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Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World., 2008.
A Critique of Jack Weatherford's "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World."
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses that the term 'Indian giver' has come to be a synonym for someone who gives something, only to take it back. The paper further explains that it was the Indians who were forced to give to the Europeans--their knowledge about farming and fishing in the Americas and ultimately their land. The paper discusses that in Jack Weatherford's book, "Indian Givers: How the Indians of the Americas Transformed the World," the exchange between Europeans and Native Americans was an unequal one, with Europeans taking of the positive benefits of the New World, while the Indians were doing all of the giving. The paper concludes that unwittingly, the Indians found themselves the recipient of the evils of European civilization, like slavery, and a disrespectful attitude to the land.
From the Paper
"According to Weatherford, the early post-Columbian contact of the Europeans with the native populace actually enabled the Industrial Revolution to change Europe, and ultimately the world. "Had Europe and America not come together through Columbus or some other connection, the industrial revolution would never have happened in the way we know it," because Europeans would never have gained access to the metals of the New World, or to Indian mines (Weatherford 57). This contact also generated the money economy of Europe and fueled a shift to a European economy based upon real, hard, convertible currency. Metal-based currency also was critical in fueling industrialism and world trade. By beginning the book with tales of South American encounters with Europe, which were particularly brutal and unequal from the beginning of the Indian-European relationship, Weatherford initiates a tragic tone, explaining how enslaved South American Indians mining gold and silver in Potosi supplied the precious metals for most of the European coins that generated wealth for the Old World at the expense of the liberty of the New World."
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Indian Buddhism and Chinese Art, 2005.
This paper discusses the Indian Buddhist influence on Chinese art.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the way in which Buddhism, whose origins are from India, influenced Chinese art. The essay discusses specific artists who employed Buddhist themes in their work, The writer also looks at exhibitions and architecture that reflect the tradition of using Indian Buddhism as either the subject of the work or that use Indian Buddhism to symbolically give a message to the viewer.
From the Paper
"Indian Buddhism was founded in India in 525 BC. Its creator Siddhartha Gautama--or Buddha--taught his followers four noble truths: "existence is suffering (dukha); suffering has a cause, namely craving and attachment (trishna); there is a cessation of suffering, which is nirvana; and there is a path to the cessation of suffering, the 'eightfold path' of right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration"."
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Comprehending Indian Images and Symbolism, 2001.
An analysis of Indian expression of imagery and symbolism.
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 61.95
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Abstract
An examination of Indian arts with emphasis on the images and symbolism in the Indian notions of art and religion. The author examines the influences of the Western world on Indian expression of art.
From the Paper
"For thousands of years the arts have thrived on the Indian sub-continent, with the advent of western influence and occupation taking place only within the last few hundred years. The impact of western influence upon India is unmistakable, especially in regards to her arts and religion, serving not so much as a contributor, but as a critic. To even begin to comprehend and appreciate the incredible diversity and complexity of Indian arts, we must undergo a paradigm shift of our most basic western beliefs and notions of art and religion. Therefore, an understanding of the historical interpretations of Indian art is essential. Going beyond this, we must construct a rudimentary primer on seeing Indian images, also known as dar?an, and trying to understand, at least at a basic level, the symbolism involved in such religiously rich imagery."
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The Art of India, 2007.
This short paper briefly describes the art of India, highlighting painting, sculpture and architecture.
838 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This short paper explores both the art of India and the mysticism behind this art. The author describes the purposes of Indian art, citing the religious and philosophical meanings intertwined within a work. Several architectural landmarks are presented, including the complex of temples at Khajuraho. Specific styles of painting are also described.
From the Paper
" The most prominent feature of Indian art is that it does not attempt a representation of the immediate reality as such, nor does it bring merely aesthetic figurations of it, but that its substance is always blended with the religions and philosophies of India, and therefore pervaded with rich symbolism, with a sum of philosophical concepts and many divine characters. This is why artistic objects in India serve usually more than one purpose - the temples, for example, are not, in terms of style, merely architectural forms, but are closer to sculpture. Also the stupas , were originally small burial or reliquary places , but they are also cosmic diagrams by the special elements of their construction such as the harmika symbolizing the heaven of the thirty three gods , and the yasti , as the axis of the universe , rising through the harmika ,and thus uniting the world with the paradise above."
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Representations of Women in Art, 2002.
An examination of how depictions of women throughout history illustrate the roles of women in various groups.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Examines how depictions of women throughout history illustrate the roles of women in various groups. Focuses on Paleolithic, Egyptian & Indian art. Venus sculptures. Reductioin of female figure to its reproductive function. Lower status depicted in size of female figure. Female deities as representatives of power & protector of society, not just fertility objects.
From the Paper
"In many cultures throughout history, depictions of women in art were far less common than representations of men. When women are shown in art the form of representation offers some clues as to the roles of women in the various groups. In the examples considered here two so-called Venus figures from Paleolithic art, two Egyptian "portraits" of women and girls of the highest class, and two goddess sculptures from India offer some insight into the ways women were perceived in these societies. They do not, however, offer more than a slight indication--especially in the Paleolithic and Indian examples--of the ways women functioned in everyday life, although it is possible to infer some things from these works of art.
Two Paleolithic sculptures of women are of the type that have been designated "Venus" figures because they are presumed to..."
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"Indian Givers", 2005.
A review of the book "Indian Givers: How Indians of the Americas Transformed the World, Volume I" by Jack Weatherford.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Jack Weatherford began to examine the history of the Native American as he discovered that many agricultural products would not have been produced in farming without the knowledge that Indians gave those in the new world. The paper describes how Weatherford further stipulates that it is through these advances in agriculture that the United States has remained a strong contender in the global market ,and that without the influences of the Native Americans on the early settlers those new to America would not have survived. The paper analyzes how, through his work, "Indian Givers: How Indians of the Americas Transformed the World", Volume I, Weatherford brings an insight to a people that most individuals have been negligent in understanding. The paper concludes that it is Weatherford's purpose to demonstrate that Native Americans have been a misrepresented and forgotten people when the history of North America is discussed.
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"North American Indian Ecology", 2006.
This paper reviews and examines Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology" which focuses on a wide range of ecological and environmental issues faced by Native American Indians in the 20th century.
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.
From the Paper
"Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."
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American Indian Boarding Schools, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of the American Indian boarding schools and their influence in developing ?pan-Indianism?, which connected individuals from different tribes.
2,245 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the "Friends of the American Indians" believed that education was the only answer to the "Indian problem" to assimilate Native Americans into Euro-American society. The author points out that, whereas, the mission schools were traditionally located on the reservations, the ?retraining? process meant that the government-influenced boarding schools were located off of the reservations, usually many miles away from families, so that many children were not able to see their families for years at a time. The paper relates that, although the tribal traditionalists strongly were opposed to families sending their children to distant schools to learn the "white man's" ways, grinding poverty and the overwhelming hopelessness of reservation life caused many Indian parents to consider the possibility of sending their children to find a more prosperous life.
From the Paper
"Many times the child was not told ahead of time that they would be leaving home to attend the boarding school. This resulted in a child resisting or fleeing home and hiding in the woods or with sympathetic relatives. The child might also runaway upon reaching the boarding school. One student?s account is recorded at the Clark Historical Library (1999). He remembered that on the day that he left, his mother pack his lunch, simply handed it to him, and sent him off to a day school he was attending. When he arrived at the school, he was then told that he was to leave immediately. He and several other children were told to get into a truck prepared with a wire cage. The cage was to keep them from fleeing, and they were then driven to the nearest railroad station."
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?House Made of Dawn? and ?Indian Killer?, 2002.
An analysis of two novels, ?House Made of Dawn? by N. Scott Momaday and ?Indian Killer? by Sherman Alexe, both of which bring to light the plight of the Red Indians.
1,214 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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This paper shows how the works of both Alexe?s and Momaday commonly highlight Red Indians, representing them as a generation of people neglected, looked down, oppressed and severely under represented in nearly all spheres of an average American life. It examines how the authors, through their characters, portray the lack of understanding present in the American society for the Red Indians and the anger prevalent amongst the Red Indians. Both novels have awakened the literary world on the existence of a culture that had always been there for possibly thousands of years, but only through an occasional perspective from an anthropologist and or a historian.
From the Paper
"The depiction of other characters, such as Francisco and Reverend Tosamah too is suggestive of the evident and prevailing diversity on and about the Indian people and their culture. The first is both a staunch believer of the Catholic faith, and a medicine man for the tribal, and the second is the modern age preacher living in Los Angeles preaching the Native Indians on the Word of God and Christianity. Yet, the most important character is Abel is given the assignment of eliminating the growing difference between the Indian reservations where he and his ancestors grew up, and the city, which has trapped him, but all in vain. (Pinkmonkey, 2002)"
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Gender and Upward Influence: An Indian Study, 2008.
A look at a study by K. Asha, A. Mahfooz, and R. Himanshu, that was carried out on interactions between Indian male and female workers, entitled "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study".
878 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and critiques the research study, "Gender, Affect and Upward Influence: An Indian Study", hypothesizing that in Indian mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The paper explains that study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment and contradicts previous studies that indicate little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace. The paper also explains that the study uses a combination of survey methodology to prove eight separate hypotheses and includes interviews.
Outline:
Description of the Experiment
Independent and Dependent Variables
Sampling Used
Reliability and Validity of the Experiment
From the Paper
"Gender will become an increasingly important issue in the Indian business world, as businesses continue to hire greater numbers of women to fill the labor void created by an expanding market. This research study hypothesizes that in mixed-sex workforce groups, interactions between males and females continue to be dominated by attitudes that women hold a lower social status than men. The study examines the usage of upward influence (UI) in the workplace environment (Asha, Mahfooz, & Himanshu, 2006). This study contradicted previous studies that indicated little or no difference in UI strategies between males and females in the workplace."
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Two Indian Poems, 2002.
Comparing "Indian Boarding School: The Runaways " by Louise Erdrich with "For The White Poets who would be Indians" by Wendy Rose.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper compares "Indian Boarding School: The Runaways" by: Louise Erdrich with "For The White Poets who would be Indians" by: Wendy Rose. The paper discusses and then analyzes the tone, speaker, theme, and imagery in both poems.
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"Indian Killer" and "A House Made of Dawn", 2002.
This paper reviews two novels, both related to Indian Society in the U.S.A. --"Indian Killer", by Sherman Alexie and "A House Made of Dawn", by N. Scott Momaday.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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The writer compares and contrasts the works of these two writers whose novels both focus on the issues of cultural ties in a sub-culture that is dominated and oppressed by the white majority. The paper looks first at Sherman Alexie's novel where the main character John is caught between the two cultures, his Indian background by birth and his adopted white family. The paper then continues with a review of N. Scott Momaday's book, set in post-war America and analyzes the characters development as he struggles between the world he once valued and the white world.
From the Paper
"In Alexie's murder story, a serial killer is operating in Seattle and leaving behind scalped corpses decorated with owl feathers. This leads to a good deal of anti-Indian rhetoric and some street violence, both white against Indian and Indian against white. The killer is John Smith, an Indian without a tribe, which alone sets him apart from both groups. His name is clearly an ironic reference to the white captain famous for the story of Pocahantas. John is caught between the two cultures, for while he is Indian by birth, he is Adopted by a white couple. He rapidly slips into a delusional fantasy life in which he is the Native American hero able to right all the wrongs inflicted on Native Americans by European settlers and all those who followed."
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Child Welfare among the Pacific Northwest Indians, 2008.
A discussion of how understanding the child-rearing practices of the Pacific Northwest Indians and Alaskan Native Indians is important in providing the best welfare service to their children.
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cultural competence within the context of the Pacific Northwest Indians and the Alaskan Native American. The paper describes family and community approaches to child welfare practice and also looks at social and (to a lesser extent) racial constructs in these societies. Finally, the paper at various times touches upon the lessons that a careful study of Pacific Northwest culture can offer to a child welfare agent eager to do the right thing.
From the Paper
"About the Coeur d'Alene tribe somewhat less is known but it is known that kinship was bilaterally based and that the same terms were used to address a cousin from the mother's side of the family as from the father's side of the family (Frey, n.d.). Whether or not this sort of practice is still in place is hard to determine (the evidence is scant) but, to the extent that any members of the Coeur d'Alene still cling to the "old ways", it is advisable that child welfare representatives respect the fact that Coeur d'Alene families are extended and close-knit and that a child's well-being is everyone's concern."
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The Indian Removal Act of 1830, 2004.
An overview of the status of Native Americas prior to the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
Particularly in the years immediately prior to the War of Independence, the Native people of the Americas had more political power and leverage with European settlers and the colonists than they were ever to have in subsequent years. The paper shows, however, that after America formally became a nation with a European-style government, the Indian nations and intertribal struggles were in conflict with the new government. The paper briefly examines the events, reasons, and causes leading to the removal of the Indians from the East and the Indian Removal Act.
From the Paper
"The history of racism is rife with euphemisms. ?Removal? became a polite legal euphemism for what is now called ?The Trail of Tears? of the Cherokee People and the other five native tribes whom were legally and systematically denied their rights to the land their people had occupied for as long as memory, by an act of the United States Congress. The Twenty-First Congress of the United States of America passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 on May 26, 1830. It should be noted that the act?s passage did not come easily, and only transpired after four months of strong debate."
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The Spanish & Southwest Indian Tribes, 1997.
Examines history of desert Indians' culture, impact of Spanish religious & political imperialism & late 20th century efforts to revitalize Indian life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This examination of the Spanish treatment of the Arizona and Southwest Indian tribes will first consider those peoples and their relationships with each other. By first looking at the possible origin of the Southwestern U.S. Indian tribes, one can see who the Spaniards encountered in the late 1700s and thus know what effect the Spaniards would have on them. Additionally, one might understand what those tribes are doing about that effect today.
Both Fr. Kino, the Catholic priest delegated by Spain to oversee the exploration of the Southwest, and Capt. Manje, the military officer overseeing the soldiers assigned to this operation, had their own reasons for writing the documents they left, so one can also see what they thought they were doing and compare that to what they actually did, see what legacy they.."
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