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Indian women's movements - 1850-1900, 2008.
A description and examination of how historians characterised Indian women's movements between 1850-1900.
5,658 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ways historians have characterised the nationalist women's movements in colonial India between 1850 and 1900. The author has also looked at three different schools of thought as separate chapters, in order to look at the notions of practices such as sati and Purdah that were prevalent in colonial India during the time in question.
Outline:
Introduction
The Cambridge School
The Feminist School
The Subaltern Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most of the government reports were written by men, either by British colonial officials, people appointed by the Raj or people associated with the nationalist parties like the Congress Party. They help to provide the public context of the anti-colonial movement and the British response to it, however this was the public context viewed through male only eyes and so cannot provide the entire picture.
"Furthermore, there is not much information concerning women's contributions in the domestic domain, which is central to women's experiences and so consequently is the main concern of women's writings. I will try to illuminate the work of historians who have looked at the role of women's agency both 'hidden' and 'seen', inside and outside of the domestic sphere.
"There are some perspectives that have not produced a sufficient amount of research to look at on the topic in question with one such perspective being Marxism, whereby there have been no major historical writings on the issue of Indian women."
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Korean and Indian Independence Movements, 2002.
A comparison between the independence movements of Korea and India in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of independence movements in India and Korea. The essay compares these two countries' independence actions (in a rejection of colonialism and imperial rule) and finds that India and Korea shared similar contexts of struggle; however, their struggles were defined by substantially different cultural and political influences.
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The American Indian Movement (AIM), 1991.
This paper discusses the American Indian Movement (AIM): Origins, leadership, Wounded Knee incident, purposes, politics, and the government responses to militant group.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The American Indian Movement (AIM) was an important militant group in the early 1970s. It was founded in Minneapolis in 1968 and was led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means. In November 1972, members of AIM drew attention to the plight of American Indians in modern times by taking over the headquarters of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C. A more dramatic statement was made during the period between February and May, 1973, when AIM occupied the town of Wounded Knee in the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. After the Wounded Knee occupation, the United States government made a systematic and concerted effort to disband AIM and other organizations like it. Although the movement had come to an end by the mid-1970s, it had already made an important contribution to the development of Indian rights at that time. By bringing the attention of the American people to ... "
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American Indian Movement, 1999.
Origins of AIM and the evolution of activism. Looks at the organization, leadership, major issues, fish-ins, urbanization, Alcatraz protest, response of governtment and " Wounded Knee" occupation.
6,300 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 18 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The Beginning of the American Indian Movement
Introduction
The American Indian Movement (AIM) was born out of the civil unrest and protest of discontented urban populations in the mid-1950s and 1960s in the United States. However, it should be understood that AIM was only one organization in a system of American Indian activism that dates back to centuries of mistreatment of Indian people. Despite its all-inclusive name, AIM was never accepted as a voice by all Indian peoples. Thus, an analysis of the organization, its founding and its success must be placed in the larger context of Indian protest activity, which existed before the founding of AIM and continued in many ways separate throughout AIM's existence.
Early Indian Protest Activity and Collective Action.."
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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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The Power and Influence of Social Movements, 2006.
A review of social movements with regard to the strength of power and influence of these movements.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses social movements with regards to Andrews, Whittier, and the documentaries providing convincing evidence that the powers of social movements are derived primarily from injustice in society. The paper further discusses how social, economic, or political conditions can no longer be tolerated by an oppressed group of people, social movements often arise, for such movements enable the participants to affect social change. These movements rarely achieve all of their goals because they always generate resistance, but they have often succeeded in attaining many of their goals.
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Transnational Social Movements, 2008.
This paper examines what insight social movement theory provides for the study of transnational social movements.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what is fundamentally striking about transnational social movements (TSMs) is the extent to which they are able to reach beyond the restrictive confines of the nation state. The writer points out that, due to the ever-increasing opportunities that are afforded by international travel and communication, such as email and the Internet, TSMs have a way of reaching new audiences, organizing them in new collectives and voicing common grievances in new ways. The writer also notes that members of TNMs may not be working class, but they do share the common perception of themselves as small people who are being overlooked by an increasingly powerful group of leaders that are calling the shots from places and spaces in which individual national politics may not exert sufficient influence. The writer concludes that even though theories of social movements might be seen as outdated because of the global context in which movements now operate, this should not gloss over the common features that TNMs do have with social movements before them and with the insights that social movement theories can provide.
Outline:
Introduction
Objectives of Transnational Social Movements
Chief Characteristics of Transnational Social Movements
From Theories of Class to Post-Industrial Society
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Such protests were organized quite deliberately to coincide with and confront the agenda that was being put forward by intergovernmental conferences. Objecting to the global spread of the neo-liberal economic model, protestors were keen to take to task not only the governments of the leading industrialized nations, but also to criticize international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as multinational corporations, which, in the protestors' views, were setting out policies that could not be countered if objections remained local and national-specific.
"Even though the nature of this movement is contested, it would still be possible to note the chief concerns of protestors as being objection to the globalization of a neo-liberal, monetarist economic philosophy. The strength of the protests against this doctrine are related to what its critics in the anti-capitalist movement see as the extreme negativity of its effects."
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The Women?s and Civil Rights Movements, 2001.
This paper chronicles the civil and women's rights movements of the United States, taking note of significant events and accomplishments for both fronts, as well as identifying the most influential figures in each of the movements and their contributions.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines both the women's and civil rights movements, including their origins and evolution. Included in the discussion of the civil rights movement are momentus events like A. Philip Randolph's famous threat to protest in 1941, the many freedom rides conducted by CORE, Martin Luher King Jr.'s famous speeches, etc. The women's rights movement is covered thouroughly as well, including the influence of the Betty Friedan founded NOW organization, and legislation such as the pay act of 1963 and momentus court decisions such as the 1973 Roe vs. Wade case. Both movements are traced from their origins up to the current time.
From the Paper
"As World War II commenced, African Americans and women in the United States were not much better off than they were in the late 1800?s. Blacks were no longer slaves, but the same was true by 1890. Women had gained the right to vote nationwide with the passage of the nineteenth amendment in 1920, but they still were not anywhere close to having the rights that white men did. Starting with the World War II period, women and African Americans began to organize massive movements for their rights, and these movements have effected great change in American Society. Today, women and blacks have more rights than they ever had before, and today?s society has been greatly influenced by both the civil rights and women?s movements."
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Nature of American Protest Movements in the 60s, 1999.
A look at the American protest movements, including civil rights, women's movements, and the anti-war movement, of the 1960s.
1,943 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 61.95
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From the Paper
"The 1960s were a time of social upheaval in American history, a time of protest against established institutions. Several groups perpetuated this upheaval with organized movements. The most widely known and supported were the blacks, women and students. Certainly, the organized movements represented a larger protest of certain sections of society against society's standards and established institutions, though each of the groups manifested this protest with reference to different issues. "
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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Social Movements and Politics, 2004.
An analysis of the effects of social movements on politics.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how social movements throughout history represented a new kind of politics. The paper contends that social movements have always helped bring about political change or a new type of politics, naming social philosophers kindred to politicians. The paper explains that one cannot study or offer a new type of social philosophy or movement without effecting political change. By examining the history of several social movements, the paper discovers political changes caused by the effects of these movements. The paper focuses on Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Stuart Mills who both initiated social movements that brought about a new type of politics.
From the Paper
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau makes it explicitly clear in his writings found "The Social Contract and Discourses" that he believes strongly in personal freedom and autonomy. Rousseau believed that a truly free government is one where everyone votes, every citizen. Rousseau argues that by everyone surrendering his or her rights to the sovereign equally they maintain freedom. He believes man has the most freedom in the state of nature, but because man has the ability to rationalize and the desire to be social, he must enter a social contract with others in order to have a free and equal society. Rousseau adamantly defends his belief in autonomy in his Discourses on the State of Nature, the Social Contract, and Sovereignty."
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Social Movements, 2007.
This paper examines the impacts of social movements and protests on American democracy.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper explores what social movements are and describes some of America's most important movements. The paper summarizes and explains the roles and impacts of these social movements and the significance of protest as a key aspect. The paper discusses how social movements and protests impact American democracy to the extent that they succeed in their aims of changing existing laws and public policies. Finally, the paper relates that social movements have the best chance of succeeding because they practice participatory democracy in which everyone has a voice.
From the Paper
"Still, some social movements succeed in their goals for social change (e.g., those like the Women's Suffrage Movement and the Civil Rights Movement, both of which made their marks on history and changed public policy). Other social movements fizzle out and eventually disappear, having created no change. Roles and impacts of social movements and the significance of protest (e.g., marches, demonstrations, rallies, letter-writing campaigns, and other forms of public protest) as a key aspect of social movements, on American democracy, therefore depend upon the individual social movements themselves; their leadership and organization; and their success (or the lack thereof)."
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Latin American Feminist Movements, 2002.
Examining the birth of feminist movements in South America, with focus on Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico.
587 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the rise and growth of feminist movements in Latin America. It shows how these movements were linked to other socialist movements of the 1960's and how they gain strength. It explains how the feminist movements argued for rights for women just as other socialist movements were demanding equal and civil rights for many population groups.
From the Paper
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The women?s movement of Latin America is a comparatively young one. It?s seeds were planted in the 1950s and 1960s when socialist revolutionary fervor swept through much of the world. In the face of poverty, inequality and oppression, people?s movements rose up in every corner of the Latin world. And in much the same fashion as Civil Rights, Women?s Rights and anti-Vietnam sentiments in the United States coalesced into a unified counter-culture movement by the 1960s, broad social revolution proved to be opportune for politically inclined women in Latin America. In these early days of women?s liberation, female guerilla combatants and revolutionaries had to contend with all the same concerns as their male counterparts (i.e. dictatorial central governments, unequal distribution of wealth, federal corruption, etc.). But this was compounded by the threat of sexually motivated violence, social subjugation and the general gamut of gender oriented prejudices. (Winn, 397). As such, women?s struggles to gain freedom from oppression extended beyond simple political discontent."
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Social Movements, 2004.
Looks at various social movements and how they are able to retain their membership over extended periods of time.
889 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines different social movements and the different factors that have enabled them to retain, and even add to, the ranks of their membership, over extended periods of time. The paper studies and compares radical economic movements, radical religious movements, and reformist movements in order to shed light on this topic.
From the Paper
"Patterns of holding membership ranks at a stable level may vary as well for leaders of the groups and members of the rank and file membership. For animal rights activists, to take one example, there is often a quite flexible definition of what constitutes animal rights as ethical lifestyle, and the proper ways to go about pursuing the goals of the movement. However, at the higher levels of the movement, composed of activists whose entire lives revolve around animal rights, there is often a strong, core cause and code of behavior that unites them. This is because, almost like a religion, the movement is so totally consuming, requiring a certain way of eating, dressing, and often transgressing the laws of the land in terms of defacing fur and stealing animals from laboratories."
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