."
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Lee Jacobs' Article: "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty", 2008.
This paper analyzes governmental influences on case poverty and insular poverty in Southeast Asia based on the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This study critically analyzes the idea of case poverty and insular ioverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. The paper explains that, by understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that case poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. The paper further suggest that, by critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The paper then applies this concept to the poor in Southeast Asian countries.
From the Paper
"These ironic features that are contained within economic barren areas reflect the way that governmental development influences what is to be deemed insular poverty. For instance, if a country like Cambodia has resources in rice, a lack of government development could make Cambodia behave within Galbraith's definition of insular poverty without geographical isolation. ...
"This factor further helps develop the terms of poverty that are imposed upon people, through the so-called insular factors of poverty."
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Redefining Poverty, 2003.
Explores the need to redefine the term 'poverty' to improve poverty alleviation strategies.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
The term 'poverty' does not have as clear-cut a definition as many suppose. In the past, the World Bank defined it as a form of economic deprivation, inhibiting access to necessary resources such as food, medication, shelter, or clothing. This paper shows, however, that by 2001, the World Bank realized that the definition of poverty as "deprivation of income" was simply too limited and limiting because it viewed poverty only from the economic perspective, overlooking the social perspective. It is limiting because the economic definition of poverty engenders poverty alleviation strategies, which aim to improve the economic status of individuals, communities, and areas by addressing the economic infrastructure alone, overlooking the fact that the social and political infrastructures may be, and often are, equally responsible for poverty. The paper shows that realization of the mentioned limitations motivated the World Bank to redefine poverty as used in its annual reports. This new definition, holding poverty to be a "pronounced deprivation of well-being," does address some of the limitations of the older definition, but is not a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it has failed to engender new poverty measurement variables, maintaining the same limited and limiting ones used in the earlier definition.
Outline
Definition
Measurements of Poverty
Social and Political Deprivation
Choice in Poverty
Alleviation Strategies
Criticism of Alleviation Strategies
Re-Emphasizing a New Definition of Poverty
Case Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, poverty is the absence of equality and equal opportunity. If one considers this definition carefully, especially in light of the areas of inequality highlighted by Todaro, one sees the rationale behind, and the validity of, this definition. Quite simply stated, the unequal status of women and minority groups in many LDC's determines the inability of those groups to access economic independence or even the opportunity for stable employment at fair wages. If we go a step beyond, one will note that resistance to employing women, consequent to patriarchal cultural attitudes prevalent in many LDC's such as rural Egypt, culminates in the exclusion of a significant percentage of the population from participating in national economic development efforts."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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America's War on Poverty, 2002.
An analysis of the effectiveness of welfare reform on poverty and anti-poverty policy in the U.S..
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a critical look at poverty and anti-poverty policy in the US. Intuitively, it is easy to make the hypothesis that spending more on poverty is better for the greater good. For instance, states with greater percentages of their population below the poverty line should spend more to reduce the incidence of poverty in their jurisdictions. In reality, however, this hypothesis has proven to be invalid. This paper will argue that, rather than improving, poverty is becoming more prevalent.
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Poverty, 2006.
A discussion regarding poverty, the causes and possible solutions.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of poverty, poverty in the USA, what poverty in a developing country such as Ethiopia is, what the solutions appear to be for ending poverty, and who is ultimately responsible for poverty. The paper concludes that poverty is something best resolved through education and informational exchange across countries and that the blame for poverty should not be affixed to those who are poor, but to those in government whose poor decision-making have exacerbated poverty in some communities.
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Poverty & Black Liberation, 1990.
This paper is a study of poverty, official poverty policy and the politics of Black Liberation: Civil rights, riots of 1960s, black radical leaders, economics and jobs and the welfare system.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This is a study of poverty, official poverty policy, and the politics of Black Liberation--its checkered past and uncertain future. Why did black ghettoes explode in the 1960s, immediately in the wake of the Civil Rights revolution? And why have they failed to explode, at least in the dramatic sense of mass rioting, in the 1980s, when the condition of the black poor in our inner cities seems worse than ever? Is the politics of black liberation dead? or is it ready to re-emerge in a new form? These are questions which we will attempt to touch on in the following pages.
If you hear the phrases "poverty in America," or "the poor," "the underclass," or even "the inner city," and they trigger any mental image, chances are that the image you will form is one of poor Americans who happen to be black. Our stereotyped image of ... "
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Poverty and Policy in Canada, 2008.
This paper looks at how the writer's attitudes towards poverty have changed after reading the first four chapters of "Poverty and the Modern Welfare State" by Raphael, Dennis.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores some of his previous misconceptions held regarding poverty and policy in Canada and also details how this course has produced a reconsideration regarding his hitherto unshakable faith in globalization and in free markets. The writer delves into a personal opinion of what it means for Canada that so many groups and individuals are poverty-stricken and further asserts why it is that the GINI coefficient detailed in the textbook is the most effective measure for gauging poverty insofar as it crystallizes how so many Canadians are falling behind in an ostensible age of plenty. The writer concludes that the troubled groups discussed in chapter three are not poor because they choose to be but because our society has done a poor job of "spreading the wealth" - and an even worse job of acknowledging the reality of widespread poverty.
From the Paper
"When I first began this course, I was, by my own admission, a pretty naive person when it came to poverty in Canada. For one thing, I did not really consider poverty to be a serious or pervasive problem in this land; I also did not appreciate just how pervasive has become child poverty. Moreover, I must say that I never really considered the serious democratic threat that poverty represents; to put it another way, the most disenfranchised people in our society are invariably the poorest, and that is something most Canadians, myself certainly included fail to appreciate when we complain about low voter turnout at election time or when we complain about the relatively low participation rates of some groups. One other belief I held as I entered the course was the curious belief that there is no correlation between government "tolerating" poverty and high poverty rates; rather, I clung to the fiction that, as long as a society embraced equal opportunity for all, poverty rates would never climb relative to other societies that, on the surface, seemed less ideologically committed to the old view that people could achieve anything - as long as government stayed out of their lives and as long as they were prepared to work tirelessly towards a long-term goals."
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The Economics of Poverty and Globalization, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in regards to poverty.
3,326 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several issues in relation to globalization that are discussed by P. Figini and E. Santarelli in their article entitled, "Openness, Economic Reforms, and Poverty: Globalization in Developing Countries". It explains that the research is examined in context of earlier research related to free trade and Mexico and the expansion of FDI in that market. The paper also explains the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty and how understanding these terms can be applied to the global economy in order to determine strategies to alleviate poverty and prepare economic benchmarks vital to reducing overall poverty levels, absolute or relative. The paper further discusses how Figini and Santarelli regard relative poverty levels as the most important aspect of poverty because these levels would be utilized in determining living wages as well as other economic factors that globalization impacts.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Free Trade & Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. While the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. As Bhagwati illustrates, globalization as an economic model depends on the integration of economic structures through trade, foreign investment activity, short-term capital inflows, and technology inflows in order to be successful (2004)."
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Feminization of Poverty, 2002.
This paper discusses the feminization of poverty a growing problem in America where increasing numbers of women and children have been forced into poverty, by a combination of social and economic factors.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many causes of the feminization of poverty including the breakdown of the two parent family and the inadequacy of women?s wages to support a family. The author explores the theories of John Mill and of many contemporary activists for an insight into this problem. The author feels that, to solve the difficult problem of the feminization of poverty, American policy makers must begin to see the feminization of poverty as a social and economic issue and disregard negative stereotypes of individuals in poverty.
From the Paper
"Edelman has many criticisms of the Clinton welfare bill. Troublingly, Edelman notes that the new bill allows states to manage their own welfare system. As such, welfare no longer needs to come as cash. For example, it could come in the form of certificates that must be redeemed with a specific contract organization. Further, Edelman notes that federal welfare funds are now capped, freezing funding for six years."
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Poverty and the Social Security System, 2006.
This paper discusses the social issue of poverty in the United States and the efficacy of the social security system in handling this situation.
3,082 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, despite the variety of social security and welfare programs were introduced to support the poorer and unemployed population, poverty persisted in the affluent society of the U.S. The author points out that poverty in America has a diverse view from the rest of the world as indicated by statistics of U.S. Department of Commerce (2001), which indicated that a typical American defined as poor by the government has a car, air conditioning, a refrigerator, a stove, a clothes washer and dryer and a microwave, far from the popular images of dire poverty conveyed by the press, liberal activists and politicians. The paper concludes that the Social Security is the U.S. government's greatest success story; by creating more jobs, improving educational facilities, eliminating corruption and by making optimum utilization of social security programs, the U.S. can virtually eliminate remaining poverty from the American society.
Table of Contents
Factor Responsible for Increase in Poverty
Poverty in United States of America
Diverse Definitions of Poverty in United States
Social Security Program
Methods of Reducing Poverty
Conclusion
Table 1: Ownership of Property and Consumer Goods among Poor Family-Units
From the Paper
"The NPR, the Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government conducted a joint survey, which revealed that Americans aren't thinking a lot about the poor these days. However, when they are asked about it directly, most Americans think that poverty is still a problem in this country, even in these generally prosperous times. In fact, a majority of Americans think poverty is not just a problem but a big problem. But they define it in a different way, 64% Americans say that a family of f our with an income of $20,000 is poor, whereas 42% say that a family of four earning $25,000 is poor. It shows great political divisions in the country on the subject of poverty."
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Poverty?s Worst Enemy, 2002.
A discussion of the effect of globalization on international poverty.
5,914 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how poverty is a global social problem and how people in various regions of the world experience it differently. It looks at how globalization accounts for an increased awareness of poverty as a global problem. It evaluates how the world-systems theory provides a simple explanation for the existence and continuance of poverty, the more powerful states exploit the weaker ones for production and sales and how this approach fails to account for other causes of poverty such as the presence of an authoritarian regime that has failed to open up to today?s global economy, as is the case in Iran.
Outline
What is the Extent of Poverty Worldwide?
How Do Particular People or Countries Experience Poverty?
How Can Theories of Globalization Help to Explain Poverty?
How Does Economic Globalization Contribute to the Problem?
How Does Political Globalization Affect Poverty?
How Does Cultural Globalization Affect Poverty?
Conclusions: The Globalization Debate
From the Paper
"What would be a better tool to measure human development? The Human Development Index (HDI) works better as a simple measure of human well-being than the Purchasing Power Parity. Every year, the United Nations releases an updated report on the HDI, measuring a country?s achievements in three aspects of human development?longevity, knowledge, and standard of living. Longevity involves measuring life expectancy at birth; knowledge is a measurement of adult literacy and combined gross primary, secondary, and tertiary enrolment ratio; and finally, the standard of living is measured by GDP per capita using the Purchasing Power Parity in U.S. dollars. Allow the HDI uses the PPP, it takes into account other factors, such as life expectancy and education, in determining the broad issue of human development. Even the HDI is not enough to measure a country?s level of development since it does not reflect certain issues such as political participation and gender inequalities."
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The Economics of Poverty, 2002.
An analysis and examination of the economics of poverty.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses poverty as an issue which transcends all social, cultural, political and religious subjects. The author of the paper shows that poverty is not only a developing country problem, as can be seen by the number of impoverished in the United States. Poverty as a concept is defined, with a study into what is considered absolute poverty. The effect of poverty on economics and society in terms of politics, education and health are examined. The author of the paper concludes with recommendations for effectively addressing poverty, including teaching self-sufficiency and eliminating the negative factors which contribute to poverty.
From the Paper
"Women bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and children growing up in poverty are often permanently disadvantaged. Older people, people with disabilities, indigenous people, refugees and internally displaced persons are also particularly vulnerable to poverty. Furthermore, poverty in its various forms represents a barrier to communication and access to services, as well as a major health risk, and people living in poverty are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of disasters and conflicts. Absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information."
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Poverty in America, 2006.
A look at the problem of poverty among children in America and the failure to pull these children out of the cycle of poverty.
2,749 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the poverty-stricken, desperate situations of approximately 12.5 million poor children in America and looks at the failure of the educational system to improve their plight. The paper describes the serious implications for a society so divided by class, traces the problems of today's schools back to the years after the second world war, explains how the way that public schools are financed in America contributes to the problem of social and educational inequality and explains how the current economic situation in America is making the problem of poverty and lack of opportunity for poor children even worse. Additionally, the paper provides a plan for addressing the problem of poverty which includes implementing school-governance teams and new teaching methods and revitalizing inner cities.
From the Paper
"The United States contains approximately 12.5 million poor children. Of these, 72% inhabit the central cities and their greater vicinities (US Dept. of Ed. 1987, 5). Many people view education as a way to move out of these deplorable conditions. The innercities of America contain many of these conditions but the educational system is not helping them. A large majority of school-age youths are not able to move ahead because their dropout rates are a full three times higher than for the children of the affluent (US Dept. of Ed. 1987, 3). The level of care and education the destitute receive is very poor. Much of this has to do with the economics of education. Schools rely on funding from local and federal governments as well as local property taxes for support and operation and the funding to schools in the urban districts needs to be increased to equalize the disparity in schooling received by poor students and their middle and upper-class counterparts."
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