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The Indus Civilization of Ancient India, 2004.
This detailed paper explores the origins and major centers of the Indus civilization, focusing on Indus culture and its art, including architecture, seals, beads, figurines, and personal accessories.
4,735 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Indus civilization, one of the most geographically extensive ancient civilizations ever discovered, demonstrates patterns of centralization or standardization in its art and architecture. The author points out that the art produced by this empire is seen by most scholars to be far ahead of its time and more sophisticated than many ancient cultures with which it can be compared. The paper relates that the art and architecture of the Indus civilization is highly detailed, representational, and sophisticated in production and craftsmanship, reflecting an efficient culture.
From the Paper
"Architecturally, the sophistication of the Indus civilization can be seen to have progressed rapidly during these two eras also. From domesticating plants and animals and settling down into what could be called prototypical cultural methods, the Indus people had advanced to building large, intricately-planned cities and towns. Apparently,
these cities were planned on a universal design that was either widely copied or mandated for use throughout the vast civilization. The cities were walled, and were planned on an efficiently-measured and -executed grid pattern that allowed for the formation of rectangular blocks and cross-streets. As was mentioned, the eastern ends of the cities were traditionally made up of residential areas, and the western ends were dominated by a large sort of citadel. This perhaps reflects upon a separation of public and private function. The residential areas also had a large courtyard through which community interface was assumedly integrated into the plan."
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The 1947 Partition of India, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of the partition of British India in 1947 into India and Pakistan and argues its harmful effects.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper sums up the social, political, economic repercussions of the 1947 partition of British India into India and modern-day Pakistan. The paper suggests that a more conciliatory approach on behalf of the political leaders of the day might have avoided much of the subsequent bloodshed and spared both of these nations the acrimony and animosity that presently lingers.
From the Paper
"The partitioning of India has stirred a great deal of debate. This paper will wade into that debate by examining whether or not the partition of India made sense socially, politically, or economically. More specifically, this paper will argue that the 1947 partition did a great deal of harm to India - and to Pakistan - in all three regards and that a more inclusive approach involving the leaders of the day might have spared both nations the tragedies that followed. With that in mind, it is to a discussion of the Indian partitioning of 1947 that one now turns."
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Ancient Civilization, 2002.
A brief history of the ancient civilizations of the Near East, India and China.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of ancient Egyptian culture, including a look at the role of the "Pharoah" and the writing system developed at that time. The development of ancient Indian culture over 3,500 years is outlined, and a discussion of ancient Chinese culture discussed, including the influence of Confucius on Chinese society.
From the Paper
"The civilizations of the Near East, especially that of Egypt, has captured reasonable attention of the scholars. The Egyptian civilization is considered as a mystery as the scholars are still making new discoveries about the religion, the colossal architecture of the region and the educational developments of that time. The Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, the Upper Egypt (also known as the Nile Valley) and the Lower Egypt (Nile Delta)
However, Egypt was unified in 3000 B.C., when Menes established his kingdom and developed Memphis as his capital. At this time, the central power was in the hands of the king and he was considered as the only individual who had direct contact with God. According to Egyptians beliefs, their king was divine and was even considered superior to the priests. The economic affairs of the whole kingdom were in the hands of the king and he was the owner of the state. Under the King, there was a well-established hierarchy of Royal family members, officials, governors and mayors. The rest of the community consisted of slaves, peasants and artisans."
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Clive and the East India Company, 2008.
A discussion of Sir Robert Clive's impact upon India and the East India Company.
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the towering personality of eighteenth-century East India Company Commander Robert Clive and how his forceful personality -combined with questionable ethics - established the East India Company as the de facto ruler of North-East India. The paper also shows how Clive undermined the legitimacy of the regional Nawabs while transforming Indian society in ways that created anger and resentment among Indians. The paper then looks at how the Chinese managed to secure a degree of autonomy in contrast to the Indians.
From the Paper
"The beginning of the East India Company's century of political domination in the "crown jewel" of the British Empire dates back to the 1750s - at least according to historian Philip Lawson. Specifically, shortly after securing the corporate presidency, Robert Clive was called upon to respond to an emergency in Bengal involving the capture of Calcutta by the new Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daula. While the matter is actually rather complex, what had essentially happened is that a simmering Mogul rivalry had spilled over into British affairs. Particularly, the Nawab had imprisoned 146 Europeans - of whom 123 died in one evening in a crowded cell. Suffice it to say, the Nawab's actions and the reckless disregard for the safety and security of the Europeans sparked mass revulsion across Europe (most notably in Great Britain) and Clive became one of the two senior commanders of an expeditionary force sent from Madras to re-capture Calcutta and rescue those Europeans who had not perished; the campaign, just as one might expect, was a huge success and marked the high point in Clive's military career."
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India and Its Independence, 2007.
An analysis of India's position regarding World War II and their desire for independence.
2,549 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the independence of India. It looks at India's political situation during the World War II and whether India was a country with beliefs that agreed with the War. It discusses why India wanted to be free from the British. The paper analyzes why India became involved in the war, the part Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Chandra Bose had in the war and the position India held concerning the war. Finally, the paper discusses how Bose believed it was better to fight with the Japanese against the British to win independence while Ghandi believed it was better to fight on the side of the British with the hope of gaining independence.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
India and Politics
The History of British Rule in India
India and Its Position at the Beginning of World War II
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
Mahatma Gandhi and India
Independence for India
From the Paper
"Many of the leaders in India did not want to actively participate in World War II. History shows that Gandhi and Nehru wanted to tie any participation of their country in the war with independence for them. First, consider some facts about Mahatma Gandhi. This is explained in the article, "Mahatma Gandhi", (2006), Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's birth was in a small town called Porbander on October 1, 1869 (p. 1). He went to school in Rahkot due to the fact that his father was the prime minister of this area. Gandhi was actively involved in keeping peace between the Hindu and Muslims. One of Gandhi's problems was that he refused to see the two separate elements the Hindu and Muslims had (Mahatma Gandhi 2006). Gandhi wanted peace and independence for his country."
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India's Ancient Civilization to Modern Day Politics and the Legacy of the British Raj., 2001.
A look at India's development from as early as the 3rd millennium and how other nations and civilizations often imposed their rule on India. The primary focus of the paper is on how British rule in India continues to effect modern Indian politics.
3,960 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 107.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines how British rule has made an impact on Indian politics. Making comparison to Abdullah Hussein's characters in 'Weary Generations', the author suggests that British rule, in modern Indian politics, continues to be "an unhappy marriage that still is not broken". The second section of the paper discusses political institutions in contemporary India and their relevance, whilst the third section looks at Indian ancient civilization which the author suggests has led to a modern day philosophy of non-violence, religious tolerance. The paper concludes with a look at democracy in India as compared to that in China and Japan.
From the paper:
"The English made many external changes that led to the Indian people's desire and ability to become their own unified country. Although unification may never have happened without the influence of the British, it was the Indians themselves that eventually achieved their unity. The British could not completely unify India."
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Comparative Governmental Systems: Ancient and Modern, 2004.
Shows how modern democratic thought originated from Ancient Greece and Rome.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
Some of the key features of both "democracy" and the American Constitution have their origins in ancient history. If one looks at Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India, we may discover traces of democratic thought that precipitated the rise of each of those lands and peoples. The paper shows, however, that many of the critical threads of Western political thought can be directly catalyzed by the very birth of Western society in the classical civilizations of Ancient Greece and Rome. The paper traces concepts of democracy and citizenship from ancient times and shows how they affected modern forms of government, in particular, the American Constitution and Britain's Houses of Lords and Commons.
From the Paper
"In effect, this republic-representative democracy was therefore established in which the people chose representatives to run the state for them. The Roman Republic was a government headed by elected leaders, yet real power was held by the Senate, which represented the upper class, and two consuls, who served as heads of state. If we
examine Ancient Roman society even further, we can identify origins of the United States Constitution: the Bill of Rights. For instance, the rights of all citizens were protected by a code of laws known as the Twelve Tables of Law."
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India's Economic Performance, 2002.
Explains India's economic performance by taking an in depth look at the economic, political and social change that has taken place within India during the postwar years.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This comprehensive study is aimed at the major economic, political, cultural and social changes and crises that have taken place within India during the period in question and it will attempt to assess the extent to which these factors have shaped the country's economic performance. Included in this analysis will be an assessment of economic development and social change, the economic and political aspects of agricultural change, as well as political change, political structure and the functioning of government. Attention will also be directed towards the caste conflict and language differences as well as the extent to which they have had an impact on the level of economic development that India has been able to achieve and the nature of this development. The main hypothesis that will be tested in this study will be the following: while India has achieved relatively significant economic advances during recent years, especially in light of the country's status as a Third World nation, these advances have been limited.
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India and Pakistan, 2004.
This paper discusses the history and relationship of India and Pakistan.
3,930 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 18 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that India and Pakistan have been arch-rivals since the partition of the sub-continent that took place more than 50 years ago; their animosity goes back a long time and finds its main causes in religion and history. The paper shows how this animosity has turned into a deadly arms race. The author points out that Pakistan never accepted the accession of the state of Jammu and Kashmir to India. The paper relates that the culture of medieval terrorism has spread throughout Pakistan because the Pakistan government has permissive attitudes towards terrorism and uses Islamic Jihad terrorism against India.
Table of Contents
History of India and Pakistan Relations
Independence and Partition
The Fight for Pakistan's Independence
War and Revolt
The Kashmir Conflict and the Wars Fought between India and Pakistan
Civil Unrest in the State of Jammu and Kashmir before the Issue of Accession
The Transfer of Power in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947
Accession
The Plebiscite
First Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Second Indo-Pakistani War over the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Third Indo-Pakistani War
The Current Situation in the State of Jammu and Kashmir
Social and Economic Problems in Pakistan and India
Effect of September 11th on India and Pakistan
Pakistan
India
The Culture of Terrorism
The Nuclear Capabilities of the Two Countries
From the Paper
"In 1931, the Maharaja's officials in the Jammu Province disrupted many different Muslim prayer congregations and insulted the Holy Quran. This caused a massive outrage among the Muslim community. The Muslims held many meetings and processions. At a meeting, Abdul Qadeer delivered a violent speech against the Maharaja. He was arrested by the police and charged for sedition. During his trial, the police shot a crowd of Muslim protesters outside the Srinagar Central Goal, taking the lives of twenty-two demonstrators and a policeman. This day is known as "Martyrs Day" in the history of Kashmir, marked as the beginning of the struggle of the Muslim Kashmiris for independence from the Indian government."
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India-U.S. Relations, 2007.
Discussion of the developing political and economic relationship between the United States and India.
2,693 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historic relationship between the United States and India, from its fragile beginnings to the current strengthening of ties. Several issues are addressed that have contributed to the relationship between the two nations. These include the Cold War, economic cooperation between the US and India, and India's security issues. The author believes that India and the United States are still in the early stages of what will hopefully be a strong and prosperous friendship. The writer concludes that decades of mistrust and friction must be resolved if relations are to fully flourish.
Outline
A History of Wariness
Economic Cooperation Between the US and India
Security Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States was frustrated by its inability to win influence in this strategic nation that serves as a jumping point to Asia and the Middle East. Even after the Cold War, the United States' relationship with India remained rocky over issues such as nuclear proliferation, India's conflict with Pakistan, and high trade tariffs. However, a new era seems to be dawning in U.S-Indian relations. Both sides have begun to look past historically divisive issues and to focus on natural synergies between the nations, particularly in the area of economic cooperation. Despite growing economic ties between the nations and increased understanding over India's nuclear status, significant issues still remain in the development of a solid partnership between India and the United States."
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History of Marriage in India, 2007.
This paper traces the history of marriage in India, citing its religious and cultural importance.
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history of marriage in India, where it is viewed as a sacrament and the greatest bond between a man and a woman and between their families. The author discusses arranged marriages and the role of sexual intimacy in marriage. The paper further highlights the different outlooks on marriage between Northern India and Southern India. Also considered is the impact of other cultures in India, including Islamic and Western Culture. The author concludes that despite these cultural influences, marriage remains a sacrament in India.
From the Paper
"The greatest event in a family in India is a wedding, which celebrates and evokes every possible social obligation, kinship bond, traditional value, sentiment and economic resource (Encyclopedia of Nations 1995). It is considered essential by virtually everyone in the country. The individual sees it as the setting for one's transition to adulthood, which is the result of a combination of choices by everyone in the group or family. Everyone is born in a family and the choice of a family is beyond individual choice, which is why arranging a marriage is a critical responsibility of parents and other relatives on both sides. Some Indian parents make this arrangement at the birth of a child while some wait until later. Child marriage was practiced by small ancient groups, especially the Rajasthan, for their children under the age of five (Encyclopedia of Nations, Stormloader). Hindu scriptures sanctioned the practice and its early consummation and emphasized that a girl should be married before puberty or before her first menstruation. If not, she would go to hell because it would constitute abortion. Their Prophet Islam taught that marrying young girls from 2 to 8 would be ideal. Indians also fixed the age of the groom at ideally three times that of the child bride..."
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India and Nuclear Energy, 2006.
This paper discuses extensively the global use of nuclear energy, especially in India.
6,995 words (approx. 28.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, over the last fifty years, the most significant shift in India's energy consumption was the replacement of non-commercial energy with commercial energy, generated frequently
from oil, which is being compromised by the ever-increasing cost of oil. The author points out that India's nuclear power program is poised to take off rapidly because of the accelerated rate of growth of India's economy and its ever increasing need for reasonable priced energy. The paper relates that the Indo-U.S. agreement on the Nuclear energy is largely a result of President Bush's strong commitment to reducing dependence on fossil fuels, to cutting back emissions of greenhouse gases and to cutting radioactive nuclear wastes, which marks the beginning of a new era of geo-politics to rebuild a balance of power in Asia vis-a-vis China and Pakistan. Many charts and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Current Global Nuclear Energy Scenario
Nuclear Energy in India and Its Economics
The Economics of Nuclear Power in India
Indo-U.S .Nuke Deal: Opportunities and Challenges
Implication at Home
The Impact on Nuclear Nonproliferation Policy
Regional Issues
Impact on the Middle East and Israel
Impact on Brazil, Libya, Argentina, Ukraine and South Africa
China
Proliferation Crisis in North Korea
Pakistan
Perceptions of India about Non-Proliferation
Issue of Separation of Civilian and Nuclear Facilities
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"India, however, breached the international taboo on "going nuclear" in 1998, by testing a series of nuclear explosive devices on May11 and 13 and officially declaring itself a new "nuclear weapons power". These events triggered Pakistan's nuclear explosive testing response two weeks later. Thus, suddenly emerged two self-declared, non-NPT nuclear weapons states radically changing the efficacy of the nuclear non-proliferation regime. This was followed by economic sanctions on both the countries. The problems in the US-India relationship arose from the 1994 Glenn Amendment to the US Arms Export Control Act. The Glenn Amendment requires that the US respond to the Indian nuclear tests with seven steps that are almost automatic in their application to India and Pakistan."
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Islam in India, 2002.
Discusses the arrival of Islam in India and its impact on the country.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the introduction of Islam into India. Briefly it chronicles Muslim expansion into India after the year 711. Subsequently, it assesses the impact of Islam on India and also India's impact on Islam.
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Nursing in India.
An overview of medical and nursing practices in India.
1,041 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in many countries, nursing plays an important role in the medical care of its citizens and how this is especially true of developing countries, such as India. It provides an overview of India, along with its current major health problems and health care system. The role of nursing is discussed, along with nursing education in India. It also analyzes the differences and similarities between nursing in India and the United States.
From the Paper
"India's developing conditions, along with the rural nature of most of its people has played a strong part in the country's major health problems. This state of affairs has lead to a disturbing lack of adequate surgical care for India's mostly rural population. (Udwadia, 2003) In addition, malaria, tuberculosis, sickle cell anemia, and diarrhea are all common problems in the region. (Ellis, 2004) Polio too has been a recent epidemic in the country. With India being one of only two countries in the world to see a significant rise in polio cases in 2002. ("Current", 2003) These diseases, although easily treatable in more developed countries, are sources of suffering and death for the people of India, in many cases."
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The Myth of the Aryan Invasion of India, 2004.
This paper discusses the insidious myth of an Aryan invasion of India, which lately has been widely contested.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the post-colonial culture of India, rampant with the demonstration of historical superiority of the British culture, includes the representation of the ancient history of the Indian region as dominated by a fictitious Aryan race that overthrew the Indus Valley people. The author points out that this myth is a clear demonstration of the attempt to bolster the idea of superiority, and therefore, permit the dominance over the Indian population during the colonial occupation. The paper relates that the myth itself can be recounted through "legitimate" literature of the early and mid 20th century, the Sanhita ("collection") of the "Rig-Veda", a purely lyrical assortment of songs, which the Hindus brought with them from their ancient homes on the banks of the Indus.
From the Paper
"The results of such a rethinking and rewriting of history are, as of yet, unknown; but the cultural identity of the Indian people will clearly be redefined by the new view of the events of the disappearance of the Indus Valley people. One of the most prominent British historians of the colonial and early post colonial period demonstrates the idea that there is little evidence of a real Aryan conquest. "Of the effects of the Aryan settlements in India itself in the earliest period, we have no real evidence beyond certain scattered allusions in Vedic literature, and some faint local traditions." "
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