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Inequality and Immigration, 2008.
A discussion of the ways that inequality can be seen in immigration in Canada.
2,289 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper argue that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of society. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of inequality and then explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration in Canada. It demonstrates how this manifestation of inequality serves the purposes of the powerful, usually leaders of business and various industries, in Canadian society as a means of controlling and dividing the labor market.
From the Paper
"This insight is important, as it allows us to understand the critical importance of vulnerability in the role of the immigrants in western economies. From this point of view, it is of critical importance that immigrants are both politically and economically vulnerable and dependent, for this ensures the docility of the immigrant labor force, as well as its potential to be used against indigenous labour in countries such as Canada. Through this process of "divide and rule" business interests influence the direction of government policies in areas such as the recognition of academic qualifications from non-Western sources. By the denial of recognition of these qualifications, business leaders ensure that the immigrant work force will remain docile and vulnerable to the influence of business for as long as possible. While we may acknowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs often succeed despite these barriers, this success does not deny the reality of the barriers themselves, and how they are used to foster inequality and the vulnerability of the immigrant work force in countries such as Canada."
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Canadian Black Immigrants and Inequality, 2008.
This paper discusses black immigrants, Canadian immigration policy
and the related inequality.
1,976 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper relates that this pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The writer explains that the Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and prevents family formation. This paper argues that the intention of the Canadian government is and always has been to ensure that blacks and people of color would never be a dominant group and have access to power in the country.
From the Paper
"Immigration policy provided a means to cope with labour shortages while it also defined what is meant by a suitable permanent citizen. That definition was determined by race, ethnicity, class, and also by gender. Black women from the Caribbean were in the worst position. Black workers received half the pay for performing the same work as whites. For domestic workers, conditions went beyond discrimination since they had to endure intolerable conditions of no free time, unpaid overtime, and had to live in. The live-in requirement guaranteed that the women could not form families."
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Socio-economic Inequality, 2002.
An examination of some of the causes of the current socio-economic inequality in the world, with a focus on several philosophers and their theories.
3,472 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
Inequality among human beings has been an issue of concern from times immemorial and some of the greatest thinkers in human history have sought to narrow the gap between the haves and the have-nots through their philosophy, teachings and efforts. The paper shows that, ironically, religion has contributed more towards the inequality of mankind than any other ?philosophy? in the recent past. It is not only religion however that has been responsible for the inequality. The paper shows that the whole economic and financial structure of capitalism, international financial rules and globalization is loaded in favor of the rich and has resulted in widening of the gap between the rich and the poor. We are now living in a world in which this gap is so pronounced as to be positively grotesque. The saddest part of the dilemma is that inequality in our world is increasing by the day. This essay is about the background, reasons and the present state of socioeconomic inequality. It includes a discussion of the theories of some of the leading philosophers in history who have deliberated on the issue such as Karl Marx. It examines the leading economic theory of our times?capitalism, and looks at its pros and cons. The present state of inequality in the world, the reasons behind rising inequality and its possible effects are also discussed.
From the Paper
"In the Western Christian world, inequality was accepted as a way of life due to the widespread feeling that the existing social structure based on equality was impossible to change. The early Christian Church teachings emphasized that somehow living in sin had created inequality and misery for mankind, and a life without sin would solve all injustices. It was only in the 17th and 18th century that philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau began to teach the inherent equality of man and belief in the possibility of social transformation began to spread. This was followed by the spread of socialist and communist thought that predicted social transformation and the demise of inequality through violent revolution."
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?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality? by Rousseau, 2002.
This paper discusses Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,? a philosophical work that explains how society came to be and how inequality emerged and existed in the society.
590 words (approx. 2.4 pages), 1 source, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jean Jacques Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality of Man?, that focuses on how man came to be different from other animals because of two characteristics: Pity and the need for self-preservation. The paper points out that a careful study of Rousseau?s work shows that man?s natural tendency for survival and self-achievement will drive him to want to dominate others, and that inequality will become the product of humankind?s selfish and self- achieving nature.
From the Paper
"Rousseau defends his primary claim about inequality by explaining how inequality came to be. Of course, Rousseau discusses the nature of man prior to the establishment of the society. Prior to Rousseau?s society, humankind is egalitarian in nature, and survival is only the main reason why people live (self-preservation). However, as time passes, and as man become more acquainted with other people, the need to achieve betterment, or perfectibility, arises; man thus aspire to attain superiority above the others (?In proportion as the human race grew more numerous, men's cares increased. The difference of soils, climate and seasons, must have introduced some differences in their manner of living?). Through this kind of thinking and objective, man becomes unfair individual, and the society that Rousseau talks about is created through the inequality of man."
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Locke and Rousseau on Economic Inequality, 2008.
A comparison of John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two theoretical models regarding economic inequality. The first is presented by John Locke in his "Second Treatise of Government", which addresses the origins of economic inequality. The second, which is in sharp distinction to these views, is presented by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality". The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both. It argues that, while both works are very similar in their imagined origins of economic inequality in the early history of property, they differ radically in how they represent property and the justifications for its differing accumulations that ultimately give rise to economic inequality. The paper concludes that Locke envisions property and moderate levels of economic inequality as a good thing, while Rousseau condemns this inequality as a corrupting influence upon human society in every respect.
From the Paper
"However, while there is a superficial similarity between how Locke and Rousseau each conceive of the state of nature, there is one important distinction between the two: property. While Locke conceives, as noted above, of an equality of property as existing in the state of nature, Rousseau contends that the innovation of property itself marked the ending of the state of nature and the beginning of human society.
"This is an important difference, and it goes to the heart of how each philosopher conceives of economic inequality. For example, it is clear from the outset of Rousseau's description of the state of nature and its defining characteristics that he sees property as not only a negative aspect of human society but as being fundamentally illegitimate as well."
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Globalization and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in terms of the immigrant population of the Greater Toronto Area.
2,208 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration, the paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, in order for Canada to meet the competitive demands of the globalized economy, it had to increase the number of immigrants for its labour force. Given the increasing prosperity of the traditional source countries in Europe, immigrants were increasingly drawn from non-traditional source countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The results of this are apparent in the increasing multicultural population of the city of Toronto. However, scholars have also noted how immigration has played a critical role in not only allowing the labour force to (re)produce itself generationally - in complementing the deficit from declining fertility levels - but also in introducing new skill sets and foreign capital to the economy. "
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Canadian Immigration Policy, 2002.
Examines how immigration policy in Canada overlooks gender issues.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how Canadian immigration policy does not address matters of gender, for immigrants still tend to be looked at in generic ways. At different points, it is stressed too that studies of immigrant and refugee conditions have sometimes tended to lump refugee women into categories that have already been in place that have more to do with a general concern for inequality at large, racism and sexism. Resettlement in Canada can be a challenging and troubling experience for women and it is stressed that women need not be asylum-seekers in order to find immigration to Canada a project that exceeds what they have expected.
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The Rise of Inequality in China, 2008.
An analysis of the historic development and implications for China of its growing economic inequality.
3,702 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of growing economic inequality in China. It discusses the issue in terms of its historic development and how it has shaped China today. It also describes its implications for China's future social and economic evolution and discusses the reason that this problem has been masked in the popular view of China today as an economic superpower.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ideology of Equality in Communist China
China's Economic Reforms and Increasing Inequality
The Scale Inequality in Contemporary China
Inequality and Political and Migration Pressures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the increasing levels of inequality in China - not only in terms of rural vs. urban, but also inland vs. coastal - present a clear and present threat to the legitimacy of the Communist government given its ideological origins in socialist egalitarianism. While the economic development of China and its opening to world trade has brought great wealth and development to parts of the country, other parts have suffered even more so. The geographic localization of this problem in rural/inland areas, as well as the discontent of many migrant workers in the urban areas, represents a disturbing prospect for the future of not only stable economic development in China, but for the continued rule of the Communist party and political stability in China as a whole."
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Social Inequality, 2004.
Discusses whether social inequality is inevitable, looking at the theories of several social theorists.
1,889 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Every facet of human investigation, from spirituality to mathematics, suggests the inevitability of inequality. Stasis, in the natural order, does not last eternally; every natural system is always in danger of descending into chaos without intervention. This paper argues that should equality ever be achieved, it, too, would be in danger of disintegrating into inequality. The paper shows that, while a number of social reformers, including Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, espoused a society without inequality, in fact, it seems that each believed inequality was inevitable. The paper also uses an analogy from the series "Star Trek" to discuss a utopian society.
From the Paper
"It is easy to conclude, then, that Marx?and to a lesser extent, Durkheim and Weber?were erroneous in their thinking that inequality could be eradicated. Indeed, from the unworkable premises they set forth?with their inherent quandaries about who is in charge of determining equality, and does that make the decider unequal??it is apparent that in human society, no less than in the porcine society of George Orwell?s Animal Farm, inequality is inevitable."
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Racism and Inequality in America, 2005.
Discusses the issues of racism and inequality in contemporary U.S. society.
1,854 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
Inequality and racism are fundamental issues that are in direct opposition to the principles of freedom, democracy and human rights that are such an important part of the American view of life. As such, racism and inequality are values that contradict the principles of freedom and equality that are enshrined in the American Constitution. This paper show, however, that the reality is that inequality and racism do exist in the United States. The paper discusses issues such as stereotypes and profiling, among others.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
The Prevalence of Racism in the United States
The Problem of Profiling
Causes of Racism
Economic Inequality
Solutions to Racism
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"While projects and organizations are essential components in the solution to racism, I believe that no amount of institutionalized projects can solve the problem of radial prejudice on a permanent basis. The real solution to racism in America lies in a change of perception and eradication of all stereotypical perceptions. In other words, the best method to eradicate racism is to do away with negative perceptions by making a concerted effort to develop an understanding of other cultures and to cultivate a more positive attitude towards life."
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The Education System and Social Inequality in Ireland, 2005.
A discussion of the connections between the education system and social inequality in contemporary Ireland.
1,845 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the widely accepted idea that the Irish education system leads to social inequality. It maintains that it is possible to argue the case that social inequality in Ireland influences and shapes its education system. It holds that, in general, most western education systems are based upon societal values and customs. The paper looks specifically at secondary-level education. Using Goldthorpe's model of class categorization to differentiate between the various social classes, the paper concentrates on the working-class and the middle-class categories. The paper also deals with the issue of equality of access to secondary and higher education systems, with regards to location, curriculum, social behavior and financial matters. It attempts to determine how and why these factors create social inequality in contemporary Ireland. The paper concludes that, due to social and cultural barriers, the working classes continue to be denied access to a full and healthy educational career.
From the Paper
"If we look at the report published by the Department of Education and Science (1998, p.27) concerning educational performance and family background, we see that while over 50% of those in the "Higher Professional" family background leave secondary school with over five honours in the Leaving Certificate, only 4.1% of children whose parents are unskilled manual workers will manage to achieve the same success (Tovey and Share, 2000.) That said, the percentage of children whose parents belong to the "semi/unskilled manual" occupational group attending vocational schools is far higher than that of children from "upper non-manual" family backgrounds (Breen, 1984), according to a survey carried out by the Economic and Social Research Institute."
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American Income Inequality, 2007.
This paper discuses geography as a factor in analyzing American income inequality.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North-South problem roughly outlines a trend in developed nations, including Germany, France and the United States, for the North to be more developed than the South, thus creating a geographical basis from which income inequality can be sourced. The author points out that another influence on geographical income inequality lies in the dissimilarity in the dynamic North-South urban centers, such as the Southern cities having a greater concentration of lower income nonwhites than Northern cities as well as their differing industrial bases. The paper relates that income inequality in the United States contributes to a growing concern about the availability of both health and education services for those individuals existing at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder.
From the Paper
"The economy of the South became increasingly agriculture based during its development, while the North was moving towards industrialization and manufacturing sectors. Wendy Shaw's study of the distribution of affluence and affluent communities in the United States clearly illustrates the economic inequality resulting from geography. A map displaying the 155 most affluent counties in the United States shows a tendency for such counties to be geographically centered overwhelmingly in the Washington, D.C. to Boston megalopolis."
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Inequality and the Rich-Poor Divide, 2006.
This article discusses if there is inequality between the rich and poor, and if there is, how intense it is.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Are the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer? The author brings a variety of articles that discuss the concept of inequality and how serious it really is. One article shows how income and wealth are not the same thing, another shows how rich and poor groups keep on changing, yet another discusses whether inequality is actually a problem, and finally an article defining the poverty gap as both income and asset poverty. There are differing views on what inequality consists of and what is problematic or just a product of the natural economy. The author concludes with these unresolved arguments and shows how complex the situation is.
From the Paper
"An article published in the Multinational Monitor titled "The Wealth Divide: The Growing Gap in the United States Between the Rich and the Rest" presents an interview with Edward Wolff, a professor of economics at New York University. The article provides information on the wealth gap in the United States, starting by noting that there is a difference between wealth and income. Wolff describes how wealth refers to the things that people own, including a home, real estate, shares, general belongings, and savings. One of the important things about wealth is that it determines how much income a person needs. For example, a person who owns their home outright and does not have a mortgage will be better off than a person who does not own their home, even if the two individuals have the same level of income. The other important point about wealth is that it provides a measure of security when individuals are unable to produce income for any reason. Wolff also describes trends and statistics regarding wealth in the article. These statistics include that in 1998, the richest one percent of households had 38 percent of all wealth and that the gap between the most wealthy and the least wealthy becomes constantly larger. This shows the extent of the inequality that exists in regards to wealth. It also shows how the wealthiest people make up only a small amount of the total population, yet have over one-third of the wealth. This shows that inequality does not exist only in regards to income, but is equally concerning in regards to the distribution of wealth."
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Poverty and Social Inequality in Canada, 2005.
An analysis of poverty and social inequality in Canada and its implications for advanced societies.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This four page paper examines social inequality and poverty in Canada. The paper suggests that poverty and social inequality have always existed in human societies, for they are the inevitable consequences of materialism, prejudice, and economic injustice. The paper goes on to suggest that the persistence of poverty and social inequality in Canada demonstrates that even in advanced, industrialized, democratic societies, many people continue to be victimized by powerful economic, political, and social forces beyond their control.
From the Paper
"Poverty and Social Inequality in Canada: An Analysis Tragically, poverty and social inequality have always existed in human societies, for they are the inevitable consequences of materialism, prejudice, and economic injustice. The persistence of poverty and social inequality in Canada demonstrates that even in advanced, industrialized, democratic societies, many people continue to be victimized by alliances between the government and powerful business interests. According to Canadian census data collected and analyzed by researchers such as Picot and Myles (2005) there is a widening gap between rich and poor in Canada, and a sharp increase in the number of working people who earn less than twenty-thousand dollars a year."
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Inequality and Economic Growth, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between inequality and national economic growth.
2,761 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether inequality is necessary for economic growth to occur. It questions whether, in low development countries, economic growth is the result of equal distribution of income and if per capital income must reach a minimum level before income inequality decreases. The paper also looks at whether countries of unequal income distributions experience slower growth than more "equal" countries. Additionally, the paper discusses whether governments should be implementing policies of redistribution in order to aid the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Common Questions & Models
Global Data - Inequality Distribution Issues
Deinger and Squire: The Third and Arguably Most Important Question
Other Macroeconomic Research
A Microeconomic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One would aim for the more optimistic view that equality and economic growth are compatible, because the current global state of regional poverty is a major problem, with no clear end in sight. This impresses an importance on determining a state whereby economic growth is possible alongside a simultaneous increase in the fortunes of the world's poor. However, researchers who have viewed the issue from afar tend to conclude that "the empirical evidence of the positive impact of greater equality on efficiency is still inconclusive" (Sharpe, 2003, p. 13). In other words, it may be naive to assume equality and economic growth is possible, particularly considering that much economic growth occurs in today's world based on the global phenomenon of inequality. However, researchers also conclude that "equally, there is little conclusive evidence of major negative effects on efficiency from equality" (ibid, p. 13), meaning that a relationship between economic growth and equality may be possible. It is up to further research to determine how this can be implemented in policy."
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