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Indian Women's Feminist Movements, 2008.
A review of four articles regarding the ideology of feminist movements that existed within the Indian Nationalist Movement.
2,277 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the pragmatism of the women's feminist movements in Indian history by presenting the points of view expressed in articles written by four different authors, namely: Suruchi Thapar-Bjorkert's "The Domestic Sphere as a Political Site: A Study of Women in the Indian Nationalist Movement", Carol Hills' "Nationalism and feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of the Jhansi regiment 1943-1945", Basu Apama's "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947", and Stephen Legg's Gendered Politics and Nationalized Homes: Women and the Anti-Colonial Struggle in India: 1930-47". The analysis and discussion of these articles represents a critical view on the nature of feminism in India during the rise of Indian nationalism during the early and middle parts of the 20th century.
Outline:
Introduction
Analysis and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Basu Apama's article "Feminism and Nationalism in India, 1917-1947" dictates the state of feminist movements during a wide range of history, but provides the tenets of the feminist movement that was seen through the rise of Indian nationalism. Apama's argument for feminist liberation resides on the power of Mahatma Gandhi who actively supported the various feminist movements that sought to derail the traditional patriarchal constructs of violence as a form of opposition:
[Gandhi] claimed that women were better than men in waging nonviolent passive resistance because they had greater capacity for self-sacrifice and endurance, were less self seeking, and had moral courage.
This aspect of the women's movement helped to bring many women into the nationalist movement in India, but certainly, the pragmatic aspect of this foundation for feminist involvement only supports a patriarchal construct. One critical view of this feminist" ideology is that women were actively still performing a submissive role that could still deemed submissive to the male roles of aggression and "violence." The basis of a feminist movement in India appears to be validating the aggressive and submissive roles of women, especially when Apama defines women through Gandhi's ideology for being "less self seeking" in their agenda as a women seeking liberation. This begs the question: Were women merely being used as human shields through their typically submissive female roles in Indian nationalism? The pragmatism of Apama's article surely does not answer crucial questions as to how women were being liberated due to the often powerful men that still controlled political and traditional male roles in Indian society. Although feminist movements began to become more organized, the issue of its effectiveness is highly questionable under the policies of Gandhi in this period of history. In this manner, Apama promotes the freedom of women from the bonds of patriarchal institutions, yet there is little evidence that they made advances in reducing the often submissive stereotypes and generalizations made about them by the male donated nationalist movements in Indian history."
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Indian women's movements - 1850-1900, 2008.
A description and examination of how historians characterised Indian women's movements between 1850-1900.
5,658 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ways historians have characterised the nationalist women's movements in colonial India between 1850 and 1900. The author has also looked at three different schools of thought as separate chapters, in order to look at the notions of practices such as sati and Purdah that were prevalent in colonial India during the time in question.
Outline:
Introduction
The Cambridge School
The Feminist School
The Subaltern Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most of the government reports were written by men, either by British colonial officials, people appointed by the Raj or people associated with the nationalist parties like the Congress Party. They help to provide the public context of the anti-colonial movement and the British response to it, however this was the public context viewed through male only eyes and so cannot provide the entire picture.
"Furthermore, there is not much information concerning women's contributions in the domestic domain, which is central to women's experiences and so consequently is the main concern of women's writings. I will try to illuminate the work of historians who have looked at the role of women's agency both 'hidden' and 'seen', inside and outside of the domestic sphere.
"There are some perspectives that have not produced a sufficient amount of research to look at on the topic in question with one such perspective being Marxism, whereby there have been no major historical writings on the issue of Indian women."
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Latin American Feminist Movements, 2002.
Examining the birth of feminist movements in South America, with focus on Cuba, Nicaragua and Mexico.
587 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the rise and growth of feminist movements in Latin America. It shows how these movements were linked to other socialist movements of the 1960's and how they gain strength. It explains how the feminist movements argued for rights for women just as other socialist movements were demanding equal and civil rights for many population groups.
From the Paper
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The women?s movement of Latin America is a comparatively young one. It?s seeds were planted in the 1950s and 1960s when socialist revolutionary fervor swept through much of the world. In the face of poverty, inequality and oppression, people?s movements rose up in every corner of the Latin world. And in much the same fashion as Civil Rights, Women?s Rights and anti-Vietnam sentiments in the United States coalesced into a unified counter-culture movement by the 1960s, broad social revolution proved to be opportune for politically inclined women in Latin America. In these early days of women?s liberation, female guerilla combatants and revolutionaries had to contend with all the same concerns as their male counterparts (i.e. dictatorial central governments, unequal distribution of wealth, federal corruption, etc.). But this was compounded by the threat of sexually motivated violence, social subjugation and the general gamut of gender oriented prejudices. (Winn, 397). As such, women?s struggles to gain freedom from oppression extended beyond simple political discontent."
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Feminist Movements, 2002.
An analysis of feminist movements in the past two hundred years.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the periods of Women's Feminism through the two waves that they come in. The first part discussed will be the period 1848-70, the second period 1893-1920. The period from 1970 and till today will be compared with the other periods in history. The 1920 Declaration of Sentiments will also be touched upon in the comparison of these greatly varying movements on the feminist front.
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East Indian Women of Guyana, 2005.
This paper discusses the exploitation of East Indian women that migrated to the Caribbean in the 19th century and also looks at how these women adapted to their new life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the migration to Guyana of East Indian women in the context of indentured servitude, racism and early capitalistic exploitation. Particular attention is paid not only to why they arrived in Guyana but also how their culture changed and adapted in order to survive in its new environment. As is argued, the culture of East Indian women in the Caribbean was historically as a consequence of indentured servitude separated from the culture of Afro Caribbean women and the broader tradition of struggle against oppression in the colony.
From the Paper
"While most Canadians' views of Caribbean islands such as Guyana are that they are populated by people of African descent whose ancestors were brought as slaves to work on plantations during the colonial era, this view ignores the significant population of East Indian descent in islands such as Guyana. These Indians were brought to Guyana in a process known as "indentured servitude" which was one of the most "successful" programs of the British imperial state of the 19th century."
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The Feminist Movement and Religion, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship between the feminist movement and religion, focusing particularly on Christianity.
1,337 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationship between religion and the feminist movement. It focuses on Christianity as an example of a religion that promoted the subordinate roles of women in society and encouraged the persistence of patriarchy as the dominant social system. It analyzes two cases of how Christianity has affected female sexuality's role in society and concludes that feminist interpretation of religion, particularly Christianity, has always been criticized for being too radical and irrelevant in the lives of women followers.
From the Paper
"This analysis of the relationship between feminism and religion (specifically Catholicism/Christianity) remains a gray area for sociologists and researchers alike, for religions, as political and social forces in the society, can be interpreted as one or the other, or maybe both (as a social and political force). These distinctions would have an impact on the manner in which religion and its practices are interpreted vis-a-vis the feminist framework and discourse. The discussion and analysis provided here, in effect, offers a consolidated analysis of the extant views about the state of feminism as far as its goals towards religion is concerned. The two cases presented showed that though feminism has achieved its goal in some societies, wherein women play significant roles in their religious communities, there are societies that remain fixed and cling to the patriarchal order originally prescribed by the Western branch of Christianity (Catholicism)."
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"The Feminist Movement", 2002.
A review of Ethel Snowden's book "The Feminist Movement".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay examines Ethel Snowden's reasons for giving women the vote as are presented in her work, "The Feminist Movement." This book was first published in 1913 and Snowden's views might be considered controversial in a modern sense, although they were progressive at the time of publication.
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"I Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala", 2002.
Uses a comparison and contrast format to examine the controversy behind the book "I Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala".
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy behind the Nobel Prize winning book," I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala". The author uses a comparison and contrast format to explore the issue.
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Diversity in the Feminist Movement, 2002.
Discusses the different philosophies and schools of thought which make up the feminist movement.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Feminist theory is a generalized, wide-ranging system of ideas about social life and human experience developed from a woman-centered perspective. By definition, feminist theory emerges from within an interdisciplinary community that includes scholars from a variety of disciplines. Feminist scholars work, first of all, to develop their own discipline (sociology) by taking into account the diverse work of Feminist theorists. Secondly, Feminist scholars seek to develop a critical understanding of society in order to effect change and make the world more just and humane.
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"I, Rigoberta Menchu: an Indian Woman in Guatemala", 2005.
This paper relates the story of Rigoberta Menchu as told in her biography "I, Rigoberta Menchu: an Indian Woman in Guatemala".
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Rigoberta Menchu, who was born a member of a poverty-stricken and oppressed community in Guatemala, writes a testimony portraying her life story and those of all the indigenous people of the Americas. The author shows that, in her book, Menchu reveals discrimination, violence and death brought against Guatemalan Indian and poor ladrino communities, who are victims of poverty and indecent injustice. The paper describes the way Menchu, her community and other suffering villages united to resist injustice and devised methods to battle the wrong waged against them.
From the Paper
"Traveling to seek this assistance cost money and the earnings from their cultivation alone could not compensate for these expenses, let alone produce enough food for all the village members to eat, so the families went to work in the fincas to pay for these needs. In the fincas, owned by the very same landowners who attempted to take over their land, laborers were treated indecently and were poorly payed for the hard work they did. Labor contractors, used as the middlemen between landowners and workers, shouted at and insulted workers and treated them with no respect. Slow workers were punished and they were not given ample time to rest."
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"Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams", 2002.
A book review of the book "Desert Indian Woman: Stories and Dreams," by Frances Manuel and Deborah Neff.
2,242 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the author Frances Manuel's tribal origins, and the way that anthropologist Deborah Neff wrote the book from Manuel's spoken words, and so sometimes these words appear as poetry, trying to capture the way Manuel actually spoke them. The oral history portrays the conflicts experienced by Manuel as she tried to reconcile her native Indian world with contemporary American life in Tucson, Arizona.
From the Paper
"It is quite obvious that the book owes much of its clarity and detail to the relationship that grew between Deborah Neff and Frances Manuel. Neff notes they were more alike than different (Manuel and Neff xxxviii), and it is quite clear Manuel not only trusted Neff with the story of her life, but she felt comfortable with her, comfortable enough to relate her stories into an ever present tape recorder. The two women were friends before they began working on this project and that of course would account for the camaraderie that is clearly present throughout the book. These two women enjoyed each other's company, and respected each other, which gave them the freedom and ability to share their stories, and collaborate to share them with the world."
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Puritan and Indian Women, 2004.
A comparison of the lives of Puritan and Native American women.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the lives of Puritan and Native American women. It contends their lives were some what similar, but they were fundamentally different from each other. The paper explains that Puritan women were far lower in the hierarchy of their society than were American Indian women and had no expectations that their status would improve throughout their lives.
From the Paper
"Despite the fact that there were a number of important differences between Puritan women and women among the native peoples that Puritan settlers first encountered there were also at least some key similarities. This paper examines the ways in which the lives ..."
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Rhetoric and the Feminist Movement, 2005.
An analysis of the SCUM Manifesto by Valeries Solanas.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper is an analysis of the SCUM Manifesto by Valeries Solanas, first published in 1968. It argues that while many dismiss the Manifesto as over-the-top rhetoric against men, others who read it thoroughly find more meaning in the words, and many truths. The paper looks at the reasons why Solanas wrote the Manifesto.
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The Seneca Falls Convention and the Origin of the Feminist Movement, 2002.
An examination of the role the Seneca Falls convention of 1848 played in the development of modern feminism.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
In 1848 an abolitionist convention was held in Seneca Falls. This paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the Seneca Falls convention's final product: The Declaration of Sentiments - a document which contains a comprehensive listing of gender based injustices all of which the women in the convention vowed to abolish. The author of the paper draws a comparison between the Declaration of Sentiments and the American Declaration of Independence and touches on how the document related to African-Americans.
From the Paper
"Every great social movement has a beginning. Very often, it is a great challenge to determine these exact origins. The women?s rights or feminist movement is not different in this respect. It is not surprising that many ongoing discussions continue about this exact topic. The ?Declaration of Sentiments? is probably not the very first piece of feminist writing, but it did signify that feminists would ac-cept nothing but a major change in the way that society treated women. The same was true for the Decla-ration of Independence. It was not the first pro-independence work created, but it did finalize the Continental Congress? decision to leave English rule. The Seneca Falls Convention is a significant event in the history of the abolitionist movement thus it is worthwhile to consider it closely."
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Women in Indian History, 2006.
A review of the portrayal of women in India's myths, legends and epics as strong and independent characters.
5,935 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role that women have played in India and Indian history. According to the paper, recent studies that examined role portrayals of Indian women in magazine ads found that they are stereotypically portrayed as dependent upon men. The paper discusses how despite the stereotype that women in India were totally passive to their fate, there are many examples of women throughout India's history that present Indian women as strong and independent.
Outline:
Powerful Hindu Goddesses
Ganga and her Decent From Heaven
Durga's Victory over Mahisa
Kali- Victory over Raktabija
The Indian Epics
Mahabharata and Draupadi
The Vedic Period
Indian Women in Politics
Nur Jehan
From the Paper
"Throughout Sita's speech in Book II, Chapter 27, we find an outspoken and independent Sita directly defying her husband's wishes as she insists on keeping her wifely vows, even though it will mean her banishment as well and possible death as well. She could have taken the choice offered by her husband and stayed with his brother in safety and out of harm's way. However, her insistence on keeping her vowels, even if it meant putting our life in danger, is an unparalleled act of bravery. She refuses to be seduced when held captive and eventually takes her own life after being continually rejected. This is not the act of a weak woman. The fact that she could speak so outright against are husband also shows her status as an equal rather than a subordinate. "
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