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Women in African and Indian Society, 2004.
This paper discusses women in African and Indian Society based on two novels: Chinua Achebe?s ?Things Fall Apart? and K. Markandaya?s ?Nectar in a Sieve?.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the women in both societies play productive roles, working in the fields, attending to all domestic duties, and educating the children. The author points out that, in both novels, the softer, more accepting nature of the female characters should not be mistaken for weakness. The paper relates that African and Indian cultures may place undue emphasis on the male role in society; but, as Achebe and Markandaya demonstrate, their cultures are not devoid of respect and care for their women.
From the Paper
"The interpretation that women in "Things Fall Apart" are at the mercy of a male dominated, sexist society is largely due to the character of Okonkwo, its central protagonist. Right through the text, Okonkwo is heard to constantly compare all signs of weakness to femininity, a worldview that also leads him into frequently asserting his masculinity with his multiple wives, family and community. Okonkwo?s obsession with masculinity should not, however, be taken to represent the views of African culture, as a whole."
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Marriage out of Indian Societies, 2000.
A look at legislation in India concerning women and marriage.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This essay will explore Indian legislation concerning women and its impact on women and their children who marry out of the Indian society. A look at recent changes and implications for society.
From the Paper
"In June 1985, Parliament passed legislation, which ended over 100 years of discrimination in the Indian Act. These amendments commonly referred to as Bill C-31 respect three fundamental principals. First, the amendments exclude discriminatory conditions from the registration criteria from the Indian Act .For instance, Indian women no longer lost status through marriage to non-status Indian and a non-status woman can no longer gain status through marriage to Indian men. In recognition of the problems of discrimination contained within the Indian Act; the government chose to pass a law to eliminate the obstacles people had to endure. "
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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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Hijras Indians, 2005.
This paper defines the hijra women and then looks at the part played by the hijras in Indian society.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay concerns an underground, invisible band of women called hijras. The writer explains that the hijras are found as a part of the Indian society. The writer then points out that they are invisible to society by virtue of the fact that they are either castrated males or they identify and dress as males. Further, the writer discusses in this article that they only have limited access to society because in India the law and traditional customs frown upon homosexuality. The writer then notes that the only place they are accepted wholly is as part of weddings.
From the Paper
"In the patriarchal dominated Indian society, the Hijra women have existed for years living invisibly among the population. The Hijras are, for all intents and purposes, "a social sub-group of men that assume the lives of women, dress in feminine attire, and in a majority of cases, are emasculated". Probably the closest expression that could be made to describe these men in English is transsexual, without the operation. Not to digress, but the Hijras form specific functions in Indian society, as they are "ascribed with special spiritual powers derived from their identification with Hinduism's popular androgynous mythical figures including, Bahuchara Mata of Gujarat, Shiva united with his feminine aspect, etc...""
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Hindu Festivals: Manifestation of the Hindu Society and Culture, 2004.
Looks at the influence that Hindu philosophy and culture has had on India as a nation.
1,349 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the effect that Hinduism has had as a religion, culture, and way of life on Indian society. The paper discusses the different types of festivals celebrated in Hinduism, how they are conducted, their significance and meaning to Indian society, and how they are very much an extension of the influence that Hinduism has over Indian society.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, human civilization were influenced by numerous religions that carry with it a specific set of beliefs and customs, and philosophy that guided people how to live their lives on earth. Early world religions are characteristically Eastern or traditionalist, in their approach, such as Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. These old world religions have been influential in changing and developing many facets of human civilization, particularly in developing social interaction among people and cultivation of culture that is unique and characteristically derived from the dominant and prevailing religion in a society."
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South American Indians, 2005.
An examination into South American Indian history and societies.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theoretical approach, explores its historical underpinnings, and examines the main features that characterize South America. It is evident that understanding how and why South American societies developed as they did requires investigating the influence of environment. This paper focuses on environments subsistence and related levels of sociopolitical integration from Teirra del Fuego to the Amazon Basin and the Andes because these factors have all interacted as the history of South America. "
From the Paper
"South American Indians: An Analysis of Course Themes In discussing the theoretical approach we are taking in this course, exploring its historical underpinnings, and examining the main features that characterize it, it is evident that understanding how and why South American societies developed as they did requires investigating the influence of environment. Our class survey of the archeology and ethnography of indigenous South Americans over the past thirteen-thousand years is focusing on environments, subsistence, and related levels of sociopolitical integration from Teirra del Fuego to the Amazon Basin and the Andes because these factors have all interacted as the history of South America has unfolded."
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"The Mahabharata" and World View, 2001.
This paper discusses the Hindi epic, "The Mahabharata" as an example of moral and philosophical values in Indian society.
1,740 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the classic Vedic text, "The Mahabharata". The author discusses how and where the codes of moral honor and worldview are perceived in respect to their structure within the Hindu society. The story demonstrates various forms of codes, where the role of honor, and women?s places are defined, and how leading a spiritual and moral life is the ultimate goal. The paper includes a detailed outline.
From the paper:
"The worldview as is presented in the classic Hindi epic, "The Mahabharata" of moral and philosophical values still hold true today. "The Mahabharata" is considered to be an ideal source for examining the qualities found within Indian society. A sense of mortality is presented in many aspects of the text as we refer to the societies of the kuru and the Pandu dynasties of India. A Religious/philosophical teaching of Dharma is to live the path of our life that has been chosen for us. The independent elements of the early Indian society displayed in the Vedic text is more than just a story of Arjuna; but key elements to how world view is portrayed with emphasis on the values presented therein and the role of women in the work."
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Women in Hindi Society, 2006.
Discusses the status of women in Hinduism within a cultural and anthropological context.
3,587 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the position of women in Hindu society has changed considerably in modern times with the advent of modernity and technology, however she is still not on par with her contemporaries in the west. It argues that modern laws have mitigated the tightly restricted position women occupied in Indian society to some extent, however there is still much that needs to be done to raise the status of women in Hinduism.
Outline
Introduction
Traditional Concepts of Women in Hinduism
Status of Modern Woman in Hindu Society
The Dowry System
The Sati System
Female Foeticide
Hinduism vs. Modern Status of Women
Conclusion
From the Paper
" The status of women in Hinduism is much different from that of women all over the world. While Hindu women are also subject to the gender inequality that exists all over the world, it may be noted that religious restrictions and dictates mandate additional limitations upon the Hindu woman. Traditionally, her status has always been one of inferiority to man, but the underlying contempt that leads to this treatment of her as inferior is belied by the religious deception of her portrayal as a supremely moral being, as strong and as pure as a goddess. It may therefore be observed that Hinduism imposes upon Hindu women a religious standard of morality and purity that is almost impossible for a real woman to attain. It requires a level of self sacrifice and piety that is paradoxically denied to her by virtue of her "uncleanliness" caused by menstruation. Therefore, while Hinduism calls out to women to maintain the status of purity and morality that will ensure the attainment of a religious standard to serve in religious institutions, it also ensures that this standard will never be achieved - because she is ostracized from the religious shrines when she is menstruating. The highest ideal for Hindu women is the attainment of religious zeniths of purity. Everything in a Hindu woman's life is conditioned around religion and Hinduism is the source of all the cultural and societal values that are imposed upon the woman."
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How Siddhartha Relates to Today's Culture, 2001.
An examination of past Indian society and caste system and its relation to today's society.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with the characteristics of civilization in India during the time of Siddhartha. The author focuses on how the values during the time period of Siddhartha deal with the values of our society today.
From the Paper
"Siddhartha provides many examples of the civilization in India in the fifth century before Christ and parts of the Caste system, and many religious people. One of these characteristics of Indian civilization is the presence of Brahmins, very spiritual priests who were at the top of the Caste system pyramid. Siddhartha?s father was a Brahmin priest, and if Siddhartha chose to stay at home, he would have become one, too."
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California?s Indians, 2004.
Examines how author Albert Hurtado portrays California's Indians as participants in, not victims of, Anglo-Saxon culture and society.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates how Hurtado?s book successfully diminished popular ideas about the Native American experience in California, replacing stereotypes of submissive native slaves with images of working and raiding Indians who helped to shape California history. Hurtado?s Native Californians emerged, not as victims of Anglo society, but as active participants in California?s history. This paper also describes how the Indian experience shaped Native American culture today.
From the Paper
"In Albert Hurtado?s book, he discusses how native life and culture survived through this time, how the survivors managed to adapt to white society, and how the whites treated the Indians. Hurtado provides an interesting perspective of the California Indians, painting them as active participants in this culture, rather than victims of the dominant white society."
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"Indian Givers", 2005.
A review of the book "Indian Givers: How Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, Volume I" by Jack Weatherford.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Jack Weatherford began to examine the history of the Native American as he discovered that many agricultural products would not have been produced in farming without the knowledge that Indians gave those in the new world. The paper describes how Weatherford further stipulates that it is through these advances in agriculture that the United States has remained a strong contender in the global market ,and that without the influences of the Native Americans on the early settlers those new to America would not have survived. The paper analyzes how, through his work, "Indian Givers: How Indians of the Americas Transformed the World", Volume I, Weatherford brings an insight to a people that most individuals have been negligent in understanding. The paper concludes that it is Weatherford's purpose to demonstrate that Native Americans have been a misrepresented and forgotten people when the history of North America is discussed.
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The Sioux Indians, 2004.
Outlines the origins and history of the Sioux Indians.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a brief account of the origins, culture, society, and history of the Sioux Indians. The paper follows their history up to present-day conditions and talks briefly about Sioux society and culture today.
From the Paper
"Of all the North American Indians that lived and survived on the prairies and plains, the Sioux are the most popular and widely known. Their area of habitation ranged from the Mississippi valley in the east to the Rocky Mountains of the west and from the Saskatchewan River in Canada to the Rio Grande in the south. The cultural traits which came to characterize the High Plains Indians were dependent on bison, a limited use of roots and berries, limited fishing, and the skillful use of bison and deerskin for clothing and shelter. However, this culture was also dependent upon the introduction of the horse and to a lesser extent on changes in tribal locations farther east, and ?together with the introduction of firearms, the fur trade and the trading of goods, the Plains Indians experienced continuous change from the 17th century and well into the later years of the 19th century in America? (Lund, 67)."
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"North American Indian Ecology", 2006.
This paper reviews and examines Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology" which focuses on a wide range of ecological and environmental issues faced by Native American Indians in the 20th century.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 71.95
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This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.
From the Paper
"Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."
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American Indian Boarding Schools, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of the American Indian boarding schools and their influence in developing ?pan-Indianism?, which connected individuals from different tribes.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the "Friends of the American Indians" believed that education was the only answer to the "Indian problem" to assimilate Native Americans into Euro-American society. The author points out that, whereas, the mission schools were traditionally located on the reservations, the ?retraining? process meant that the government-influenced boarding schools were located off of the reservations, usually many miles away from families, so that many children were not able to see their families for years at a time. The paper relates that, although the tribal traditionalists strongly were opposed to families sending their children to distant schools to learn the "white man's" ways, grinding poverty and the overwhelming hopelessness of reservation life caused many Indian parents to consider the possibility of sending their children to find a more prosperous life.
From the Paper
"Many times the child was not told ahead of time that they would be leaving home to attend the boarding school. This resulted in a child resisting or fleeing home and hiding in the woods or with sympathetic relatives. The child might also runaway upon reaching the boarding school. One student?s account is recorded at the Clark Historical Library (1999). He remembered that on the day that he left, his mother pack his lunch, simply handed it to him, and sent him off to a day school he was attending. When he arrived at the school, he was then told that he was to leave immediately. He and several other children were told to get into a truck prepared with a wire cage. The cage was to keep them from fleeing, and they were then driven to the nearest railroad station."
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?House Made of Dawn? and ?Indian Killer?, 2002.
An analysis of two novels, ?House Made of Dawn? by N. Scott Momaday and ?Indian Killer? by Sherman Alexe, both of which bring to light the plight of the Red Indians.
1,214 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how the works of both Alexe?s and Momaday commonly highlight Red Indians, representing them as a generation of people neglected, looked down, oppressed and severely under represented in nearly all spheres of an average American life. It examines how the authors, through their characters, portray the lack of understanding present in the American society for the Red Indians and the anger prevalent amongst the Red Indians. Both novels have awakened the literary world on the existence of a culture that had always been there for possibly thousands of years, but only through an occasional perspective from an anthropologist and or a historian.
From the Paper
"The depiction of other characters, such as Francisco and Reverend Tosamah too is suggestive of the evident and prevailing diversity on and about the Indian people and their culture. The first is both a staunch believer of the Catholic faith, and a medicine man for the tribal, and the second is the modern age preacher living in Los Angeles preaching the Native Indians on the Word of God and Christianity. Yet, the most important character is Abel is given the assignment of eliminating the growing difference between the Indian reservations where he and his ancestors grew up, and the city, which has trapped him, but all in vain. (Pinkmonkey, 2002)"
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