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Inhumane Prisons?, 2008.
An argument against the harsh conditions of supermax prisons.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals the incredibly harsh prison conditions that include extreme isolation, no privacy and a significant reduction in stimulation. The paper questions the ethical aspect of these facilities, whether the conditions of the supermax prison are justified and whether such environments encourage the inadequacies of prison guards and supervisors. The paper then claims that the United States is living with the lack of morals and value for human life that is prevalent in Third World Countries.
From the Paper
"In the 1990's there was a conservative push to build supermax prisons that would house the most dangerous criminals. These inmates would require extraordinary security and the location of their incarceration would be based on their behavior rather than their crime. Two supermax prisons were constructed in Virginia. These identical prisons housed 1200 extremely dangerous inmates each. The supermax prisons represented a government that was tough on crime--during the 1990's parole is nearly abolished and prison sentences were made longer. Virginia is used here as an example of a national trend of isolating disruptive prisoners. There are actually thirty-six supermax prisons open currently in the United States (Lynd, 1996)."
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State Prisons Vs. Private Prisons, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the state prison and the private prison systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief comparison/contrast of state versus private prisons. As should become apparent, there are many problems afflicting the state prison system in the United States of America. That being said, the writer notes there are no guarantees that a private system will be the panacea some have felt it could and can be. In any event, the writer concludes that a conflation of the two might the best answer for America's woes.
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Prisons as Social Institutions, 2002.
Studies prisons and the objectives of prisons and then argues that imprisonment does not meet those objectives.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
Prison is an institution that society creates to confine people convicted of breaking the law. It is designed to be an institution that deters people from committing crimes, punishes and rehabilitates criminals, and protects the public by keeping dangerous offenders off the streets. It is important to study this social organization to gauge whether the manner in which society deals with criminality via prison is effective. In light of the evidence, it appears that the objectives of imprisonment do not match their desired effects. Prison has an economic basis and punishes crimes that are often committed by the poor. In many respects, the real criminality is committed by society, which criminalizes the poor by not allowing them the opportunity toward self-empowerment. Moreover, prison subtly supports established institutions, because by focusing on individual wrongs, it takes away attention from the inequity in social institutions.
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Governing Prisons, 2001.
This paper analyzes the book "Governing Prisons" by John Dilulio. It addresses administrative and financial concerns when running these institutions.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the controversial issue of prisoner rehabilitation or confinement. It presents an analysis of John Dilulio's book "Governing Prisons' and raises points of financial and administrative decisions which need to be made on a daily basis.
From the paper:
"There are so many different opinions on the best way to operate a prison. Should the prison?s focus be on punishment or rehabilitation? Should money be spent to make prisoners more comfortable, or should the department of corrections spend that money to try to prevent crime, thereby reducing the prison population altogether? John Dilulio, in his book, Governing Prisons, discusses the administration factors in prisons, and makes claims that many times, administrative factors can and do have an affect on inmate life. These factors must also be taken into account when deciding how money and staffing resources should be used to best meet the needs of the staff and the inmates. There should also be steps taken to ensure community safety and reintegration into the community for the inmates. "
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Sociological Function of Prisons in Ireland, 2008.
A review of the sociological function of prisons in Ireland.
1,689 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the function of the prison in society is three-fold. The prison should be a place of social vengeance, a place to separate those who are dangerous to society and a place where reformation takes place. The paper addresses the functions of prison in society as they apply to the prison system in modern Ireland. The paper concludes that this will support the thesis that the prison serves the purpose of a political tool.
Outline:
Traditional Purpose of Prison
Foucault on Discipline and Society
Prisons in Ireland
Hunger Strikes: Prisoners Strike Back
Political Prisoners versus Common Criminals
From the Paper
" Our modern prison system grew out of the social constructs of the 18th and 19th centuries. Prisons are institutions that exert power and control over those within its walls. It claims to be an egalitarian system, yet uses a hierarchical system of control. Foucault credits the ability to exploit the prison system to the rise of the bourgeouisie in the 18th century. His primary argument is that discipline creates the necessary supply of "docile bodies" that were needed for the new economy, particularly the industrial age."
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U.S. Prisons, 2004.
An overview of the organization and structure of prisons in the United States.
4,200 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies three different types of U.S. prisons and looks at several attributes of each. The three prisons that are looked at are private (Corrections Corporation of America, or CCA), state (State of Illinois), and federal. A comparison is made of each of the prisons, and some of the programs and ideologies are also discussed with some personal input from the author.
Outline
Background
History
Private
State
Federal
Organizations
Private
CCA Mission Statement
Background
Recidivism Rate
Programs
Religious Programs
State of Illinois
Background
Mission Statement
Recidivism Rate
Prisoner Population
Facilities Types
Programs
Work Program
PAWS
Day Camps
Release Preparation
Mental Health
Substance Abuse
Education
Federal
Background
Mission Statement
Growth of the Federal Inmate Population
Prisoner Distribution
Programs
Classification and Unit Management
Institution Designation and Orientation
Work Programs
Education, Vocational Training and Job Training
Substance Abuse Treatment
Mental Health Treatment and Counseling
Religious Programs
References
From the Paper
"The majority of CCA?s institutions have earned the merit of being accredited by the American Correctional Association (ACA). Accreditation by the ACA requires adherence to nearly 500 standards in facility design and operation. The remaining facilities are preparing for the accreditation process. Few public agencies can equal this record. One major standard that has raised some concern is the amount of training that a private officer receives. CCA adheres to the requirements set by the ACA. Each officer initially will receive one hundred and sixty hours of training and then continue with an additional forty hours of training each year. At county level, most corrections officers have two hundred hours of training initially, but then are not required to attend additional training other than a weapons qualification once each year."
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"Can Prisons Work?", 2002.
An analysis of Stephen Diguid's book, "Can Prisons Work?" and a discussion on alternatives to the prison system.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of Stephen Diguid's book, "Can Prisons Work?" The paper summarizes the book, as well as discussing our modern concepts of deviance and transformation. A discussion of alternatives to prisons is included, as well as a look at how it can be determined if incarceration has worked for someone.
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Recidivism Rates in Californian Prisons, 2007.
A look at solving the overcrowded prison crisis in California by reducing the rate of recidivism, or return to jail after release, of prisoners.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the California prison system is in crisis and how Federal authorities are poised to sweep in and force the release of prisoners if the California government is unable to find some way to reduce the prison population. While many suggest a brick and mortar solution (more prisons) or reductions in sentencing, the author suggests that reducing the demand for prison beds is the solution to overcrowding. It looks at how this can be accomplished in three primary ways- through programs, substance abuse treatment, and changes to the harsh parole laws.
From the Paper
"The definition of "recidivism rate" varies by agency, but the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation defines the recidivism rate as "The ratio of the number of recidivists to the number of felons at risk of recidivating during a particular period (Baumrind 2007)." The CDCR released data presenting the one and two-year recidivism rates for California inmates released from prison in 2004. This data shows that 38 percent of inmates return within one year, and 53 percent return within two years (Baumrind 2007)." These rates are comparable to previous research done by CDCR showing recidivism rates between 1997 and 2004. The long-term picture is even more grim- nearly 75 percent of convicted felons will return to prison at some point. "
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Overcrowded and Under-funded Prisons, 2006.
A review of the poor situation in US prisons.
3,422 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, according to the U.S. Department of Justice, in 2005 there were 2,186,230 prisoners being held in federal or state prisons or in local jails. The paper reports that a number of critics blame the U.S. war on crime and drugs for the six-fold increase in the prison population, which has resulted in the construction of the world's largest prison system in less than three decades.
From the Paper
"As in many states, the Texas state prison system was so overcrowded during the 1970's that many units were operating at 200 percent capacity, with sometimes five inmates to a two-person cell, while others slept on hallway floors and outside in tents (Vogel 2004). By the mid-1990's, despite the largest and most expensive prison-building program in history, correctional facilities still operated at or above rated capacities, and economic problems increased on both the state and federal level (Vogel 2004). A third of those attending the 1999 International Association of Chiefs of Police conference, named overcrowded facilities as the industry's greatest problem (Overcrowding 1999). Although 47 percent felt that keeping sex offenders locked up was the best solution to deterring sex crimes, Daniel Crawford pointed out that "keeping sex offenders locked up presents a bit of a conundrum considering that our detention facilities are overflowing" (Overcrowding 1999). "
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Education Programs in Prisons, 2004.
This paper discusses education programs in prisons as a valid form of rehabilitation.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that education is the most important form of rehabilitation for inmates because, although prison is often seen as a place of punishment, the public must look into the future as these individuals are released into society. The author points out that the higher the level of education a prisoner receives, the less likely he or she is to return to prison. The paper states that the reason why education in prison has such a positive effect on the recidivism rate is because when a prisoner receives an education, he or she also experiences a transformation of character that allows a release from the cycle of crime.
From the Paper
"According to John Linton, inmates are educated in prison so they will be something other than inmates later in their lives. Most inmates are placed in prison with less education than the general population. Linton explains that although the lower education level did not cause the inmate to commit any crimes, it is a ?factor in the criminal?s decision-making process?. In addition, an education allows the inmate to see a world of options, whereas a lack of education makes the inmate feels as though he or she has nothing much to lose. Linton also points out that a lack of education often results in low self-esteem and disrespect for ?others and institutions?."
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Abuse of Male and Female Offenders in Prisons, 2002.
An examination and analysis of the many issues related to the abuse of male and female offenders in prisons.
926 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by giving a general introduction to crime and its main causes. It then analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to the abuse of male and female offenders in prisons. In the second part of the paper the writer discusses the nature and extent of this abuse. In the concluding section, recommendations are offered for improving the relationship between male and female offenders and prison officials. This is in order to eliminate or at least reduce the level of abuse of offenders in prisons. The paper argues that only when government, law enforcement officials, and society ensure that offenders have the same basic human rights as non criminals, will the practice of abusing inmates end.
From the Paper
"Few issues transcend all economic, educational, ethnic, occupational, political, religious, and social lines and impact all individuals, either directly or indirectly. Crime is one such issue, affecting all individuals and society, both economically and non-economically. The main causes of crime are relatively simple to identify, i.e., lack of affordable housing, lack of high-paying jobs for lower and middle class wage earners, lack of trust between citizens and police officers, racial tensions, rising unemployment, etc. However, while the main causes of crime are relatively easy to identify, few effective and viable solutions to eliminating and/or reducing crime have been identified and implemented".
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Why Prisons Breed Criminals, 2007.
This paper contends that prisons lead to recidivism, allowing inmates to become better criminals.
922 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that prisons, by providing an environment unlike anything in society, hamper a convict's ability to reintegrate into society, thus leading to recidivism at a higher level of sophistication. The paper relates that the stigma of being a convict, in addition to the violent milieu created by jails, leave inmates with a skewed vision of how to act and interact with citizens. The paper contends that prisons need to provide venues for realistic social interaction.
From the Paper
"While many proponents of prison cite jail as a determent for crime, Michael Windzio (2006) has shown that, despite a growing prison population, the crime rate in America has increased. More than this, most people incarcerated are in prison for the second or third times, having fallen prey to recidivism. However, the fact is that most criminals relapse back into crime because the prison system is forcing an evolution of the criminal. Prisons create an environment so far removed from societal norms it in turn necessitates the evolution of criminals, leading to recidivism at a higher level of sophistication (i.e. better criminals) in order to ensure that convict's survival as a citizen."
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Overcrowded Prisons, 2002.
An analysis of the marketing strategies used to deal with the problem of overcrowded prisons.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper raises the issue of over-populated correction facilities. The reasons for this are evaluated. The paper presents an overview of the marketing strategies employed to combat the problem - private sector prisons, detention centers, work farms and so on. The downsides of these innovations are also discussed in this paper. Suggestions are made of how to prevent overcrowded prisons, by crime prevention programs and education.
From the Paper
"Service development strategies within the prison systems seem to be lacking. While a lot of money is being poured into developing and building new prisons, there doesn?t seem to be that much money given to prevention programs, research programs, or even law enforcement programs. If there are to be services developed to control crime, then shouldn?t there be more services developed to prevent it in the first place? Take education programs?within the prison systems, there are programs developed to educate the prisoners to be productive, working people when released from prison."
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Juvenile Offenders in Adult Prisons, 2008.
This paper argues that juvenile delinquents should not be sent to adult prisons.
4,020 words (approx. 16.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that imprisoning juvenile offenders in adult correctional facilities is counter-productive. The paper explains that adult prisons focus on punishment rather than rehabilitation, which increases the likelihood that these offenders will become violent career criminals. The paper further explains that the harsh conditions of adult prisons only encourages the perpetration of further crimes once these juveniles are released back into society.
From the Paper
"Because juvenile offenders in adult prisons are exposed to a criminal culture characterized by violence and abuse, adult prisons tend to degenerate a wayward juvenile delinquent into a hardened career criminal. Daily survival requires finding ways to fit into and be accepted in the adult inmate culture, but most juvenile offenders experience difficulty submitting to authoritarian relationships with adult inmates. Adjusting to this harsh environment requires accepting physical and psychological intimidation as a part of daily lives and developing physical and psychological intimidation behavior themselves in order to survive. (Eisikovits and Baizeman 5-20)"
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Literacy in Prisons, 2002.
A statistical report about the rate of literacy and illiteracy among inmates in prisons.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides many statistics about the rate of literacy of inmates as compared to the national public literacy rate. It shows that the rate is much higher within prisons than without and relates this to crime rates. The paper examines how the authorities are trying to fight this illiteracy amongst prisoners by providing programs and courses to improve their reading skills.
From the Paper
"The prison system is a subject of debate in communities around the country. Overcrowding is a problem everywhere, as older prisons close and inmates are shuffled to other facilities. There are strong debates regarding the incarceration of non-violent offenders such as drug users. Many feel drug rehabilitation would be a better alternative for them, and more cost effective, as well as help alleviate the overcrowding. Moreover, many feel that monies would be better spent on rehabilitation programs within the prison system, such as education and training programs."
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